^
L657 mistery, now Z2103;
Lots of R1b were found in Tarim basin Chemurcheck culture.
What kind of relationship between them and afansivevo R1b?
Their skull shape and lead ring culture is closely related with seima turbino. This lead technology went straight to china. WSHG z2103 was found in sintashta which was surrounded by seima turbino. According to Jeong paper 2020, their admixture is similar to Dali EBA.
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C2043 Bronze Age Chemurcheck[71] 4521-3927* C2 no call
C3343 Bronze Age Afanasievo[72] 5043-4861 C2a1a1 no call
C1639 Late Bronze Age Andronovo[99] 3570-3412 Q1b1 Q1b1
C1702 Bronze Age - 4200# Q1b1~ Q1b1a3
C2036 Bronze Age Chemurcheck[71] 4521-3927* Q2 Q2
C2034 Bronze Age Afanasievo[69] 4574-4422 Q2a Q2a
C794 Bronze Age - 4574-4422* Q2a Q2a
C3339 Bronze Age Afanasievo[96-97] 4963-4839 R1b1a1b R1b1a1b
C1701 Bronze Age Chemurcheck[74] 4200# R1b1a1b1a1a2b1 R1b1a1b1b3a
C1704 Bronze Age - 4200# R1b1a1b1b R1b1a1b1b
C1700 Bronze Age - 4200# R1b1a1b1b R1b1a1b1b3a
C1707 Bronze Age Chemurcheck[70] 4814-4450 R1b1a1b1b R1b1a1b1b
C2037 Bronze Age Chemurcheck[71] 4521-3927* R1b1a1b1b R1b1a1b1b
C2046 Bronze Age Chemurcheck[71] 4148-3927 R1b1a1b1b R1b1a1b1b
C2048 Bronze Age Chemurcheck[71] 4352-4096 R1b1a1b1b R1b1a1b1b
C3340 Bronze Age Afanasievo[96-97] 4963-4526* R1b1a1b1b R1b1a1b1b3a
Bronze and Iron Age population movements underlie Xinjiang population history
“unfortunately, in china we do not yet know of any metal object related,without doubt, to the chemurchek culture. kovalev, erdenebaatar, tishkin and grushin found several leaden ear rings and one ring of tin bronze in three excavated chemurchek stone boxes (kovalev and erdenebaatar 2014a; tishkin et al. 2015). such lead rings are typical for elunino culture,which occupied the entire west altai after 2400–2300 bce (tishkin et al. 2015). this culture had developed a tradition of bronze metallurgy with various dopants, primarily tin. thus, the tradition of bronze metallurgy as early as this time could have penetrated the mongolian altai far to the south."
"Bronze drinking vessels famous for their intricate carvings and used by the aristocracy in the Chinese Shang dynasty (1555-1145 BCE) are known to have been fabricated with alloys containing soft metallic lead. The contribution of lead leaching from such vessels into the fermented grain wines drunk by the Chinese nobility in ancient times has not been previously estimated.
Significant lead contamination of Shaoxing rice wine was detected when it was left in bronze goblets fabricated to resemble the Shang dynasty vessels. If a liter of contaminated wine was drunk daily, the daily intake of lead could have been as high as 85 mg. Such a high degree of contamination could cause chronic lead poisoning, affecting the health of the Shang nobility who used bronze beverage containers, before lead was excluded from the manufacture of bronze.”
“the origins of the Chemurchek have been controversial (Kovalev, 2014). Once 107 introduced, ruminant dairying became widespread by the Middle/Late Bronze Age (MLBA, 108 here defined as 1900-900 BCE), being practiced in the west and north at sites associated with 109 Deer Stone-Khirigsuur Complex (DSKC) and in the east in association with the Ulaanzuukh 110 culture (Jeong et al., 2018; Wilkin et al., 2019).”
“The succeeding EBA Chemurchek culture (2750-1900 BCE), a ruminant dairying society 200 (Wilkin et al., 2019) whose mortuary features include stone slabs and anthropomorphic stelae, 201 has also been purportedly linked to WSH migrations (Kovalev and Erdenebaatar, 2009). 202 Chemurchek graves are found throughout the Altai and in the Dzungar Basin in Xinjiang, China 203 (Jia and Betts, 2010). We analyzed two Chemurchek individuals from the southern Altai site 204 of Yagshiin Huduu and one from Khundii Gobi (KUM001) in the northern Altai. Compared to 205 Afanasievo_Mongolia, the Yagshiin Huduu individuals also show a high degree of Western 206 ancestry but are displaced in PCA (Fig. 2), having also a strong genetic affinity with ANE207 related ancient individuals such as AfontovaGora3 (AG3), West_Siberia_N, and Botai (Fig. 208 3a; Fig. S9, S11). We find that these Chemurchek individuals (Chemurchek_Altai) are 209 genetically similar to Dali_EBA (Fig. 3a), a contemporaneous individual from eastern 210 Kazakhstan (Narasimhan et al., 2019). “
https://www.researchgate.net/public...r_genetic_history_of_Eurasia's_Eastern_Steppe
"This paper first examines craniological materials of the Chemurchek culture of the Early bronze age in Western Mongolia. Significant morphological differences are discovered as compared with the previous Proto-Europeoid population of the Afanasyevo culture in Southern Siberia and Central Asia. The anthropological type of the people of the Chemurchek culture is characterized by mongoloid features, which are stronger expressed in women. The Chemurchek population most resembles people of the Serovo and Glazkov cultures of the Circumbaikal region. Certain morphological closeness is shown by bearers of archaeological cultures of the Early bronze age of the south of Siberia and Central Asia: the Elunin culture in Altay and Eastern Kazakhstan, at the burial ground of Aymyrlyg in Tuva (in males), Ust-Tartas, Odinovo and early Krotov cultures at the burial ground of Sopka II in Baraba forest-steppe, as well as materials from the cemetery of Gumugou in Xinjiang. Possibly, this closeness is a reflection of a common anthropological substratum, since an anthropological type similar to the Circumbaikal one is recorded in craniological materials of the Neolithic-Eneolithic burial grounds in the northern foothills of the Altay-Sayan mountains.
DOI: 10.31600/978-5-907053-35-9-79-81
Publication Date: 2019"
According to A. A. Kovalev, it is genetically related to the megalithic culture of (Southern)
France 3200-2700. BC e. (Kersi dolmens, Angevin dolmens, dry-walled chamber tombs, ceramics of the Ferrier culture, stone statues of the Gard group and the Sion-Aosta type).
[1] A specific feature of the design of the Chemurchek burial mounds - multiple perimeter mounds, partially overlapping each other - he raises to multiple perimeter mounds with facades of megalithic tombs of Brittany, Normandy and Poitiers of the 5th-4th millennium BC. e.
[one]
It had an impact on the Seima-Turbino phenomenon . [2]
Material culture [ edit | edit code ]
Basically, this culture has been studied in terms of its burial structures. The tombs are of the corridor type. There are burials made in the form of a four-wheeled wagon with hubs associated with Eastern Europe, mainly with the Yamnaya culture , although one burial is hypothetically closer to the Transcaucasian finds [2] . Pottery finds analogues in the Yamnaya culture [2] and the Neolithic of France, there is ceramics associated with the neighboring Elunin culture [1] . The tradition of making stone vessels dates back to the Caucasian. There, or to the Central Asian, goes back the tradition of making lead and bronze temporal rings [2]. Many anthropomorphic statues have been found that have analogues in southern France, similar statues from the north Black Sea coast have less similarity with the discovered statues [1] .
No intermediate sites associated with this culture have been found between Western Europe and Altai [1] .
Ethnicity and paleogenetics [ edit | edit code ] ]
admixture by Holland
http://secher.bernard.free.fr/blog/public/2017_Hollard_Tableau14.jpg
"the legacy of the Yamnaya-era spread into Mongolia continued in two individuals from the Chemurchek culture whose ancestry can be only modeled by using Afanasievo as one of the sources (49.0%±2.6%). This model fits even when ancient European farmers are included in the outgroups, showing that if the long-distance transfer of West European megalithic cultural traditions to people of the Chemurchek culture that has been suggested in the archaeological literature occurred,26 it must have been through spread of ideas rather than through movement of people.
Both sampled Chemurchek individuals are of haplogroup R1b1a1a2a2-Z2103, in line with their almost direct genetic continuity with Afanasievo and with the two other reported samples to date (one C, one R1b)."
https://indo-european.eu/2020/03/yamnaya-like-chemurchek-links-afanasievo-with-iron-age-tocharians/
