Origin of the Basques

Davidtab has clearly explained what the spaniards feel. We have simply been amazed at the low percentage of African blood that we have. These are the percentages of the last published work

*Target-------------------------- Iberian IA Roman North African
Zuberoa-SOU- 0.873 0.127 0.000
Lapurdi Nafarroa-NLA- 0.850 0.150 0.000
Bearn-BEA- 0.777 0.223 0.000
Bigorre-BIG- 0.745 0.255 0.000
Chalosse-CHA- 0.823 0.177 0.000
Alava-ALA 0.853 0.147 0.000
Vizcaya-BBA- 0.903 0.097 0.000
Vizcaya Occidental-BOC- 0.668 0.332 0.000
Guipuzcoa Sudoccidental- 0.917 0.083 0.000
Guipuzcoa Central-GUI- 0.881 0.119 0.000
Navarra-Central- 0.793 0.207 0.000
Navarra-Noroccidental- 0.860 0.140 0.000
Roncal-RON- 0.908 0.092 0.000
Burgos-BUR- 0.618 0.382 0.000
Cantabria-CAN- 0.541 0.459 0.000
Aragón-NAR- 0.730 0.270 0.000
Aragón- 0.614 0.386 0.000
Rioja-RIO- 0.660 0.340 0.000
Pirineos- 0.555 0.445 0.000
Gerona- 0.575 0.425 0.000
Lérida- 0.564 0.436 0.000
Barcelonés- 0.628 0.369 0.003 (0.3%)
Peri_Barcelona- 0.532 0.468 0.000
Campo de Tarragona- 0.547 0.453 0.000
Castellón- 0.645 0.355 0.000
Tierras del Ebro- 0.612 0.385 0.003 (0.3%)
Ibiza- 0.433 0.562 0.005 (0.5%)
Mallorca- 0.462 0.538 0.000
Menorca- 0.524 0.474 0.002 (0.2%)
Valencia- 0.555 0.441 0.004 (0.4%)
Alicante- 0.508 0.483 0.009 (0.9%)
Andalucia- 0.492 0.469 0.038 (3.8%)
Castilla-La Mancha- 0.531 0.453 0.015 (1.5%)
Castilla y León- 0.444 0.521 0.035 (3.5%)
Extremadura- 0.534 0.407 0.059 (5.9%)
Galicia- 0.478 0.464 0.058 (5.8%)
Murcia- 0.439 0.520 0.042 (4.2%)

The funniest thing about it is that many self-conscious European and South American rednecks use this data because they think it hurts us. Nothing is further from reality. As you have been able to verify in the eastern and northern half of the peninsula the percentages are 0.000, and in the rest the percentages are so small that they can be considered as something exotic in our genome and of course this does not affect our phenotype because a Basque or a Galician cannot be distinguished from an Andalusian or a Valencian

The only explanation for these percentages in Galicia, León and Extremadura is the resettlement of Moors after the rebellion of the Alpujarras (I have seen many marriage certificates from the 16th century where priests refer to the Moorish past of those people)
 
View attachment 12623

We have always thought that we are more similar to Italians than French, but clearly this is not the case.
 
Hap-Y R1b R1a I1 I2a I2b G T N Q J2 J1 E1b1b
Irlanda- 81,0 2,5 6,0 1,0 5,0 1,0 x x x 1,0 x 2,0
España- 69,0 2,0 1,5 4,5 1,0 3,0 2,5 x x 8,0 1,5 7,0
Inglaterra- 67,0 4,5 14,0 2,5 4,5 1,5 0,5 x 0,5 3,5 x 2,0
Francia- 58,0 3,0 8,5 3,0 3,5 5,5 1,0 x 0,5 6,0 1,5 7,5
Portugal- 56,0 1,5 2,0 1,5 3,0 6.5 2,5 x 0,5 9,5 3,0 14,0
Alemania- 45,0 16,0 16,0 1,5 4,5 5,0 1,0 1,0 0,5 4,5 x 5,5
Islandia- 42,0 23,0 29,0 x 4,0 x x 1,0 1,0 x x x
Italia- 39,0 4,0 4,5 3,0 2,5 9,0 2,5 x x 15,5 3,0 13,5


Sardinia- 18,50 1,0 x 37,5 2,0 12,0 1,50 x x 9,0 4,0 9,50
Basque C - 85,0 x 0,5 5,0 x 1,5 x x 0,5 2,5 0,5 2,5

Another of the funny surprises of Olalde's paper is that E1b (in addition to a sample in Catalonia-Cardial Culture, and the sample published by Olalde) entered Iberia with the Visigoths who surely acquired that marker in their migrations through the Balkans. later evidently with the Moors that percentage increased to current levels

It could be that we find more cases in the Neolithic, because the culture of Michelsberg (France) has many cases of E1b
 
View attachment 12623

We have always thought that we are more similar to Italians than French, but clearly this is not the case.

Both Spaniards and Portuguese do not look similar in appearance to the French, with the exception of the South-Western French. The Spanish and Portuguese have more WHG than the Italians but Spanish and Portuguese do not have Steppe like the French.


Hap-Y R1b R1a I1 I2a I2b G T N Q J2 J1 E1b1b
Irlanda- 81,0 2,5 6,0 1,0 5,0 1,0 x x x 1,0 x 2,0
España- 69,0 2,0 1,5 4,5 1,0 3,0 2,5 x x 8,0 1,5 7,0
Inglaterra- 67,0 4,5 14,0 2,5 4,5 1,5 0,5 x 0,5 3,5 x 2,0
Francia- 58,0 3,0 8,5 3,0 3,5 5,5 1,0 x 0,5 6,0 1,5 7,5
Portugal- 56,0 1,5 2,0 1,5 3,0 6.5 2,5 x 0,5 9,5 3,0 14,0
Alemania- 45,0 16,0 16,0 1,5 4,5 5,0 1,0 1,0 0,5 4,5 x 5,5
Islandia- 42,0 23,0 29,0 x 4,0 x x 1,0 1,0 x x x
Italia- 39,0 4,0 4,5 3,0 2,5 9,0 2,5 x x 15,5 3,0 13,5


Sardinia- 18,50 1,0 x 37,5 2,0 12,0 1,50 x x 9,0 4,0 9,50
Basque C - 85,0 x 0,5 5,0 x 1,5 x x 0,5 2,5 0,5 2,5

Another of the funny surprises of Olalde's paper is that E1b (in addition to a sample in Catalonia-Cardial Culture, and the sample published by Olalde) entered Iberia with the Visigoths who surely acquired that marker in their migrations through the Balkans. later evidently with the Moors that percentage increased to current levels

It could be that we find more cases in the Neolithic, because the culture of Michelsberg (France) has many cases of E1b


What is this data supposed to prove? R1b has been in Europe since the Mesolithic period.
 
Both Spaniards and Portuguese do not look similar in appearance to the French, with the exception of the South-Western French. The Spanish and Portuguese have more WHG than the Italians but Spanish and Portuguese do not have Steppe like the French.
What is this data supposed to prove? R1b has been in Europe since the Mesolithic period.


I was not talking about physical appearance, but about the unipersonal markers and autosomal components. Regarding these data, if you look at the PCA that I have sent you will realize that the Spaniards are closer to the French (which is normal given the geographical proximity)-And obviously southern France is more similar to us than northern France.

What these data prove is the difference between the male markers of Italy and Spain, and more specifically between Sardinia and the Basque Country. They mean that we are much less alike than we thought despite being all southern Europeans. Even our R1b is different, because although they are brother lineages the Italians are U152 and we Df27 (In France there are also good percentages of this marker).

What surprises us, is what DavidTab said. How is it possible that the Romans left so little genetic influence in Hispania after five centuries, or how is it possible that Granada has such a small percentage of E1b after seven centuries of Muslim domination. The Reconquista, the repopulation of the south, the expulsion of Jews and Moors and the laws of purity of blood are the explanation.

Has anyone studied which are the HapY brought by the Romans to Spain? - We know that the Greeks from Ampurias were J, but I do not know what current Spanish lineages can be related to the Italians.
 
"Both Spaniards and Portuguese do not look similar in appearance to the French, with the exception of the South-Western French"... sorry... what?? hahaha... of course we look like similar... I have been a lot of times in France and the people is very similar in appearence, the only thing you can feel when you travel across Europe is a GRADUAL up or down in the eyes colour and skin capaticity of been tanned by the sun as long as you go travelling... and another thing... you must compare skin colour (for example) only between November and March, when in South Europe we are much less tanned by the sun. I have been living in Ireland a lot of years ago, the difference was only the percentage of light coloured eyes and their almost incapacity of being tanned by the sun. Perhaps the only appearence differences in Europe is you can find much more appearence variety between southerners than between northerners.

Gaska: Angel Carracedo determinated that the entrance of berber genetics in western part of Iberians was only between 860 and 1120, and from people very similar to actual West Sahara Berbers (saharauis), so Alpujarras could not be a possibility (and I hardly believe Alpujarras muslims finally expelled from Castille were extremely similar to actual Spaniards in genetic terms). The question is an amazing question and it would be very interesting in the next years to find how exactly happened and where, because it seems in Galicia, for example, northerners have not this ancestry and southerners and northern portugueses yes.

Another thing is, for example, it is known Lugo was repopulated in 740-750 by Odoario, who left Lugo and stayed in Maghreb like christian bishop, and came back in 740 with people he brought from there.

In 1120 Reconquista was almost ended in Portugal, and over 860 Leon Kingdom was in the line of:
Braga, Tuy, Astorga, Le?n, Amaya, Briviesca, Miranda, Oporto, Simancas y Zamora
 
"Has anyone studied which are the HapY brought by the Romans to Spain?" Perhaps mine, J2-L283, is one of them.
 
@Moesan

Helladic streams since 2.500 BC? I have no idea what you are talking about, Greek colonies appear in the Iron Age.
And evidently genetic homogeneity, there are a lot of papers that speak of genetic continuity in Iberia with respect to its uniparental markers (the males since the Chalcolithic, the females some since the Paleolithic and the rest since the Neolithic). Iberia is a very boring region genetically speaking (at least until the arrival of the Celts, Greeks and Romans).

I don't remember where I read this. It's maybe a too much extrapolation by someone. But it seems that Eastern Mediterranean influences have been at play in Southern Iberia, (not in Basque country), at Bronze, showing some ties with Greece, or Egea, or Anatolia, maybe from an earlier common influence, at least concerning sepultures. At a general level, according to some anthropologists like Charles, a new type or a new averaging of types from Greece and surroundings (a southern mix rather mediterranean-like roughly said) become denser and denser since Chalco to Bronze in Western Mediterranea regions (Iberia, Italy, France). It doesn't ressemble the 'dinaroids', not too common among BB's of Iberia ('dinaroids' very more denser in West-Central Europe BB settlements). I have no idea of the culture(S) of these people in S-E Iberia. People partially different than the Chalco ones of Northern Italy, these ones apparently a mixed population described as 'balkano-mediterraneans' which intruded into there (from Croatia?).
It's just to justify myself. Sorry for the vagueness. I don't find too much genetic data helas about this southern Iberia Bronze.
 
I add it seems the Bronze in Iberia weakened after the collapse in Eastern Mediterranea; surely it marks the break down of dense enough commrcial an human relations beween both regions at those times? But I have only vague knowledge about archeology here.
 
@Gaska
you wrote: first DF27
*EHU002 El Hundido (2.434 BC)-- HapY-R1b-P312-Mit-K1a4/a1-BB burial-Oval pit in the corridor of a dolmen-Male+45 years, 1,85 m, fetal position in right lateral decubitus and with NO-SE orientation-Grave goods- Ciempozuelos style vessel, copper dagger, V perforated button-
*EHU001/UE 750-El Hundido (2.413 BC)-HapY-R1b-L51-Mit-U5a1/b1-

The three BB’s of El Hundido (only two with Y-haplo in your doc) are supposed to date roughly said between 2400-2200 BC if I read well. They have Ciempozuelos pots, and other artefacts evocating Ebro Valley and even one evocating Brittany, not surprising for mobile BB’s ; they were tall (one 1m83, another 1m76) and rather brachycephalic with broad mandibles and heavy enough skeletons, strong muscular traces (so more on the ‘borreby’ side of N-W Europe than to the typical ‘dinaric’ ; to check it we lack the occiput shape ; ATW they are more on the side of N-NW BB’s than to the mean of Iberia BB’s.

Of importance for your concept of continuity: their tombs are reuses of collective tombs, with a span of time of 500 years between them !
It spites me there is no auDNA data in this paper.
concerning the two ones with mtDNA, the mt-K1a4 one is common allover Europe and surroundings since Neolithic, even if dense at Iberia neolithic, and the mt-U5a1 ou U5a1b1 are found in more than a place in Europe, not specially linked to Maykop; it just marks an eastern origin foreign to ancient Iberia.
 
I add it seems the Bronze in Iberia weakened after the collapse in Eastern Mediterranea; surely it marks the break down of dense enough commrcial an human relations beween both regions at those times? But I have only vague knowledge about archeology here.

Perhaps when you refer to eastern Mediterranean influences you mean El Argar culture, because archaeologists have always thought that there was some kind of influence from that region. This is the last work presented on that culture. The genetic study of more than 65 individuals will be presented this year, although I do not think there are many novelties (overwhelmingly Df27), the poorest burials have also been studied to discover if the social hierarchy was related to the different male lineages. It seems that this culture also collapsed with the climate change of the age of the Brone.

In any case, trade with the Levant took place since the Chalcolithic period, because part of the ivory found in the cultures of southern Iberia (Vilanova de San Pedro, Los Millares) was Asian and could only reach Iberia from Syria or Iran

+Emblems and spaces of power during the Argaric Bronze Age at La Almoloya, Murcia-V.Llul, Cristina Rihuete, Roberto Risch (2.021)- The recent discovery of an exceptionally rich grave at La Almoloya in south-eastern Spain illuminates the political context of Early Bronze Age El Argar society

https://www.cambridge.org/core/jour...oloya-murcia/B27A3C7AD23625DD39C6D4F2C3981C2F


Regarding El Hundido, the connections with Brittany are scarce but evident-Palmela point with wide peduncle of rectangular section more typical of daggers of the Moelan-Brittany type, double-pointed awl with square section type Fontbouisse) What we do not know is the direction of the migrations because the international ceramic type of Brittany has Iberian origin. The dating is very clear and the archaeologist in charge of the excavation has confirmed it personally
*EHU001-Datación C14 (Carmen Alonso-2.013)-Tumba I (Muestra de hueso)-(3.933-CSIC 1996) que calibrada- (2.492-2.334 cal BC-84%)- (2.413 AC)-
*EHU002/UE 450: 2562–2306 cal BCE (3933±32 BP, CSIC-1896)- (2.434 AC)-

In fact EHU002 is the second oldest P312 in Europe after Osterhofen.
 
"Both Spaniards and Portuguese do not look similar in appearance to the French, with the exception of the South-Western French"... sorry... what?? hahaha... of course we look like similar... I have been a lot of times in France and the people is very similar in appearence, the only thing you can feel when you travel across Europe is a GRADUAL up or down in the eyes colour and skin capaticity of been tanned by the sun as long as you go travelling... and another thing... you must compare skin colour (for example) only between November and March, when in South Europe we are much less tanned by the sun. I have been living in Ireland a lot of years ago, the difference was only the percentage of light coloured eyes and their almost incapacity of being tanned by the sun. Perhaps the only appearence differences in Europe is you can find much more appearence variety between southerners than between northerners.

Gaska: Angel Carracedo determinated that the entrance of berber genetics in western part of Iberians was only between 860 and 1120, and from people very similar to actual West Sahara Berbers (saharauis), so Alpujarras could not be a possibility (and I hardly believe Alpujarras muslims finally expelled from Castille were extremely similar to actual Spaniards in genetic terms). The question is an amazing question and it would be very interesting in the next years to find how exactly happened and where, because it seems in Galicia, for example, northerners have not this ancestry and southerners and northern portugueses yes.

Another thing is, for example, it is known Lugo was repopulated in 740-750 by Odoario, who left Lugo and stayed in Maghreb like christian bishop, and came back in 740 with people he brought from there.

In 1120 Reconquista was almost ended in Portugal, and over 860 Leon Kingdom was in the line of:
Braga, Tuy, Astorga, Le�n, Amaya, Briviesca, Miranda, Oporto, Simancas y Zamora

Interesting summary.
 
"Both Spaniards and Portuguese do not look similar in appearance to the French, with the exception of the South-Western French"... sorry... what?? hahaha... of course we look like similar... I have been a lot of times in France and the people is very similar in appearence, the only thing you can feel when you travel across Europe is a GRADUAL up or down in the eyes colour and skin capaticity of been tanned by the sun as long as you go travelling... and another thing... you must compare skin colour (for example) only between November and March, when in South Europe we are much less tanned by the sun. I have been living in Ireland a lot of years ago, the difference was only the percentage of light coloured eyes and their almost incapacity of being tanned by the sun. Perhaps the only appearence differences in Europe is you can find much more appearence variety between southerners than between northerners.

Iberians look on average straight southern European, Irish people and French people do not. There are many foreigners in France, including many migrants of Iberian origin. French do not, on average, have that Mediterranean appearance that both Spaniards and Portuguese seem to be ashamed of in forums. Just look at the Spanish mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo, or at the French actor of Spanish ancestry Jean Reno. You can clearly see that they are not of French ancestry.
 
Iberians look on average straight southern European, Irish people and French people do not. There are many foreigners in France, including many migrants of Iberian origin. French do not, on average, have that Mediterranean appearance that both Spaniards and Portuguese seem to be ashamed of in forums. Just look at the Spanish mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo, or at the French actor of Spanish ancestry Jean Reno. You can clearly see that they are not of French ancestry.


it is cool for some iberians that they cluster with this etruscan dude :cool-v:
R474
- Etruscan - Civitavecchia
salento posted his gedmatch kit in another thread (y)

AF1464717

K13 Oracle ref data revised 21 Nov 2013

Admix Results (sorted):

#PopulationPercent
1North_Atlantic36.79
2West_Med25.23
3East_Med16.98
4Baltic12.19
5West_Asian5.29
6Red_Sea1.57


Finished reading population data. 204 populations found.
13 components mode.

--------------------------------

Least-squares method.

Using 1 population approximation:
1 Portuguese @ 5.355760
2 Spanish_Extremadura @ 5.974457
3 North_Italian @ 6.21926
 
it is cool for some iberians that they cluster with this etruscan dude :cool-v:
R474
- Etruscan - Civitavecchia
salento posted his gedmatch kit in another thread (y)

Yes, R474 clusters in an area between Iberians and northern Italians.
 
Of course we look like southern europeans because we are southern europeans. This is a fact, but you can not distinguish a pure french from Lyon of a pure iberian from Santander, for example, and this is a fact as well. In a good amount of cases you will be able to distinguish a pure french from El Havre of a pure iberian from Valencia. And in a lot of cases, you will be able to distinguish a pure French from Metz of a pure Iberian from the Algarve. It?s the question I was talking about... gradient, Europe is a continuous gradient from West to East and from North to South in the appearence of people, and that?s the reason you can not say "French don?t look like Iberians", I am European, I travel across Europe, I lived in different places in Europe and simply: this is not true.

About "shame"... I have no idea what are you talking about. I am only talking about facts. Why could I be "ashamed" for? I don?t undersand you, please tell me.
 
Iberians look on average straight southern European, Irish people and French people do not. There are many foreigners in France, including many migrants of Iberian origin. French do not, on average, have that Mediterranean appearance that both Spaniards and Portuguese seem to be ashamed of in forums. Just look at the Spanish mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo, or at the French actor of Spanish ancestry Jean Reno. You can clearly see that they are not of French ancestry.

Do you have something to say about the origin of the Basques and the other Iberians or are you going to limit yourself to saying stupid things? I wouldn't want this thread to turn into some kind of discussion like the Apricity. Usually people who talk about these things are due to ignorance or because they have traveled little.
 
Of course we look like southern europeans because we are southern europeans. This is a fact, but you can not distinguish a pure french from Lyon of a pure iberian from Santander, for example, and this is a fact as well. In a good amount of cases you will be able to distinguish a pure french from El Havre of a pure iberian from Valencia. And in a lot of cases, you will be able to distinguish a pure French from Metz of a pure Iberian from the Algarve. It�s the question I was talking about... gradient, Europe is a continuous gradient from West to East and from North to South in the appearence of people, and that�s the reason you can not say "French don�t look like Iberians", I am European, I travel across Europe, I lived in different places in Europe and simply: this is not true.

About "shame"... I have no idea what are you talking about. I am only talking about facts. Why could I be "ashamed" for? I don�t undersand you, please tell me.

Please don't get into that kind of discussion, it's not worth wasting a second of our time.
 
@ Moesan

I'm going to give you an example of genetic continuity in Iberia. In this case it refers to the Castilian plateau. We have many samples from Chalcolithic and Bronze Age, all of them P312/Df27. The BB culture (2.800-1.800 BC) gave rise to the culture of Las Cogotas (1.800-900 BC), this culture originated Soto de Medinilla Culture which in turn is the culture that gave rise to vacceos, vettones and astures (Iron Age).

*EHU002 (2.434 AC)-El Hundido, Burgos-Cultura Campaniforme-HapY-R1b-P312-Df27-Hap Mit-K1a4/a1
*EHU001 (2.165 AC)-El Hundido, Burgos-Cultura Campaniforme-HapY-R1b-L51-Hap Mit-U5a1/b1
*I5665 (2.133 AC)-Pago del Virgazal, Burgos-Cultura Campaniforme-HapY-R1b-P312-Hap Mit-K1a24/a
*VAD001 (1.741 AC)-Valdescusa, La Rioja-Cultura Campaniforme-HapY-R1b-Df27-Z225-Hap Mit-U5b1
*I6470 (1.651 AC)-Pago del Virgazal, Burgos-Bronce Antiguo-HapY-R1b-DF27-ZZ12-Hap Mit-J1c1
*VAD005 (1.644 AC)-Valdescusa, La Rioja-Bronce Antiguo Meseta-HapY-R1b-L52-Hap Mit-J2b1/a2
*VAD002 (1.608 AC)-Valdescusa, La Rioja-Bronce Antiguo-HapY-R1b1a/1a-CTS5082-Hap Mit-J2b1/a2
*I1840 (1.557 AC)-El Sotillo, Álava-Bronce Antiguo-HapY-R1b-L52-Haplogrupo Mitocondrial-H3ap
*I2472 (1.515 AC)-El Sotillo (Álava) Bronce Antiguo-HapY-R1b-P311-Haplogrupo Mitocondrial-K1a@195
*Esp005 (1.500 AC)-Cueva de los Lagos, La Rioja-Cultura de las Cogotas I-HapY-R1b-DF27-Hap Mit-K1a
*I3492 (1.500 AC)-Los Tordillos, Salamanca-Cogotas I-HapY-R1b-M269-Hap Mit-U5b1@16189@16912
*VAD004 (1.464 AC)-Valdescusa, La Rioja-Cultura de las Cogotas I-HapY-R1b-L151-Hap Mit-J1c3
*I2470 (1.321 AC)-El Sotillo, Álava-Cultura de las Cogotas I- HapY-R1b-P312-Hap Mit-J2a1/a1
*I12209 (1.289 AC)-La Requejada, Valladolid-Cultura de las Cogotas-I-HapY-R1b-DF27-Hap Mit-H1ah

Unlike the Iberians of Andalusia, Castilla-La Mancha, the Mediterranean coast, the Ebro valley, the Pyrenees and the south of France, these peoples seem to speak Indo-European languages. We have to analyze their genomes because Olalde did not take a single sample in his paper on Iberia. If they turn out to be Df27 and it is shown that they spoke an IE language, then the linguistic panorama in Iberia will be even more complicated, because we are seeing the same genetic continuity as in the eastern half of the peninsula. and yet they would speak different languages.

Something similar would happen in France. Iff the genomes of the Aquitaine peoples or the people of the Iron Age in Occitania were analyzed and they all also happen to be P312, then why did they speak Iberian and Basque?

In Italy, we would have a similar problem, because if the Etruscans happen to be also descendants of the BBs from northern Italy (P312), then because why they spoke Etruscan which is a non-Indo-European language?. We also have Latin genomes and some of them are U152 and Z2103, ergo the same would happen in Italy as in Spain, that is, genetically very similar peoples speaking different languages.
 
Honestly, I don't get the big deal here. If the question is whether the downstream R1b lineages came from the east starting around 3000 BC, the answer is clear; yes, they did. Whether R1b lineages related to far distant V88 were present in western Europe earlier is irrelevant.

It's also irrelevant to that question whether some admixed groups of locals mixed with steppe arrivals continued to speak the local language. Things were in flux for hundreds of years no doubt.

All that is needed is to look at the autosomal signature. To imply that internationally renowned labs are hiding evidence of the fact that some down stream RIB samples don't have steppe ancestry is ludicrous. Does anyone seriously think they'd jeopardize their reputation and careers over such stupidity?

So far as I know, all papers produced by the Reich Lab or with which they are associated release the raw data. Download it and analyze the admixture or stop libeling them. Write to Olalde himself and ask for the analysis or where to get access to the raw data. They're usually very accommodating.

I've let this run on, but my patience comes to an end when discussions go to these looney lengths and libel is being implied.
 

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