Ancient DNA gives new insights into a Norman Neolithic

torzio

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https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2120786119

Ancient DNA gives new insights into a Norman Neolithic monumental cemetery dedicated to male elites

Maïté Rivollat , Aline Thomas , Emmanuel Ghesquière, Adam Benjamin Rohrlach , Ellen Späth , Marie-Hélène Pemonge, Wolfgang Haak


he Middle Neolithic in western Europe is characterized by monumental funerary structures, known as megaliths, along the Atlantic façade. The first manifestations of this phenomenon occurred in modern-day France with the long mounds of the Cerny culture. Here, we present genome-wide data from the fifth-millennium BCE site of Fleury-sur-Orne in Normandy (France), famous for its impressively long monuments built for selected individuals. The site encompasses 32 monuments of variable sizes, containing the burials of 19 individuals from the Neolithic period. To address who was buried at the site, we generated genome-wide data for 14 individuals, of whom 13 are males,
 
We determined uniparentally inherited haplogroups using the data obtained from mitochondrial and Y-chromosome captures (Fig. 2A). We reconstructed complete mitogenomes for all individuals and assigned 11 different haplotypes (Datasets S1 and S5). Fleury-sur-Orne individuals mostly carry subhaplogroups of J, K, T, and H, which are characteristic of Neolithic farmers (40, 41). Three individuals (1-5, 8-6, and 953A) carry haplogroups on the derived branch of U5b (U5b1c and U5b2b3a), and the individual 31-5A carries the haplogroup U8a1, which is likely to have been inherited from European Mesolithic hunter-gatherers (HGs). The proportion of U5 and U8 haplogroups is consistent with the proportion of HG-like ancestry on both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes observed in western Europe for the Middle Neolithic period (1, 29, 32, 42–44).

Y-chromosome haplogroups were assigned for all Fleury-sur-Orne males (Dataset S4) who carry at least three different haplogroups (Fig. 2A). Some individuals (1-5, 8-5, 8-6, 24-5, 26-5, and 35-5) were analyzed in a previous study (33). Haplogroup H2 (P96) is carried by six individuals and has also been found at another French Neolithic site in the Paris Basin (29). G2a2a1a (PF3177) is carried by three individuals, and two more carry G2a2a (PF3147) with no more diagnostic SNPs available for further resolution. Both haplogroups H2 and G2a were common during the Early and Middle Neolithic in regions of modern-day Germany (29, 30, 32, 42) and France (29, 43) and represent the predominant Y haplogroups carried by the majority of Anatolian and related early European farmers (45, 46). Moreover, we found in Fleury-sur-Orne the specific haplogroup H2m (P96), which was recently described in ancient Neolithic individuals associated with the Mediterranean Neolithic route of diffusion (33) and also found in Ireland (1), thus linking the French Neolithic groups with the Mediterranean Neolithic expansion. Due to a very low number of Y-chromosome SNPs, individual 24-5 is assigned to haplogroup H2*, without further resolution possible. Finally, individuals 29-5 and 31-5A carry Y-haplogroups I2a1a and I2a1a2, respectively, which belong to haplogroup I2a, a lineage common in Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic HGs that is also found in western Europe during the Early to Late Neolithic, persisting until today.
 
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from serbian dna forum (y)

same boring y haplogroups :;)

H, G, I

neolithic-normandy1.png
 
It is actually surpising the strong presence of Y dna H2 given its relative abcence in modern day europe.
 
from serbian dna forum (y)

same boring y haplogroups :;)

H, G, I

neolithic-normandy1.png

The H2 and G2 are the same ( very similar ydna snp's) with the Karsdorf Germany early neolithic samples, found along with 3 x T1a ydna ................see Brandt studies from 2014
 

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