Campanian finds of helmets and remains of a temple to Athena.

Angela

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The discoveries were made in Velia near Salerno in what is now Campania, but which used to be Lucania.

"The Velia Archaeological Site (Scavi di Velia) in Campania houses the remains of a Greek colony turned Roman municipality. Along with the better-known sites of the Certosa of Padula and Paestum, Velia is a part of this UNESCO World Heritage group that is lesser-known." It was founded by settlers from Ionia.

"
Italian Culture Minister Dario Franceschini said the remains dug up at the popular tourist site of Velia were found on what had been an acropolis of one of Magna Graecia’s most important cities. Velia is 40 kilometers (25 miles) southeast of Paestum, a much-visited site of ancient Greek temples.The recently completed excavation at Velia unearthed a pair of helmets in good condition, the remains of a building, vases with the Greek inscription for “sacred” and metal fragments of what possibly were weapons, the culture ministry said."

"Velia’s founding dates to about 540 B.C. by colonists from Asia Minor.


"Velia is famed for being the home of an ancient Greek school of philosophy, including philosophers Parmenides and Zeno. It was part of Magna Graecia, the area of southern Italy colonized by Greek city-states. The settlement at Velia occupied an upper part, or acropolis, of the area as well as hillsides, and was surrounded by a wall. The city’s ancient name was Elea."

https://omaha.com/ancient-helmets-t...cle_084d806a-83bc-11ec-a1b0-ebbd6322f3cd.html


"[FONT=&quot]Ancient Greeks may have left the items behind after the Battle of Alalia. Between 541 and 535 BCE, a fleet of
Phocaean s[FONT=&quot]hips—who had set up a colony, Alalia, on the island of Corsica—set sail on the nearby Tyrrhenian Sea to fend off attacks from neighboring Etruscan and Carthaginian forces, per the statement.[/FONT][/FONT]

An archaeologist works to free one of the helmets from the dig site. Courtesy of the Parco Archeologico di Paestum & Velia[FONT=&quot]Though the Greeks emerged victorious, the costly sea battle ultimately spurred the Phocaean colonists to leave Alalia and establish a colony closer to other Greek settlements along the southern coast of Italy. Settlers from Phocaea sailed for the mainland and purchased a plot of land that would eventually become Velia, according to the Guardian.[/FONT]
[FONT=&quot]Initial studies of the helmets reveal that one was designed in the Greek Chalcidian style, while the other helmet resembles the Negua headpieces typically worn by Etruscan warriors, per ANSA.The archaeologists suggest Greek soldiers might have stolen these helmets from conquered Etruscan troops during the Battle of Alalia, per the statement."
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smar...n Italy announced,the Associated Press (AP).

So, there seems to be some debate over wheter the settlers came from Phocaea or from the Ionian colonies in Asia Minor. Either way they were Ionic dialect speakers.

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Marvelous confirmation of what I was saying in the other thread. How the dialects show Aegean Islander/West Anatolian influence among the Greek colonies, in addition to the Mycenaean-like people, such as one from the upcoming paper.
 
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No need for the Imperial era to explain the arrival of this ancestry. It has been in Italy for at least centuries when Rome was just a village. If anything, I bet the presence in parts outside of the south began to ramp up after Rome incorporated Magna Graecia.
 
Hopefully they will find some ancient human remains from that time period. I think that would confirm what Jovialis is stating in post #3. Although, the study on ancient Campania might help with this since there were ancient Greek sites further North in Campania from the site near Salerno. For any WW2 buffs, Salerno was where US 5th Army forces landed on 3 September 1943.
 
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Marvelous confirm of what I was saying in the other thread. How the dialects show Aegean Islander/West Anatolian influence among the Greek colonies, in addition to the Mycenaean-like people, such as one from the upcoming paper.

Yes, I think that's highly relevant.

Many of the Greek City-States were founded by settlers from Euboea, Chalchis, Phokaia or Kolophon in Anatolia. The rest were from mostly from Achaia or Sparta in the Peloponnese.

This is a list of the 22 poleis (city states) in Italy, according to Mogens Herman Hansen.[9] It does not list all the Hellenic settlements, only those organised around a polis structure.
Ancient name(s)LocationModern name(s)Foundation dateMother city
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Founder(s)
Herakleia (Lucania)Basilicata(abandoned)433–432 BCTaras (and Thourioi)Un­known
HipponionCalabriaVibo Valentialate 7th century BCLokroi EpizephiroiUn­known
Hyele, or Elea, Velia (Roman name)Campania(abandoned)c.540–535 BCPhokaia, MassaliaRefugees from Alalie
KauloniaCalabria(abandoned)7th century BCKrotonTyphon of Aigion
KrotonCalabriaCrotone709–708 BCRhypes, AchaiaMyscellus
Kyme, Cumae (Roman name)Campania(abandoned)c.750–725 BCChalkis and EretriaHippokles of Euboian Kyme and Megasthenes of Chalkis
LaosCalabria(abandoned)before 510 BCSybarisRefugees from Sybaris
Lokroi (Epizephiroi)CalabriaLocriearly 7th century BCLokrisUn­known
MedmaCalabria(abandoned)7th century BCLokroi EpizephiroiUn­known
MetapontionBasilicataMetapontoc. 630 BCAchaiaLeukippos of Achaia
MetaurosCalabriaGioia Tauro7th century BCZankle (or possibly Lokroi Epizephiroi)Un­known
NeapolisCampaniaNaplesc. 470 BCKymeUn­known
PithekoussaiCampaniaIschia8th century BCChalkis and EretriaUn­known
Poseidonia, Paestum (Roman name)Campania(abandoned)c. 600 BCSybaris (and perhaps Troizen)Un­known
PyxousCampaniaPolicastro Bussentino471–470 BCRhegion and MessenaMikythos, tyrant of Rhegion and Messena
RhegionCalabriaReggio Calabria8th century BCChalkis (with Zankle and Messenian refugees)Antimnestos of Zankle (or perhaps Artimedes of Chalkis)
SirisBasilicata(abandoned)c. 660 BC (or c. 700 BC)KolophonRefugees from Kolophon
SybarisCalabriaSibari721–720 (or 709–708) BCAchaia and TroizenIs of Helike
TarasApuliaTarantoc. 706 BCSpartaPhalanthos and the Partheniai
Temesaunknown, but in Calabria(abandoned)no Greek founder (Ausones who became Hellenised)
TerinaCalabria(abandoned)before 460 BC, perhaps c. 510 BCKrotonUn­known
ThourioiCalabria(abandoned)446 and 444–443 BCAthens and many other citiesLampon and Xenokrates of Athens

edf0bb232499e8d177204519fec37bca.jpg


Greek colonies in Asia Minor.

IonianCityStates.jpg


From the leaked sample, we already know what the Euboeans were like autosomally.
 
What a great resource, thank you!

You're quite welcome. Here are some more:

Ancient name(s)LocationModern name(s)Foundation dateMother city
hide​
Founder(s)
AbakainonMetropolitan City of Messina(abandoned)no Greek founder (Sicels who became Hellenised)
AdranonMetropolitan City of CataniaAdranoc.400 BCSyrakousaiDionysios I
AgyrionProvince of EnnaAgirano Greek founder (Sicels who became Hellenised)
AitnaMetropolitan City of Cataniaon the site of Katane476 BCSyrakousaiHieron
AkragasProvince of AgrigentoAgrigentoc.580 BCGelaAristonoos and Pystilos
AkraiProvince of Syracusenear Palazzolo Acreide664 BCSyrakousaiUn­known
AlaisaMetropolitan City of MessinaTusa403–402 BCHerbitaArchonides of Herbita
Alontion, Haluntium (Roman name)Metropolitan City of MessinaSan Marco d’Alunziono Greek founder (Sicels who became Hellenised)
ApolloniaMetropolitan City of MessinaMonte Vecchio near San Fratello405–367 BCSyrakousaiPossibly Dionysios I
EngyonProvince of EnnaTroina?no Greek founder (Sicels who became Hellenised)
EuboiaMetropolitan City of CataniaLicodia Eubea7th century BC, perhaps late 8th century BCLeontinoiUn­known
GaleriaUn­known(abandoned)no Greek founder (Sicels who became Hellenised)
GelaProvince of CaltanissettaGela689–688 BCRhodes (Lindos), CretansAntiphemos of Rhodes and Entimos the Cretan
HeloronProvince of Syracuse(abandoned)Un­knownSyrakousaiUn­known
HennaProvince of EnnaEnnano Greek founder (Sicels who became Hellenised)
Herakleia MinoaProvince of AgrigentoCattolica Eracleaafter 628 BCSelinous, Spartarefounded by Euryleon after c.510 BC
Herakleiaunlocated in Western Sicily(abandoned)c.510 BCSpartaDorieus
HerbessosProvince of EnnaMontagna di Marzo?no Greek founder (Sicels who became Hellenised)
HerbitaUn­known(abandoned)no Greek founder (Sicels who became Hellenised)
HimeraProvince of PalermoTermini Imerese648 BCZankle, exiles from SyrakousaiEukleides, Simos and Sakon
HippanaProvince of PalermoMonte dei Cavallino Greek founder (indigenous settlement that became Hellenised)
ImacharaMetropolitan City of CataniaMendolitono Greek founder (Sicels who became Hellenised)
KallipolisUn­known(abandoned)late 8th century BCNaxos (Sicily)Un­known
KamarinaProvince of RagusaSanta Croce Camerinac.598 BCSyrakousai, KorinthDaskon of Syracuse and Menekolos of Corinth
KasmenaiProvince of Syracuse(abandoned)644–643 BCSyrakousaiUn­known
KataneMetropolitan City of CataniaCatania729 BCNaxos (Sicily)Euarchos
KentoripaProvince of EnnaCenturipeno Greek founder (Sicels who became Hellenised)
KephaloidionProvince of PalermoCefalùno Greek founder (Sicels who became Hellenised)
LeontinoiProvince of SyracuseLentini729 BCNaxos (Sicily)Theokles?
LiparaMetropolitan City of MessinaLipari580–576 BCKnidos, RhodesPentathlos, Gorgos, Thestor and Epithersides
LonganeMetropolitan City of Messinanear Rodì Milicino Greek founder (Sicels who became Hellenised)
Megara HyblaeaProvince of SyracuseAugusta728 BCMegara NisaiaTheokles?
MorgantinaProvince of Ennanear Aidoneno Greek founder (Sicels who became Hellenised)
MylaiMetropolitan City of MessinaMilazzo700 BC?ZankleUn­known
NakoneUn­known(abandoned)no Greek founder (Sicels who became Hellenised)
NaxosMetropolitan City of MessinaGiardini Naxos735–734 BCChalkis, Naxos (Cyclades)Theokles
PetraUn­known(abandoned)no Greek founder (indigenous settlement that became Hellenised)
PiakosMetropolitan City of CataniaMendolito?no Greek founder (Sicels who became Hellenised)
SelinousProvince of TrapaniMarinella di Selinunte628–627 BCMegara HyblaeaPammilos
SileraioiUn­known(abandoned)no Greek founder (indigenous settlement that became Hellenised)
StielanaioiMetropolitan City of Catania?(abandoned)no Greek founder (indigenous settlement that became Hellenised)
SyrakousaiProvince of SyracuseSyracuse733 BCKorinthArchias of Korinth
TauromenionMetropolitan City of CataniaTaormina392 BCSyrakousaiperhaps Dionysios I
TyndarisMetropolitan City of MessinaTindari396 BCSyrakousaiDionysios I
TyrrhenoiProvince of Palermo?Alimena?no Greek founder (indigenous settlement that became Hellenised)
Zankle/MessanaMetropolitan City of MessinaMessinac.730Chalkis, KymePerieres of Kyme and Krataimenes of Chalkis

Their impact autosomally should be considered in light of the fact that in most of Southern Italy, outside of the flat lands in Puglia and the Campanian plain, and especially in places like Calabria, the vast majority of the population has always lived in close proximity to the sea. It's also true in the north except for the Po River Plain, which before the Romans drained the marshes, was largely uninhabitable and some areas in Toscana and Lazio. People who aren't Italian never keep in the forefront of their minds how mountainous Italy is; it's why it has always had such difficulty feeding itself. Egypt was essential to the Empire for a reason; it fed Italy.

Ancient-Rome-Important-Places-1373353.png
 

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