@ zanipolo
Concerning
G2a-P15 and the Neolithic diversity;
Boattini et al 2013
Most notably, G2a-P15 haplotypes from NWI cluster mainly with German ones, while haplotypes from SEI seem to indicate wider relationships, going from Iberia to the Balkans and the Caucasus.
Meaning that G2a spread to NW Italy via the Alps (northern route) while G2a in South Italy was spread via Caucasus > Anatolia > Balkans /
this prob. indicates the first split ~5400 YBP (3400 BC)
A cemetery from medieval Bavaria tested largely for G2a;
This study
Niederstätter et al 2012 about
East Tyrol [270 samples]
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0041885#pone.0041885.s013
shows that
G2a-P15 =
7.4% in
East Tyrol /
TableS7;
If we now consider also
Ötzi [G2a2b-(L91)] and the
Neolithic cultures of
Remedello I and
Mondsee-Altheim which exceeded across the Eastern Alps into the Po Valley [Lake Garda (Brescia)] than G2a-P15 haplotypes from NW Italy clustering mainly with German
G2a-P15 haplotypes gets an historic-archaeological frame;
The
Ötzi axe was from
Mondsee copper and of the
Remedello I axe type!
Unfortunately
Boattini et al 2013 doesnt mention anything on the Sardinian G2a-P15; However, thats a surprising note about
Sardinia
Boattini et al 2013
On the contrary, I2-M26 samples from Sardinia (SAR) cluster in a separate group than Iberians, suggesting a geographical neat separation between continental and Sardinian I2-M26 lineages.
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PS: I agree with you on G2a being from Neolithic (older) since it is also 13.4% in Sardinia and also attested by
Ötzi,
meaning G2a being pre-Indo-European;