Genetic study Tracing social mechanisms and interregional connections in Early Bronze Age Societies in Lower Austria

Tautalus

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H6a1b2y
Abstract

In this study, we present the results of archaeogenetic investigations of Early Bronze Age individuals from Lower Austria, specifically associated with the Unetice and Unterwoelbling cultural groups. Through analysing newly generated genome-wide data of 138 individuals, we explore the social structure and genetic relationships within and between these communities. Our results reveal a predominantly patrilocal society with non-strict female exogamic practices. Additionally, Identity-by-Descent (IBD) analysis detects long-distance genetic connections, emphasizing the complex network of interactions in Central Europe during this period. Despite shared social dynamics, notable genetic distinctions emerge between the Unetice and Unterwoelbling groups. These insights contribute to our understanding of Bronze Age population interconnections and call for a nuanced interpretation of social dynamics in this historical context.

Figure 1: Temporal and geographic distribution of studied Early Bronze Age individuals from Lower Austria
LiIwJCf.png
 
thanks for sharing(y)
interesting DSH028 individual from Drasenhofen site that dates to 1600 bc
is under h3ap
 
As expected solid R1b's, but quite some R1a's as well, with G2a and I2a being in minority.

That's the difference between Unetice vs. Bell Beakers. Unetice was a patrilinear mixed group with influences from Epi-Corded, pre-IE and Carpathian groups, whereas Bell Beakers and much of Tumulus culture was more drastically R1b dominated.
 
New EBA paper:

Tracing social mechanisms and interregional connections in Early Bronze Age Societies in Lower Austria



In this study, we present the results of archaeogenetic investigations of Early Bronze Age

individuals from Lower Austria, specifically associated with the Únětice and Unterwölbling
cultural groups. Through analysing newly generated genome-wide data of 138 individuals, we
explore the social structure and genetic relationships within and between these communities.

Our results reveal a predominantly patrilocal society with non-strict female exogamic

practices. Additionally, Identity-by-Descent (IBD) analysis detects long-distance genetic
connections, emphasizing the complex network of interactions in Central Europe during this
period. Despite shared social dynamics, notable genetic distinctions emerge between the
Únětice and Unterwölbling groups
. These insights contribute to our understanding of Bronze
Age population interconnections and call for a nuanced interpretation of social dynamics in
this historical context.


DewslothGlancing through the supplement [ISOGG alone will make you go blind]:

ULK012_ss.A0201 R1b1a2a1a2b1 HV+16311
ZWD002.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a2a1a2b1 K1a4b
ZWD001.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a2a1a2b1 K1a4b
SLB045_ss.A0201 R1b1a2a1a2b1 U5a1b
UZH010.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a2a1a2b T2
FZH003.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a2a1a2b H2a
DSH027.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a2a1a2 J2b1a1
PEB017_ss.A0201 R1b1a2a1a2 T2c1d1
ULK011_ss.A0201 R1b1a2a1a2 HV+16311
DSH006.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a2a1a2 X2d
UZH004.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a2a1a2 I2'3
DSH012.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a2a1a2 U5b2b4
PEB004.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a2a1a2 H1e
PEB012.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a2a1a2 NA
PEB019.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a2a1a2 H1m
UZH026.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a2a1a2 H2a2a
FZH001.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a2a1a T2e
UZH030.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a2a1a K1a1a
DSH028.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a2 H3ap
SLB003.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a2 H2a
UZH011.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a2 J1c3g

DSH017.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a1b1a1a2c1b2a1a H1b
DSH008.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1c1 T2a1b1a1
DSH025.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1a1a2 K1a+195

DSH023.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a1b1a1a2b1 T2a1b1a1
DSH026.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a1b1a1a2b1 U5a2b1a
SLB002.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a1b1a1a2b1 T2b
SLB026.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a1b1a1a2b1 U5a1
UZH012.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a1b1a1a2b1 R1a1a
UZH029.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a1b1a1a2b1 NA

UZH028.A0101.TF1.1 R1b1a1b1a1a2a1a1 I4a

DSH020.A0101.TF1.1 I2c T1a1
UZH044.A0101.TF1.1 I2a2a2a1a HV16
UZH046.A0101.TF1.1 I2a1a1a1a1a1a1c2a H

DSH013.A0101.TF1.1 G2a2b2a1a1b1a1b2b1 U5b2b4
FZH002.A0101.TF1.1 G2a2b2a1a1b1a1a1a1b4b1 R1b

SLB016.A0101.TF1.1 R1a1a1b2a4 U5a2b
SLB028.A0101.TF1.1 R1a1a1b1b H2a1
SLB035.A0101.TF1.1 R1a1a1b1a3a2b2b I4a1
SLB024.A0101.TF1.1 R1a1a1b1a2b3a4a2b K1a1
SLB010.A0101.TF1.1 R1a1a1b1a2b3a1c2b H1+152
SLB022_ss.A0201 R1a1a1b1a2b U5b2b*
DSH014.A0101.TF1.1 R1a1a1b1 X2b'd
SLB041.A0101.TF1.1 R1a1a1b1 NA
DSH015.A0101.TF1.1 R1a1a X2d
SLB017_ss.A0201 R1a U5a2b


From the paper:
The genetic analysis indicates genetic differences between individuals from the areas north
and south of the Danube.
These differences are evident through the mean values observed
on the second principal component (PC2) of the previously described PCA (Fig 1B and Fig 2A),
as well as in the relative proportions of ancestry components modeled with qpAdm (Fig. 2B,
SI table 3). Specifically, the individuals which inhabited the area south of the Danube (carrier
of Unterwölbling culture) from Pottenbrunn and Franzhausen I exhibit a higher relative
amount of Early Farmer ancestry in comparison to their Steppe-related ancestry. Conversely,
the Únětice individuals individuals north of the Danube display the opposite pattern, with a
greater proportion of Steppe-related ancestry relative to Early Farmer ancestry
resulting in a
ratio of Yamnaya Samara to Anatolia Neolithic of 1.91 for the Únětice and 0.89 for the
Unterwölbling samples. These contrasting genetic profiles indicate significant genetic
differences between the two populations, emphasizing the distinct ancestral contributions
and genetic dynamics that influenced them. Analysis of runs of homozygosity (ROH, SI Note 3)
indicates that both groups had a large and outbreeding population (as seen from SI Fig. 2) with
no indication of unions between consanguineous parents.


What makes this paper, among many other things, so important, is that it provides yet another evidence for two known facts:

- physical anthropology can predict genetic patterns
- cultural complexes, archaeological patterns and groups can predict genetic patterns
- the ethnocultural formations which can derived from all these data points can predict the expansion and replacement events for patrilineages (= yDNA haplogroups)

Because both factor (physical anthropology and archaeological research) provided us with sufficient information to assume that there was a very significant difference between the Bell Beaker derived Unterwölbling group vs. the expansive Unetice culture, which was more mixed but still dominated very much by Epi-Corded and Northern Carpathian influences.

This is absolutely evident now by having such sites like Schleinbach which brought us an R1a clan deep in former Bell Beaker territory. The same pattern repeated itself with the later expansion of a later group from the same kind of Epi-Corded background, namely the Nitra and Füzesabony-Otomani group, which too brought this kind of ancestry into other territories in the following periods.

What we also see is that a river, the Danube, served pretty much as a border for the two groups in that period. WIth Schleinbach, the site with so many R1a newcomers from the Unetice core, being North of the Danube - in clearly Unetice dominated territory, as it was recognised by archaeological finds.

Overall a great contribution to the EBA archaeogenetic research and probably others can read more out of it. I just took a first look at it. In any case, another piece of evidence that the archaeological context and group matter sometimes more than geography.
 
I wonder if we have not in the Unterwoelbling area some kind of first deep mixing between kind of West-European IE speaking BBs (principally "Italo-Celtic") with previous Néolithic pops, which could have formed later - according to local geography/conditions and cultural balances/dominances of componants - an important part of the future Etruscan and proto-Italic pops which have had a geographic proximity at some stage, I think. But with BBs Y-R1b P312++ still as majority. South Austria is not a bad place, I think. Just a guess.
 
I wonder if we have not in the Unterwoelbling area some kind of first deep mixing between kind of West-European IE speaking BBs (principally "Italo-Celtic") with previous Néolithic pops, which could have formed later - according to local geography/conditions and cultural balances/dominances of componants - an important part of the future Etruscan and proto-Italic pops which have had a geographic proximity at some stage, I think. But with BBs Y-R1b P312++ still as majority. South Austria is not a bad place, I think. Just a guess.

It's a shame they have not too many deep subclades and those which got some deeper down position have this horrible ISOGG designations and some might be wrong even. However, it looks like the highly important Tumulus culture expansion was kind of a counter-offensive of the Bell Beaker clans from Southern Germany against the Unetice dominance, once those Uneticians got weakened by the Eastern steppe invasions which also affected the Carpathian Basin and the East Balkan (Sabatinovka, chariot warfare etc.).

Austria as such is usually rather peripheral for such events. Therefore it would be great to know how much of the local population from a specific group like Unterwölbling contributed to the later Tumulus culture people which invaded the Carpathian basin from Austria-Czechia, but not necessarily coming from this area originally (but rather Southern Germany).

Good downstream assignments of the yDNA could help to clarify this, but if this identification is correct:
R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1a1a2 = https://www.yfull.com/tree/R-S588/ it doesn't look right at first glance, because its modern phylogenetic position is much too young.
 
This is the haplogroup detail. The assignments they make are confusing, they seem to use two different versions of the isogg tree.

Sample NameCultureSEX x/y rate TFmtDNA HGY chr HGY-Chr SubcladeIsogg Tree Version
DSH013.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYU5b2b4G2a2b2a1a1b1a1b2b1G-BY5553915.73
UZH046.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYHI2a1a1a1a1a1a1c2aI2-M2615.73
UZH044.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYHV16I2a2a2a1aI2-BY43115.73
DSH020.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYT1a1I2cI215.73
SLB017_ss.A0201UneticeXYU5a2bR1aR1a15.73
DSH015.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYX2dR1a1aR-M51215.73
DSH014.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYX2b'dR1a1a1b1R-M417 / R-Z28315.73
SLB041.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXX-R1a1a1b1R-M417 / R-Z28315.73
SLB022_ss.A0201UneticeXYU5b2b*R1a1a1b1a2bR-M417 / R-CTS121115.73
SLB010.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYH1+152R1a1a1b1a2b3a1c2bR-M417 / R-CTS340215.73
SLB024.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYK1a1R1a1a1b1a2b3a4a2bR-M417 / R-CTS340215.73
SLB035.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYI4a1R1a1a1b1a3a2b2bR-M417 / R-CTS827715.73
SLB028.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYH2a1R1a1a1b1bR-M417 / R-Z28315.73
SLB016.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYU5a2bR1a1a1b2a4R-M417 / R-Z9315.73
UZH019.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYT2bR1b1a1b1a1a1c2b2a1b1a4b1a1a2bR-U106 / R-BY11815.73
UZH028.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYI4aR1b1a1b1a1a2a1a1R-DF27 / R-S23015.73
DSH023.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYT2a1b1a1R1b1a1b1a1a2b1R-U152 / R-L215.73
DSH026.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYU5a2b1aR1b1a1b1a1a2b1R-U152 / R-L215.73
SLB002.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYT2bR1b1a1b1a1a2b1R-U152 / R-L215.73
SLB026.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYU5a1R1b1a1b1a1a2b1R-U152 / R-L215.73
UZH012.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYR1a1aR1b1a1b1a1a2b1R-U152 / R-L215.73
UZH029.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYNAR1b1a1b1a1a2b1R-U152 / R-L215.73
DSH025.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYK1a+195R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1a1a2R-L21 / R-FGC410815.73
DSH008.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYT2a1b1a1R1b1a1b1a1a2c1a1a1a1a1c1R-L21 / R-FGC45315.73
DSH017.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYH1bR1b1a1b1a1a2c1b2a1aR-L21 / R-BY307015.73
DSH028.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYH3apR1b1a2R-M26910.120
SLB003.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYH2aR1b1a2R-M26910.120
UZH011.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYJ1c3gR1b1a2R-M26910.120
UZH030.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYK1a1aR1b1a2a1aR-L15110.120
DSH006.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYX2dR1b1a2a1a2R-P31210.120
DSH012.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYU5b2b4R1b1a2a1a2R-P31210.120
DSH027.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYJ2b1a1R1b1a2a1a2R-P31210.120
UZH004.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYI2'3R1b1a2a1a2R-P31210.120
UZH026.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYH2a2aR1b1a2a1a2R-P31210.120
ULK011_ss.A0201UneticeXYHV+16311R1b1a2a1a2R-P31210.120
UZH010.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYT2R1b1a2a1a2bR-U15210.120
ZWD001.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYK1a4bR1b1a2a1a2b1R-U152 / R-L210.120
ZWD002.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYK1a4bR1b1a2a1a2b1R-U152 / R-L210.120
SLB045_ss.A0201UneticeXYU5a1bR1b1a2a1a2b1R-U152 / R-L210.120
ULK012_ss.A0201UneticeXYHV+16311R1b1a2a1a2b1R-U152 / R-L210.120
UZH040.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYHV16
UZH042.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXYHV16
DSH001.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXT2a1b1a1b
DSH010.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXX2d
DSH011.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXH4a1c1
DSH016.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXX2d
DSH018.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXK1b1a
DSH019.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXK1a+195
DSH021.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXH18
DSH022.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXK1a+195
DSH024.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXH18
DSH029.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXT1a1
DSH030.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXH1
DSH031.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXJ1c
UZH007.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXU2e1a1
UZH009.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXH5a1
SLB001.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXH2a2a1
SLB005.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXHV15
SLB006.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXHV15
SLB007.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXW1+119
SLB008.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXW1
SLB011.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXK1c1
SLB012.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXT2
SLB013.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXH1+152
SLB014.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXX2b'd
SLB015.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXX2b
SLB018.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXW1h
SLB020.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXW
SLB021.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXU5b2c
SLB023.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXN1a1a1a
SLB031.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXJ1c
SLB032.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXI4a1
SLB037.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXT2b
UZH013.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXT2e
UZH014.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXU5a1b1
UZH015.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXU5a1b
UZH020.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXH2a2a1h
UZH021.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXH2a
UZH022.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXH1b
UZH023.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXH1b
UZH024.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXT2
UZH025.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXH1
UZH027.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXU4b1a1a1
UZH031.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXK1c2
UZH034.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXK1a1a
UZH036.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXR8b2
UZH038.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXH13a1a1d
UZH039.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXH1
UZH041.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXU4a3a
UZH043.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXK1a3
UZH045.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXK1a4b
UZH047.A0101.TF1.1UneticeXXH2a2a1
SLB009_ss.A0201UneticeXXK1c1
SLB019_ss.A0201UneticeXXX2b
SLB033_ss.A0201UneticeXXU5b3b
SLB034_ss.A0201UneticeXXK1a+195
SLB046_ss.A0201UneticeXXW
ULK001_ss.A0201UneticeXXH1ba
ULK002_ss.A0201UneticeXYK1
ULK003_ss.A0201UneticeXXU5a1b1e
ULK004_ss.A0201UneticeXXH10a1
ULK009_ss.A0201UneticeXXHV+16311
ULK010_ss.A0201UneticeXXV3
ULK017_ss.A0201UneticeXXH1q3
ULK018_ss.A0201UneticeXXH15a1b
FZH002.A0101.TF1.1UnterwölbingerXYR1bG2a2b2a1a1b1a1a1a1b4b1G- Z4467515.73
PEB006.A0101.TF1.1UnterwölbingerXYU5b1d1aR1b1a1bR-M26915.73
PEB018.A0101.TF1.1UnterwölbingerXYT2c1dR1b1a1bR-M26915.73
FZH001.A0101.TF1.1UnterwölbingerXYT2eR1b1a2a1aR-L15110.120
PEB004.A0101.TF1.1UnterwölbingerXYH1eR1b1a2a1a2R-P31210.120
PEB012.A0101.TF1.1UnterwölbingerXYNAR1b1a2a1a2R-P31210.120
PEB019.A0101.TF1.1UnterwölbingerXYH1mR1b1a2a1a2R-P31210.120
PEB017_ss.A0201UnterwölbingerXYT2c1d1R1b1a2a1a2R-P31210.120
FZH003.A0101.TF1.1UnterwölbingerXYH2aR1b1a2a1a2bR-U15210.120
PEB009.A0101.TF1.1UnterwölbingerUU5a1i
PEB015.A0101.TF1.1UnterwölbingerX2d
PEB005.A0101.TF1.1UnterwölbingerXXJ1c2m
PEB007.A0101.TF1.1UnterwölbingerXXX2b4
PEB011.A0101.TF1.1UnterwölbingerXXH1e
PEB013.A0101.TF1.1UnterwölbingerXXK2a5
PEB014.A0101.TF1.1UnterwölbingerXXH2a2a
PEB016.A0101.TF1.1UnterwölbingerXXT2c1+146
PEB010_ss.A0201UnterwölbingerXXU2e1c1
 
Last edited:
Oops! some Y-R1b-L21 in Unetice north-Austria? Confirms old age of L51 > L11 fragmentation, in west-central Europe and not in West as someones dreamed some few years ago. That even if we can imagine some short travels from West to East... If I remember well, L21 is found today among Romance speaking pop's of Switzerland and not only in regions where an influence from orth-West is suspected.
But as a whole, no surprise, among Y-R1b it would be U152+ peope who were the majority (eastern BBs origin).
 
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