Genetic study The rise and transformation of Bronze Age pastoralists in the Caucasus

Anfänger

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The rise and transformation of Bronze Age pastoralists in the Caucasus​

Abstract​

The Caucasus and surrounding areas, with their rich metal resources, became a
crucible of the Bronze Age- and the birthplace of the earliest steppe pastoralist
societies. Yet, despite this region having a large influence on the subsequent
development of Europe and Asia, questions remain regarding its hunter-gatherer pas
and its formation of expansionist mobile steppe societies?4{, Here we present new
genome-wide data for 131 individuals from 38 archaeological sites spanning 6,000
years. We find a strong genetic differentiation between populations north and south
the Caucasus mountains during the Mesolithic, with Eastern hunter-gatherer
ancestryt in the north, and a distinct Caucasus hunter-gatherer ancestry with
increasing East Anatolian farmer admixture in the south.
During the subsequent
Eneolithic period, we observe the formation of the characteristic West Eurasian steppe
ancestry and heightened interaction between the mountain and steppe regions,
facilitated by technological developments of the Maykop cultural complex. By
contrast, the peak of pastoralist activities and territorial expansions during the Early
and Middle Bronze Age is characterized by long-term genetic stability. The Late
Bronze Age marks another period of gene flow from multiple distinct sources that
coincides with a decline of steppe cultures, followed by a transformation and
absorption of the steppe ancestry into highland populations.

Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08113-5
 
DTnVYue.png
 
from B. SECHER blog

Les auteurs ont réalisé une Analyse en Composantes Principales. La figure ci-dessous donne le résultat pour les échantillons datés entre le 7ème et le 5ème millénaires av. JC. Les plus vieux individus de cette étude sont issus de la grotte Satanaj en Russie (pentagone bleu clair) et du site d'Arukhlo en Géorgie du début du Néolithique (losanges marrons). Dans la figure ci-dessous, l'individu de Russie se regroupe avec les chasseurs-cueilleurs de l'est (EHG) de Carélie. A l'inverse les fermiers de Géorgie se situent sur un gradient qui relie les chasseurs-cueilleurs du Caucase au fermiers Néolithiques d'Anatolie. Ils se situent également avec des fermiers d'Arménie et d'Azerbaïdjan. Ces résultats suggèrent que la néolithisation du Caucase s'est faite via un mouvement de population des fermiers du croissant fertile vers le Caucase. De plus, il est intéressant de noter que les fermiers d'Anatolie se situent sur un gradient qui relie les anciens chasseurs-cueilleurs du Levant à ceux d'Anatolie:
 
from B. SECHER blog

Les auteurs ont réalisé une Analyse en Composantes Principales. La figure ci-dessous donne le résultat pour les échantillons datés entre le 7ème et le 5ème millénaires av. JC. Les plus vieux individus de cette étude sont issus de la grotte Satanaj en Russie (pentagone bleu clair) et du site d'Arukhlo en Géorgie du début du Néolithique (losanges marrons). Dans la figure ci-dessous, l'individu de Russie se regroupe avec les chasseurs-cueilleurs de l'est (EHG) de Carélie. A l'inverse les fermiers de Géorgie se situent sur un gradient qui relie les chasseurs-cueilleurs du Caucase au fermiers Néolithiques d'Anatolie. Ils se situent également avec des fermiers d'Arménie et d'Azerbaïdjan. Ces résultats suggèrent que la néolithisation du Caucase s'est faite via un mouvement de population des fermiers du croissant fertile vers le Caucase. De plus, il est intéressant de noter que les fermiers d'Anatolie se situent sur un gradient qui relie les anciens chasseurs-cueilleurs du Levant à ceux d'Anatolie:

Thank you, Moesan. My knowledge of French is unfortunately not that profound, that’s why I used a translator:

'The authors performed a Principal Component Analysis. The figure below shows the results for samples dated between the 7th and 5th millennia BC. The oldest individuals in this study come from the Satanaj cave in Russia (light blue pentagon) and the Arukhlo site in early Neolithic Georgia (brown diamonds). In the figure below, the individual from Russia is grouped with the Eastern Hunter-Gatherers (EHG) from Karelia. Conversely, farmers from Georgia are located on a gradient that links hunter-gatherers from the Caucasus to Neolithic farmers from Anatolia. They also lie with farmers from Armenia and Azerbaijan. These results suggest that the Neolithization of the Caucasus occurred via a population movement of farmers from the Fertile Crescent to the Caucasus. What's more, it's interesting to note that Anatolian farmers lie on a gradient that links the ancient hunter-gatherers of the Levant to those of Anatolia‘
 
Probably interesting for R1b members. There are two new samples from southern Russia just north of Maykop and the Caucasus that (KST001 and NV3003) have R1b-M269 with median dates of about ~3800BC.

Over at genarchivist, members analyzed their SNPs. I would have shared the link to their analysis but the website seems to be down right now. At least, I don’t have access to it.

I almost forgot there is also a sample (ZO1002) from the same region with J2b-L283 which has steppe autosomal DNA.
 
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