Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in the modern Caucasus

torzio

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https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-97519-6#Tab1

[h=1]Landscape genetics and the genetic legacy of Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in the modern Caucasus[/h]
This study clarifies the role of refugia and landscape permeability in the formation of the current genetic structure of peoples of the Caucasus. We report novel genome-wide data for modern individuals from the Caucasus, and analyze them together with available Paleolithic and Mesolithic individuals from Eurasia and Africa in order (1) to link the current and ancient genetic structures via landscape permeability, and (2) thus to identify movement paths between the ancient refugial populations and the Caucasus. The ancient genetic ancestry is best explained by landscape permeability implying that human movement is impeded by terrain ruggedness, swamps, glaciers and desert. Major refugial source populations for the modern Caucasus are those of the Caucasus, Anatolia, the Balkans and Siberia. In Rugged areas new genetic signatures take a long time to form, but once they do so, they remain for a long time. These areas act as time capsules harboring genetic signatures of ancient source populations and making it possible to help reconstruct human history based on patterns of variation today.
 
Thanks for sharing (y)
41598_2021_97519_Fig1_HTML.png




From the pdf :
The first and second PCA axes (Supplementary Fig. S2) showed a clear gradient from northeastern Anatolia (Kartvelian-speaking Laz communities) to the northern (Balkar, Karachay and Chechen communities) and northeastern (Kartvelian-speaking Tush and Khevsur) Caucasus. Populations occurring south of the main ridge of the Greater Caucasus were more closely related to each other than the northern populations were to each other. The northern populations showed two distinct clusters: the northeastern cluster of Kartvelian speakers (KHEVS, TUSH) and the northern cluster of Northeast-Caucasian and Turkic speakers (CHCHN, BLK, KRCH). Projecting the ancient populations onto the first two PCA axes generated a similar gradient, where the ancient populations of Anatolia and Levant were positioned opposite of the ancient Siberia and Europe. These gradients had the ancient populations of Levant-Anatolia and the modern populations of NE Anatolia at one end, and the ancient populations of Siberia and Europe and the modern populations of northern Caucasus at the other end. The ancient Caucasian hunter-gatherers fell within the variation of present-day Kartvelian speakers SVN and SMG. Ancient Anatolians and Levantines fell within the variation of southern Kartvelian speakers (MSKH) and Armenian speakers (ARM). Ancient Siberians and Europeans were closer to populations north of the Greater Caucasus main ridge (Chechens, Balkars and Karachays).
 
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@kingjohn

Balkar ( north caucasus )..............my very first #1 admixture for me, by DNA Tribes in 2012 ...............:shocked:
 
@kingjohn

Balkar ( north caucasus )..............my very first #1 admixture for me, by DNA Tribes in 2012 ...............:shocked:



the samples they used for this research

[h=1]Table 1 Modern study populations of the Caucasus. Latitude and longitude georeference population hubs.[/h]From: Landscape genetics and the genetic legacy of Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in the modern Caucasus
Abbreviation of population nameSample sizePopulation hubCountryEthnic/subethnic groupLongitudeLatitudeLinguistic family
AJAR3KedaGeorgiaGeorgian/Adjara41.9415141.59755Kartvelian
ARM6ErzurumTurkeyArmenian41.2618139.95971Indo-European
BLK4BezengiRussiaBalkar43.2864443.21567Turkic
CHCHN6ShaliRussiaChechen45.9018843.14471Northeast Caucasian
IMR5KutaisiGeorgiaGeorgian/Imereti42.7070342.26331Kartvelian
KAKH5TelaviGeorgiaGeorgian/Kakheti45.4779241.92137Kartvelian
KHEVS4BarisakhoGeorgiaGeorgian/Khevsureti44.923542.47339Kartvelian
KRCH3KarachayevskRussiaKarachay41.909643.76891Turkic
KRT6GoriGeorgiaGeorgian/Kartli44.1085541.98558Kartvelian
LAZ13ArhaviTurkeyLaz41.3192941.31664Kartvelian
MSKH5AkhaltsikheGeorgiaGeorgian/Meskheti42.9819941.62398Kartvelian
SMG5ZugdidiGeorgiaGeorgian/Samegrelo41.8662442.49668Kartvelian
SVN7MestiaGeorgiaGeorgian/Svaneti42.7235843.04344Kartvelian
TUSH5OmaloGeorgiaGeorgian/Tusheti45.6301842.37898Kartvelian



 

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