The Black Rat in European History

Angela

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See:
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.14.439553v1

"[h=2]Abstract[/h][FONT=&quot]The distribution of the black rat (Rattus rattus) has been heavily influenced by its association with humans. The dispersal history of this non-native commensal rodent across Europe, however, remains poorly understood, and different introductions may have occurred during the Roman and medieval periods. Here, in order to reconstruct the population history of European black rats, we generated a de novo genome assembly of the black rat, 67 ancient black rat mitogenomes and 36 ancient nuclear genomes from sites spanning the 1st-17th centuries CE in Europe and North Africa. Analyses of mitochondrial DNA confirm that black rats were introduced into the Mediterranean and Europe from Southwest Asia. Genomic analyses of the ancient rats reveal a population turnover in temperate Europe between the 6th and 10th centuries CE, coincident with an archaeologically attested decline in the black rat population. The near disappearance and re-emergence of black rats in Europe may have been the result of the breakdown of the Roman Empire, the First Plague Pandemic, and/or post-Roman climatic cooling."[/FONT]
 
We have to bear in mind that rats are among the very few species that prosper alongside human settlements.
The collapse of cities caused by the social breakdown of Rome, may well have made collapsed rat's populations.
 
We have to bear in mind that rats are among the very few species that prosper alongside human settlements.
The collapse of cities caused by the social breakdown of Rome, may well have made collapsed rat's populations.

You're right, but rats and other rodents also do less well in the cold, so perhaps it was a confluence of factors.

Despite this decline, they were certainly present in medieval European cities, or "The Black Death" wouldn't have been possible.

Also, there's a very good book on the Justinian Plague called "Justinian's Flea"; I recommend it.
 

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