Johane Derite
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(Image) Albanian is one of the 9 main living branches of the Indo-European languages.
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Most plausible, Illyrian, Phrygian, Armenian and others, were speakers of a centum IE language during the bronze age. It has changed probably during the iron age not later. I have read that even the Tracian language has changed during the iron age becoming a satem language. Closest Albanian relative of Albanian still spoken probably is Armenian. They differed somewhere no later than 1200 bce. It's the time when proto Armenians moved to Anatolia, along with Phrygians, known with the exonym of eastern Mushki people. The western Mushki were probably the Phrygians. While the Lydians where a mix of Luwians, Eteo Cretans and Proto Illyrians. Armenians and Albanians are related the same as Germanics with Italics.
The position of Lydian language is still not established. It doesn't looks clearly Anatolian.
Proto Armenian , Proto Illyrian and proto Phrygian are probably the same thing
The existence of a Dacian river called Sargetia makes the "Armenian" etymology even more possible.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decebalus_Treasure
The existence of a Dacian river called Sargetia makes the "Armenian" etymology even more possible.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decebalus_Treasure
Linguist E. Hamp argued that the Greek language originated in the Caucasus due to its Indo-Iranian and Armenian affinities. While Albanian shares a large number of unique words only with Greek, it has negligible relations with Indo-Iranian & Armenian suggesting different origins.
Glad to see you put that link to good use, Johane! Great visuals!
So Albanian is an Apple language? What is apple in Albanian? What's interesting is that Armenian isn't an Apple language (the Armenian word for apple is "khundzor"--thought to be a Hurrio-Urartian loan) but Phrygian is listed as being an Apple language on this map. This further confounds the Armenian-Phrygian connection.
What's interesting is that the burials at Alaca Höyük in central Turkey (near where Hattusha was) are believed to have been Indo-European but there is speculation that they were not Anatolian/Hittite. I wonder if they could have been proto-Greek? The area on your map that that says "proto-Greek" covers the region where Hattusha/Alaca Höyük was located.
According to Hamp it is.
"Apple" in Albanian is "moll�", a loan word from Ancient Doric Greek according to Schumacher & Matzinger, so the original Alb one was replaced in this scenario.
Yes, Hamp argues that pre-greeks were there before moving south, if those IE graves that are none anatolian/hittite are legitimate then that is a very interesting correspondence.
Also, i have to say i was surprised about Hamps position on phrygian being part of the same branch as italic-celtic, but this comparison to the Galatians shows that a movement from this group is not impossible.
The map is just a prettier visualization of the map on pg 13 of that paper:
http://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp239_indo_european_languages.pdf
The information about Alaca not being (Proto)Hittite is from the book The Hittites: and Their Contemporaries in Asia Minor by J.G. Macqueen. The edition I have is from the mid-1980s, so I'm not sure if the information or perspective is outdated, but in it, Macqueen argues that the Alaca tombs were clearly Indo-European burials, but the particular style of the graves/kurgans and metal artifacts found within, while similar to other tombs found on the Turkish Black Sea coast and in the Caucasus, were dissimilar from other southern (i.e. Hittite) burials. Macqueen explicitly states that the people buried in Alaca were not proto-Hittites, Luwians, Palaics. If this is true, it leaves three options: they were proto-Greeks, they were proto-Armenians, or they were some other (non-Anatolian family) Indo-European group that have long since died out and left no record.
As for the Phrygians, I've read that it's now believed that they were most similar to the Greeks, but I've also seen them being variously categorized as Thracian-speakers, connected with the Cimmerians, or some other sort of Paleo-Balkanic language.
I always thought Justin and Justinian were Dacian or Thracian given they were from what is now the Republic of North Macedonia.
I always thought Justin and Justinian were Dacian or Thracian given they were from what is now the Republic of North Macedonia.
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