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From available data on 6,497 individuals from the three so-called cohorts that are part of the EPIGEN-Brazil initiative with scientists led by Eduardo Tarazona Santos, professor at the Institute of Biological Sciences at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), they identified how much of the genome of each of them has a European, African or Native American (Amerindian) origin.
Northeast Region:
As expected, the population genes of the first cohort - 1,309 individuals from Salvador (BA) - have a great African ancestry (50.8%), followed by the European (42.9%) and Amerindian (6.4%).
Southeast region:
In the second cohort, composed of 1,442 people from the city of Bambuí, Minas Gerais, the vast majority of its genome is of European origin (78.5%), African (14.7%), and Amerindian (6.7%) .
South region:
Finally, in the third and last cohort, made up of 3,736 individuals born in Pelotas, the European genetic influence is (76.1%), with an African contribution (15.9%) and Amerindian contribution (8%)
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Thanks for this, Ack. That's what I was talking about. Pelotas is far from the "colonial zone" (which is not representative as well*, in isolation), for example, concentrated in the north half of the state, but also in central RS. The distance from this area where the heritages are better known means that Pelotas is likely a good choice given the probable goal of the study.Brazil is really heterogeneous, and IIRC some studies focused just in capitals or in specific cities, not always representative of the states where they're located.
It shows how interesting Pelotas is under a genetic point of view. Why? Well, in 1814, Pelotas would have had 25000 blacks (slaves) and 32000 whites (mostly Iberians, likely), and the city is well known in Rio Grande do Sul as having the most important African influence in the state, even if that proportion didn't mantain, for obvious reasons. However, in 2010 a somewhat low % of "pelotenses" declared themselves black or mixed with, which would be, say, "counter-intuitive" (?). The study you posted kind of reinforce this important influence, despite the fact it deals with averages. The following article tries to explain this probable unrealistic demographic sense of 2010, in which the % of black (and mixed) dropped significantly compared to 2000:
https://www.diariopopular.com.br/opiniao/a-negritude-em-pelotas-por-que-se-oculta-106066/
I'd risk to say that other cities in South half of the state apparently with less SSA, such Bagé, Santana do Livramento, Uruguaiana etc. could have more Native American influence than Pelotas?
*I'm from an area called "Serra Gaúcha", which has its own peculiarities, i.e., it's not greatly representative not even of the half North as a whole.
Btw, I'm not sure Iberian ancestry is the most common in the state of Santa Catarina as a whole, compared to the other heritages individually. Perhaps, but it's concentrated along the coast, with an "island" around Lages. In the rest of the state it may be not the majority. This is at least my perception.
But of course, some people (and areas) are related in an important way to more than one ethnicity, which may complicate these "perceptions".
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