Hawk
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Let me quote wikipedia for basic informations:
It is usually believed that the so called Enchelei or Sesarethi known as the first Illyrians who created a state were representatives of the Trebeniste Culture. In an upcoming seminar the lead Macedonian archeologist Pasko Kuzman will reveal more of their material culture, in an abstract he represents a bit.
So, it appears that the elite tombs used cremation on a pyre with beneath having a mound-like tumuli tomb, a similar burial is explained by Homer in his Iliad when he wrongly attributed to Achaeans something which was not true of course since even the historical classical age Achaeans continued the earlier Mycenean tradition of burial customs and cremation on a pyre was not it. It was more of a newer Greek tribes who practiced it (Dorians, Ionians, Aeolians, with other burial customs of course).
The golden mask bears similarity with the so called Agamemnon mask.
and the founder of Thracian Odrysian kingdom, golden mask of King Teres.
Once, during Early Iron Age they extended their power down to Greek Macedonia. The members of so called Trebeniste Culture appear to have wear the Illyrian type of helmet. The Enchelei/Sesarethi although were already part of history during classical time it looks like once upon a time were a very powerful tribe during Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age transition who were still in memory of the surrounding people.
(From Pella Macedonia, obviously these helmets, swords, and gold decorations are part of Trebeniste Culture and Enchelei/Sesarethi intruders there).
So, were they Illyrian, Thracian, or a separate entity, very distantly related to either Illyrians or Thracians?
Trebeništa (Macedonian: Требеништа) is an ancient necropolis dating from the Iron Age, i.e. around the 7th century BC.[1] The site is located near Trebeništa in modern-day North Macedonia.[1] It is believed that the necropolis was used by the people from the ancient town of Lychnidos. Whether product of Illyrian,[2]Thracian, or a mixed Thraco-Aegean civilization,[3] its characteristics suggests some cultural continuity throughout a wide area, despite there lived different tribes.[4]
Modern discovery[edit]
Trebeništa was discovered by Bulgarian soldiers during World War I Bulgarian occupation of Kingdom of Serbia in 1918. The Bulgarian government sent the archaeologist Karel Škorpil to organize excavations. The artifacts were later researched by the archaeologist Bogdan Filov. Since then, large amounts of graves, five golden masks,[5] and some iron earrings and plates have been found. The excavations continued in 1930-1934, 1953-1954 and 1972 in Yugoslavia. The finds are housed now in the Archaeological Museums in Ohrid, Sofia and Belgrade.
A number of artifacts excavated in the necropolis are said to be imported from ancient Greece while the rest are of a local Thracian-barbarian origin with Greek influences.[3] Archeological findings include a bronze Krater, a Corinthian helmet, Illyrian type helmets[6] and golden funeral masks reminiscent of Aegean culture.[3]
A corrupt passage from Greek historian Strabo suggests that the Thraco-Illyrian tribe of Peresadyes and the Illyrian tribe of the Enchelei allied to create a new state in the area of modern Ohrid. If that suggestion is correct then the royal cemetery located in the necropolis is that of the Peresadyes.[1]
A golden mask from Trebeništa is depicted on the obverse of the 500 Macedonian denar banknote, issued in 1996 and 2003.[7]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trebeništa
It is usually believed that the so called Enchelei or Sesarethi known as the first Illyrians who created a state were representatives of the Trebeniste Culture. In an upcoming seminar the lead Macedonian archeologist Pasko Kuzman will reveal more of their material culture, in an abstract he represents a bit.
Representations of Power – an ancient Macedonian Elite?
Pazko Kuzman
Enheleian Tibal Aristocracy from Lychnis. Archaic Tomb of Warriors from Gorna Porta in Ohrid
The discovery of the “Tombs of the Princes” in the Lychnidos area (“Trebeništa” 1918, 1930–1934 and Gorna Porta (Upper Gate) Ohrid, 2002) opened new view points in archaeological science (“Trebeništa” 1918), especially with the appearance of the golden ritual masks, with the same function a thousand years after the Mycenaean ones (Schliemann, 1876) and the archaeological discoveries at Gorna Porta-Ohrid confirming the fact that “Trebeništa” is not an exception in Lychnis. The archaic tomb constructions from the site Zabraneta Ledinka (Forbidden Meadow) at Gorna Porta offer valuable data on the funerary and eschatological beliefs and rituals of the people from the richer social layers who lived in this area.On this occasion, special attention is given to the Tomb of the Warriors (Tomb 1) in which 6 warriors were buried together with their complete military armor. The tomb (dimensions: 5.50 x 4.50 m) was built with a row of larger limestone blocks, and after the cremation burial it was filled with amorphous stones and earth, shaping a low mound-like structure. The pyre was set in the central part of the tomb, and around it, embedded and arranged in a specially brought lake sand, were the military attributes: 6 bronze helmets, 11 greaves, and 15 iron spears, with features suggesting some military subordination or simply warriors who have died in a battle being “the Leader and his comrades.”The tomb represents an initial base for discussions that would contribute to the further shedding of light about the individual “princes’ tombs” of the Trebeništa necropolis that are still insufficiently “illuminated”. This tomb construction is in close proximity to two more Late Archaic tombs: one with a cremated deceased person (Tomb 132) and the other with an inhumed deceased person – a child (Tomb 167) – a parallel occurrence of inhumation and cremation, which allows discussion for many other significant conclusions, compared to the results determined in other Archaic necropolises with similar funerary ritual approaches and similarly rich offerings discovered in the Balkans, more precisely those located along the old prehistoric Candavian road communication, and the future road from Antiquity – the Via Egnatia (along the Trebeništa necropolis near Ohrid and Petilep-Beranci near Bitola, Archontiko near Pella and Sindos near Thessaloniki).Specifically, given all the circumstances, our Tomb of the Warriors, we can say, represents an archaeological geyser of knowledge of the Enheleian (Engeleian) tribal community which inhabited the area of Lychnis at the time.https://pebasite.wordpress.com/peba-2020/representations-of-power-an-ancient-macedonian-elite/
So, it appears that the elite tombs used cremation on a pyre with beneath having a mound-like tumuli tomb, a similar burial is explained by Homer in his Iliad when he wrongly attributed to Achaeans something which was not true of course since even the historical classical age Achaeans continued the earlier Mycenean tradition of burial customs and cremation on a pyre was not it. It was more of a newer Greek tribes who practiced it (Dorians, Ionians, Aeolians, with other burial customs of course).
The golden mask bears similarity with the so called Agamemnon mask.
and the founder of Thracian Odrysian kingdom, golden mask of King Teres.
Once, during Early Iron Age they extended their power down to Greek Macedonia. The members of so called Trebeniste Culture appear to have wear the Illyrian type of helmet. The Enchelei/Sesarethi although were already part of history during classical time it looks like once upon a time were a very powerful tribe during Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age transition who were still in memory of the surrounding people.
(From Pella Macedonia, obviously these helmets, swords, and gold decorations are part of Trebeniste Culture and Enchelei/Sesarethi intruders there).
So, were they Illyrian, Thracian, or a separate entity, very distantly related to either Illyrians or Thracians?