Johane Derite
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I am far more skeptical about Brnjica being the Dardanian culture given that the Dardanian Kingdom (~400s BC) of the balkans are first attested far later than when the Brnjica culture was around.
When I first argued for Brnjica - Dardanian connection I wasn't appreciating well enough this big time difference.
Lazic ("Who were the dardani") argues for example that the earliest signs of Brnjica begin in middle bronze age, and Brnjica culture ends with the introduction of Chanelled ware.
So in his model Chanelled ware is disruptive and the continuity of Brnjica ends with the entry of chanelled ware into Brnjica regions around ~1100BC.
Lazic argues that in Kosovo around the 700s-600s BC a new culture of low mounds with cremations, and new pottery made with dented tool. This culture is argued to be from lower danube and eastern balkans.
So in the Balkan regions, according to his model we have at least three different contendants:
1. Brnjica Culture (middle bronze age to late bronze age)
2. Channeled Ware (late bronze age to Iron age)
3. Low mounds/dented ware (starting 700s BC)
And this is not taking into account the well documented:
4. Glasinac-Mati-Drini complex (which was present at least in western Kosovo regions.)
Also, this is just one persons model, Rastko Vasic for example argues that Brnjica has continuity and did not die out.
So we possibly have at least four different cultures that might be source of the Dardani, but it is even possible that none of them is, we have to be skeptical to know for sure.
We know for sure however that the Dardani existed, and that they were connected to the anatolian Dardanoi from the Trojan sagas.
These are the estimated borders of the Dardanian kingdom in the balkans, and also the later roman province of Dardania. The Romans claimed Romus and Remulus had partial ancestry from the Dardanoi via Aeneas, so that they would allow a province to be named Dardania is not meaningless.
When I first argued for Brnjica - Dardanian connection I wasn't appreciating well enough this big time difference.
Lazic ("Who were the dardani") argues for example that the earliest signs of Brnjica begin in middle bronze age, and Brnjica culture ends with the introduction of Chanelled ware.
So in his model Chanelled ware is disruptive and the continuity of Brnjica ends with the entry of chanelled ware into Brnjica regions around ~1100BC.
Lazic argues that in Kosovo around the 700s-600s BC a new culture of low mounds with cremations, and new pottery made with dented tool. This culture is argued to be from lower danube and eastern balkans.
So in the Balkan regions, according to his model we have at least three different contendants:
1. Brnjica Culture (middle bronze age to late bronze age)
2. Channeled Ware (late bronze age to Iron age)
3. Low mounds/dented ware (starting 700s BC)
And this is not taking into account the well documented:
4. Glasinac-Mati-Drini complex (which was present at least in western Kosovo regions.)
Also, this is just one persons model, Rastko Vasic for example argues that Brnjica has continuity and did not die out.
So we possibly have at least four different cultures that might be source of the Dardani, but it is even possible that none of them is, we have to be skeptical to know for sure.
We know for sure however that the Dardani existed, and that they were connected to the anatolian Dardanoi from the Trojan sagas.
These are the estimated borders of the Dardanian kingdom in the balkans, and also the later roman province of Dardania. The Romans claimed Romus and Remulus had partial ancestry from the Dardanoi via Aeneas, so that they would allow a province to be named Dardania is not meaningless.