As I have explained in Revising the classification of Indo-European languages, I believe that there were two distinct groups of Indo-European speakers, one link to haplogroup R1b, which spread from Anatolia, the North Caucasus and the southern Yaman culture (grassy Pontic-Caspian Steppe), the other linked to R1a and originally expanding from the northern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia. The R1b branch became essentially West European and Centum, and the R1a branch chiefly Northeast European and Asian.
Although it seems that the R1a group adopted the language of the PIE R1b (given that the oldest branch of IE language is the Anatolian branch), I believe that a lot of native "R1a" words survived and were never found in the Western group, and vice versa. I also think that the different pronunciation of pre-IE language of the R1a people caused the satemization of the Eastern branch.
In this thread I would like to make a list of all the basic words found in Italic and Celtic languages which clearly differ from Balto-Slavic and Indo-Iranian languages. The Germanic words can fit in either. I prefer to exclude other branches which are not clearly R1a or R1b or have too much non-IE influence, including Albanian, Greek, Armenian and extinct languages such as Dacian and Thracian. Anatolian IE languages being older than the PIE expansion from the Pontic Steppes, I prefer to exclude them too.
Linguists please help !
EDIT
According to the Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European by Mallory & Adams :
Cognates in Western IE only :
small => *pau
leaf => *behl
root => *wr(ha)d
sand => *samhdhos (Latin sabulum, Proto-Germanic *sanda)
Cognates in Eastern IE only :
stone => *hekmon
mountain => *g(w)orh
Although it seems that the R1a group adopted the language of the PIE R1b (given that the oldest branch of IE language is the Anatolian branch), I believe that a lot of native "R1a" words survived and were never found in the Western group, and vice versa. I also think that the different pronunciation of pre-IE language of the R1a people caused the satemization of the Eastern branch.
In this thread I would like to make a list of all the basic words found in Italic and Celtic languages which clearly differ from Balto-Slavic and Indo-Iranian languages. The Germanic words can fit in either. I prefer to exclude other branches which are not clearly R1a or R1b or have too much non-IE influence, including Albanian, Greek, Armenian and extinct languages such as Dacian and Thracian. Anatolian IE languages being older than the PIE expansion from the Pontic Steppes, I prefer to exclude them too.
Linguists please help !
EDIT
According to the Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European by Mallory & Adams :
Cognates in Western IE only :
small => *pau
leaf => *behl
root => *wr(ha)d
sand => *samhdhos (Latin sabulum, Proto-Germanic *sanda)
Cognates in Eastern IE only :
stone => *hekmon
mountain => *g(w)orh
Last edited: