Autosomal Analysis of North Eurasia-Baikal to the Baltic

[Angela]

See: Petr Triska et al

Between Lake Baikal and the Baltic Sea: genomic history of the gateway to Europe

https://bmcgenet.biomedcentral.com/...63-017-0578-3?site=bmcgenet.biomedcentral.com

"Background

The history of human populations occupying the plains and mountain ridges separating Europe from Asia has been eventful, as these natural obstacles were crossed westward by multiple waves of Turkic and Uralic-speaking migrants as well as eastward by Europeans. Unfortunately, the material records of history of this region are not dense enough to reconstruct details of population history. These considerations stimulate growing interest to obtain a genetic picture of the demographic history of migrations and admixture in Northern Eurasia.

Results

We genotyped and analyzed 1076 individuals from 30 populations with geographical coverage spanning from Baltic Sea to Baikal Lake. Our dense sampling allowed us to describe in detail the population structure, provide insight into genomic history of numerous European and Asian populations, and significantly increase quantity of genetic data available for modern populations in region of North Eurasia. Our study doubles the amount of genome-wide profiles available for this region.
We detected unusually high amount of shared identical-by-descent (IBD) genomic segments between several Siberian populations, such as Khanty and Ket, providing evidence of genetic relatedness across vast geographic distances and between speakers of different language families. Additionally, we observed excessive IBD sharing between Khanty and Bashkir, a group of Turkic speakers from Southern Urals region. While adding some weight to the “Finno-Ugric” origin of Bashkir, our studies highlighted that the Bashkir genepool lacks the main “core”, being a multi-layered amalgamation of Turkic, Ugric, Finnish and Indo-European contributions, which points at intricacy of genetic interface between Turkic and Uralic populations. Comparison of the genetic structure of Siberian ethnicities and the geography of the region they inhabit point at existence of the “Great Siberian Vortex” directing genetic exchanges in populations across the Siberian part of Asia.
Slavic speakers of Eastern Europe are, in general, very similar in their genetic composition. Ukrainians, Belarusians and Russians have almost identical proportions of Caucasus and Northern European components and have virtually no Asian influence. We capitalized on wide geographic span of our sampling to address intriguing question about the place of origin of Russian Starovers, an enigmatic Eastern Orthodox Old Believers religious group relocated to Siberia in seventeenth century. A comparative reAdmix analysis, complemented by IBD sharing, placed their roots in the region of the Northern European Plain, occupied by North Russians and Finno-Ugric Komi and Karelian people. Russians from Novosibirsk and Russian Starover exhibit ancestral proportions close to that of European Eastern Slavs, however, they also include between five to 10 % of Central Siberian ancestry, not present at this level in their European counterparts.

Conclusions

Our project has patched the hole in the genetic map of Eurasia: we demonstrated complexity of genetic structure of Northern Eurasians, existence of East-West and North-South genetic gradients, and assessed different inputs of ancient populations into modern populations."

 

[bicicleur 2]

Is it based exclusively on modern DNA ?

 

[Angela]

Is it based exclusively on modern DNA ?

Yes, 1076 modern samples.

 

[Silesian]

Bashkir ydna R1b synonymous with Yamnaya Kurgans-R1b R1b-KMS-75& KMS-67
[Very rare or no samples- in Turkey]

Tatar share moderate amount of IBD (3.55–7.35 cM per pair) with all neighbouring populations, while Bashkir share most of their ancient blocks (on average 8.62 cM per pair) with Khanty, a group of Uralic speakers from Western Siberia.

Further analyses (ADMIXTURE and recent IBD) pointed to proximity of Bashkir to Turkic-speaking Tatar and Chuvash as well as to Finno-Ugric Udmurt and Khanty. In addition, results of f3 outgroup analysis indicate that Bashkir, in contrary to other Turkic speakers, were strongly influenced by Ancient Northern Eurasians, highlighting a mismatch of their cultural background and genetic ancestry and an intricacy of the historic interface between Turkic and Uralic populations.

For example Yamnaya sample I0429 on PCA on a branch comparing placement to modern samples in above sample

Extant of Golden Horde --comparing one of the super lineages of Ghengis Khan-Genetic Legacy of the Mongols- ydna C3 against the population frequency among the Bashkirs ​C3 0.65%

10% of the men who reside within the borders of the Mongol Empire as it was at the death of Genghis Khan may carry his Y chromosome, and so ~0.5% of men in the world, about 16 million individuals

http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/g...ect-descendants-of-genghis-khan/#.Wk6zpN-nHIU


Battle of Samara Bend

The Battle of Samara Bend (Russian: Монгольско-булгарское сражение, lit. 'Mongolian-Bulgarian battle') or the Battle of Kernek was the first battle between Volga Bulgaria and the Mongols, probably one of the first skirmishes or battles the Mongols lost. It took place in autumn 1223, at the southern border of Volga Bulgaria. The Bulgars retreated and the Mongols pursued them. Then the main Bulgar forces ambushed the Mongols

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Samara_Bend

 

[Lukas]

But in this study Bashkirs are said to be connected to proto-Hungarians.

One of most curious findings involved the Bashkir, an ethnicity with an extremely complex historical background.
There are three main theories describing Bashkir origins: “Turkic”, “Finno-Ugric”, and “Iranian” [76, 77]. According to the “Turkic” theory, most Bashkir genetic ancestry was formed by Turkic tribes migrating from Central Asia in the first millennium AD. The “Finno-Ugric” theory stipulates that the nucleus of Bashkir ancestry was formed by the Magyar (Hungarians), who were later assimilated by Turkic tribes and adopted a Turkic language, while the “Iranian” theory considers Bashkir to be descendants of Sarmatians from the southern Ural.

Speaking generally, our findings add weight to “Finno-Ugric” theory of the origin of Bashkir. A majority of Bashkir IBD fragments were shared with Khanty, an ethnicity related to Magyar. Interestingly, some works point out that before the thirteenth century the Hungarians were commonly called Bashkir ([78], pp. 289–294). It is surmised that the Magyar ethnicity was formed in the
region between Volga and the Ural Mountains, then, at the end of the sixth century AD, moved to the Don-Kuban steppes abandoned by the Proto-Bulgarians followed by the move to their present location between Dnieper and Danube somewhat later.

Further analyses (ADMIXTURE and recent IBD) pointed to proximity of Bashkir to Turkic-speaking Tatar and Chuvash as well as to Finno-Ugric Udmurt and Khanty. In addition, results of f3 outgroup analysis indicate that Bashkir, in contrary to other Turkic speakers, were strongly influenced by Ancient Northern Eurasians, highlighting a mismatch of their cultural background and genetic ancestry and an intricacy of the historic interface between Turkic and Uralic populations. As a general pattern, the Eastern European speakers of Uralic languages share large amounts of IBD with Khanty and
Ket, with Turkic speaking Bashkir being added to this rule.

It is noteworthy that the genomes of closest linguistic relatives of Bashkir, Volga Tatar, bears very little traces of East Asian or Central Siberian ancestry. Volga Tatar are a mix between Bulgar who carried a large Finno-Ugric component, Pecheneg, Kuman, Khazar, local Finno-Ugric tribes, and even Alan. Therefore, Volga Tatars are predominantly European ethnicity with a tiny contribution of East-Asian component. As most Tatar’ IBD is shared with various Turkic and Uralic populations from Volga-Ural region, an amalgamation of various cultures is evident. When the original Finno-Ugric speaking people were conquered by Turkic tribes, both Tatar and Chuvash are likely to have experience language replacement, while retaining their genetic core. Most likely, these events took place sometime around VIII century AD, after the relocation of Bulgar tribes to Volga and Kama river basins, and expansion of Turkic people.

We speculate that Bashkir, Tatar, Chuvash and Finno-Ugric speakers from Volga basin has a common Turkic component, which could have been acquired as a result of Turkic expansion to Volga-Urals region. However, the original Finno-Ugric substrate was not homogeneous: Tatar and Chuvash genomes carry mainly “Finno-Permic” component, while Bashkir carry the “Magyar” one.
The fraction of the Turkic component in Bashkir is, undoubtedly, quite significant, and larger than that in Tatar and Chuvash. This component reflects the South Siberian influence on Bashkir, which makes them related to Altai, Kyrgyz, Tuvinian, and Kazakh people.

 

[Jovialis]

Where does that PCA come from? It looks monstrously inaccurate.

 

[Silesian]

But in this study Bashkirs are said to be connected to proto-Hungarians.

By admix and IBD

The authors do not specify the ydna branches of R1b-Z2103 . Hungarian R1b that is similar to Bashkir but not identical-is very specific regions. Hungary also has Kurgans Tisza river
http://bellbeakerblogger.blogspot.ca/2017/05/yamnaya-kurgan-origins-east-of-tisza.html
Burzyan Bashkirs are R1b>2103>KMS 75+

Former Iranian speaking-Jászság, Hungary- R1b-11. (M269+ L23+ Z2103+ predicted CTS7822+) East European Type 6100 BP
A branch related to Poles and Czechs and Ossetians/[Alan/Sarmatian]? R1b-9219+R1b1a2a2c1 Z2105+, CTS9219+, Y5586+, and DYS389a=12, DYS520=22
https://www.familytreedna.com/public/Ossetian?iframe=yresults
https://www.familytreedna.com/public/Hungarian_Magyar_Y-DNA_Project?iframe=yresults

 

[Jovialis]

@Silesian
Could you please verify where you have obtained that PCA ?

Just in case you missed it:

Where does that PCA come from? It looks monstrously inaccurate.

 

[Silesian]

Now to compare R1b-genomes using PCA in combination with DNA-land. Collection from Villabruna to Steppe samples.

Samara Oblast Sok River EHG (sample I0124); 5650-5555 BC:

http://www.ancestraljourneys.org/mesolithicdna.shtml

Villabruna sample (hunter with R1b from Upper Paleolithic Italy):

https://s9.postimg.org/wp1v4mv6n/Villabruna.png

Khvalynsk culture, sample I0122 from the Volga Region:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khvalynsk

"Ancestry Report" from DNA.Land - 75% "North Slavic" (!):

https://s10.postimg.org/ck84j9wyh/Khvalynsk_sample_I0122.png

Yamnaya culture, sample I0443 (Lopatino II, Sok River):

 

[Silesian]

@Silesian
Could you please verify where you have obtained that PCA ?

Just in case you missed it:

I said the same with the possible results of King Tut being released , ydna, pca, admix etc....
On a need to know basis, you just have to deal with it.

 

[Jovialis]

I said the same with the possible results of King Tut being released , ydna, pca, admix etc....
On a need to know basis, you just have to deal with it.

What? "Need to know basis", how about verifying your sources?

This one below, it doesn't strike me as academic or professional, because it looks inaccurate. Was this produced by an amateur?:

 

[Lukas]

What? "Need to know basis", how about verifying your sources?
This one below, it doesn't strike me as academic or professional, because it looks inaccurate. Was this produced by an amateur?:

Looks like PCA based on Gedmatch calculator's spreadsheet, possibly K13.

 

[Angela]

For the record, gentlemen:

You post data, a graphic, etc. on this site, you post the source, so the reliability can be evaluated. There is no "need to know".

Is that clear?

 

[Ygorcs]

Bashkir ydna R1b synonymous with Yamnaya Kurgans-R1b R1b-KMS-75& KMS-67
[Very rare or no samples- in Turkey]

R1b, okay, but autosomally they are not that Yamna-like nor Eastern European-like, at least not much more than other neighboring peoples, AFAIK. What this study proposes, and does look very reasonable to me, is that Bashkirs, as some historians already expected and argued for them and other Turkic nations, are a complex amalgam mostly born out of linguistic and cultural shift through elite dominance. For Bashkirs, an ancient Finno-Ugric and another Indo-European layer mixed together with a Turkic prestige minority look the most probable origin.

 

[Silesian]

R1b, okay, but autosomally they are not that Yamna-like nor Eastern European-like, at least not much more than other neighboring peoples, AFAIK. What this study proposes, and does look very reasonable to me, is that Bashkirs, as some historians already expected and argued for them and other Turkic nations, are a complex amalgam mostly born out of linguistic and cultural shift through elite dominance. For Bashkirs, an ancient Finno-Ugric and another Indo-European layer mixed together with a Turkic prestige minority look the most probable origin.

What Bashkir ydna could the prestige ruling Turkic tribe be? Bashkir R1b is only found among Bashkir's -it is very specific.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashina
Turkic ruling elite have different flavors of ydna also, but no known line of R1b.

Subclade of clan Ashina: R1a-Z93, Z94+, Z2123-, Y2632-.(another prominent turkic clan Ashide has: Q1a-L53)^[11]

The same can be said for the ruling Mongolian elite dynasty?

Numerous studies by teams of biochemists, based on the Y-DNA of modern descendants of Genghis Khan, have indicated that Genghis Khan may have belonged to a subclade of Haplogroup C-M217 (C2) such as C-F4002 (C2b1a3)

​Research published in 2016 suggested that Genghis possibly belonged to the haplogroup R-M343 (R1b).^[11] The controversial result was based on analysis of five bodies, dating from about 1130–1250, that were found in graves in Tavan Tolgoi, Mongolia. The remains of all 5 bodies belong to the Mongoloid physical type and are believed to be possibly related to members of the Mongol "Golden Family", at around the time of Genghis Khan, although it is uncertain whether the Y-DNA haplogroup marker belongs to the Borijigin clan or the products of clan marriages between the female lineage of Genghis Khan’s Borjigin clan and males of other clans/tribes from Mongolia or Central Asia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descent_from_Genghis_Khan