Stefano
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Anfanger: Are all 3 papers from the Reich team? If not, does anyone know the status of the Allencroft et al 2022 paper "POPULATION GENOMICS OF STONE AGE EURASIA" which was posted on biovrx on 6 May 2022 (Pre-Print version). I went back and took a look at it given the Reich Southern Arc abstract and subsequent comments and they have some results indicating. Here are 2 quotes from that paper:
"Interestingly, two herein reported ~7,300-year-old imputedgenomes from the Middle Don River region in the Pontic-Caspian steppe (Golubaya Krinitsa,NEO113 & NEO212) derive ~20-30% of their ancestry from a source cluster of hunter-gatherersfrom the Caucasus (Caucasus_13000BP_10000BP) (Fig. 3). Additional lower coverage (nonimputed) genomes from the same site project in the same PCA space (Fig. 1D), shifted away fromthe European hunter-gatherer cline towards Iran and the Caucasus. Our results thus documentgenetic contact between populations from the Caucasus and the Steppe region as early as 7,300years ago, providing documentation of continuous admixture prior to the advent of later nomadic Steppe cultures, in contrast to recent hypotheses, and also further to the west than previouslyreported"
"From approximately 5,000 BP, an ancestry component appears on the eastern European plains inEarly Bronze Age Steppe pastoralists associated with the Yamnaya culture and it rapidly spreadsacross Europe through the expansion of the Corded Ware complex (CWC) and related cultures20,21.We demonstrate that this “steppe” ancestry (Steppe_5000BP_4300BP) can be modelled as amixture of ~65% ancestry related to herein reported hunter-gatherer genomes from the Middle DonRiver region (MiddleDon_7500BP) and ~35% ancestry related to hunter-gatherers from Caucasus(Caucasus_13000BP_10000BP) (Extended Data Fig. 4). Thus, Middle Don hunter-gatherers, whoalready carry ancestry related to Caucasus hunter-gatherers (Fig. 2), serve as a hitherto unknownproximal source for the majority ancestry contribution into Yamnaya genomes"
So this CHG related ancestry (20-30%) dating back to roughly 5300 BC. Now how this impacts the origin of the Proto-Indo European Language homeland, I am not sure, but it does point to CHG ancestry being present well before the earliest PIE languages are thought to have first appeared. So perhaps Reich's team is aware of these samples (I am sure they are) and they might impact the conclusions in the Southern Arc papers. From a quick reading, this is the first paper to document CHG related ancestry in the Middle Don region and it appears to me, much earlier than what has been documented in other papers on the Steppes (I could be wrong here).
I admit I have not read this paper carefully and only skimmed it when I first saw it at biovrx, but it does seem potentially to be a paper that can potentially further clarify the Proto-Indo European Language homeland.
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.04.490594v2.full
This? it seems it has been published