We know there are many R-Z2103 in Afanasievo, so could this branch be an Afanasievo branch? There are 7 samples from China and one sample from Bhutan (Tibetan), as well as a Tajik from Xinjiang, 3 Kazakhs from the Naimans of Kazakhstan, and 1 Uzbek individual. Could this hablogroup be one of the eastward migrating branches of the Yamnaya? There is also a Paleo Uyghur specimen from Early Medieval Mongolia.