To understand the IE languages expansion, we might need to study pre-IE languages in Europe. The best candidate pre-IE language is basque since it is still spoken today. Another pre-IE population in europe are the pelasgians, the earliest known inhabitants of the balkans. So my attempt is to compare pelasgian and basque. Since we don't know much about pelasgian, I am making an assumption that we will find traces of it in modern albanian. After digging in online dictionaries for about 1/2 hour, I think I found some suprising similarities.
dog - txakur, zakur (basque) - zagar (albanian)
mountain - mendi(basque) - mali(albanian)
forest - pinudi (basque) - pylli (albanian)
nut - intxaur (basque) - arre (albanian)
soldier - gudari (basque) - ushtari (albanian)
If I am on the right track with this, this would mean that Basque is the survivor of a family of languages that once were used in most of Europe. Since the basque people are 88% R1b, and many scientists claim that R1b has been in europe before the bronze age and IE-languages expansion, the whole R1a+R1b expansion in Europe with IE-languages seems flawed. Which would mean that we don't really have a model how the IE languages expanded in Europe.
Zagar seems to be a satem version of the English
dog.
The word
mendi is much more similar to the Spanish
montaña or the English
mountain rather than the Albanian
mali.
Pinudi seems to have been derived from the Latin
Pinoideae(Different types of pines),
pinu means
pine in Basque. While
pylli seems related to
forest.
Intxaur and
arrë are quite similar to the English
walnut.
I don't know the etymology of the word
ushtar, but
gudari is more similar even to the English
soldier, or other words like
guard etc.
I have my doubts about the validity of the very concept of "Pelasgian" (that is, a common pre-IE language on the Balkans), and honestly I find any connections of "Pelasgian" with Albanian spurious. By the original meaning (how the Greeks used the word), it either refered to the ancestors of the Greeks or to the first people that lived in Greece before the Greeks (which may not be mutually exclusive). In the linguistic sense, it may make sense to dubb the Pre-Greek substrate "Pelasgian", but it's an unfortunate term since there certainly was not "one" Pelasgian language but several: Greek has borrowings from Anatolian (Luwic), Semitic and very probably also the as-of-yet-undeciphered Minoan language. You might talk about 'Pelasgian languages' (plural), but considering how they were obviously not related with each other, this seems without purpose. If the "Pelasgian" hypothesis in the sense of a common Balkans pre-IE substrate was correct, we would expect a common substrate found in both Greek and Albanian, but I haven't seen a convincing example of this yet.
Independent of this, it's possible (and probable) that there are pre-IE substrate words in Albanian, but there is no connection what so ever with the so-called 'Pelasgians'.
So let's see...
I don't want to discourage you (rather the opposite), but to me, I'm afraid, most of the words look only superficially similar:
- "mendi" requires an earlier *bendi.
- "pinudi" is very probably a Latin loanword, from Latin "pinetum" (grove).
- "intxaur" ("walnut") is probably a compound word - see "hur" ("hazelnut").
- "gudari" is a compound word, derived from "gudu" ("battle"). It is formed in a similar way as for instance "edan" (to drink) > edari (beverage). Albanian "ushtri" is usually thought to be derived from Latin "hostis" - in any case the two words look not particularly similar to me.
On the flip side, I have noticed these two peculiar words which have no parallel outside Albanian:
- "hekur" (iron)
- "xeheror" (ore, mineral)
That's a lot of assumptions. The oldest find of R1b thus far comes from a Beaker-Bell site in Germany, but it's absent from the various Neolithic sites in western and central Europe - in so far I find the evidence for a founder effect in western Europe quite compelling. If R1b was anywhere in Europe before, it would have been the Balkans (L23 cluster on the Balkans, which is sitting outside of Western Europe L51, however). I'm also not very convinced on the Basque-R1b connection, it's also possible that the Basques were formerly predominantly I2-M26.
Hekur seems related to the Spanish
hierro and even the English
hard.
Xeheror is strange, but both words that you mentioned seems to be related, first we have
ore <>
xeheror and than we have
mineral <>
xeheror.
I guess you answered your own questions.
I wonder for their etymology. In modern Albanian "heq" (in Gheg: "hek") means "extract" (v);
"hequr" (in Gheg: "hekur") means "extracted".
Is it possible to be a coincidence?
Maybe, or maybe not. Notice than as you yourself pointed out,
heq means
extract. Also I don't know if you're not actually Geg or are trying to fool the forum members, but in Geg
extracted is said
hekun and not
hekur.
Old Georgian ძაღ-ალ Dzag-al - Dog
Exactly
Dzag-al <>
Dog.
I found some more albanian - basque similar words:
flower - lore (basque)- lule (alb.)
eat - ano (food supply ) - ha
circle - korru (basque) - korr (harvest in a circular motion with a sicle alb.)
square - karratu (basque) - katror (alb.)
house - etzea (basque) - e zene (occupied alb.)
edge, border - hegi (basque) - hendek (alb.)
head - buru (basque) - burim (source alb.)
exchange - truka (basque)- truk (trick alb.) I guess this is close to english too.
bird - txori (basque) - zok, zog (alb.)
luck - zori (basque) - zorr (barely, luckily alb.)
etrified:
Well,
lule is much more related to the English
flower. While the Basque
lore seems to derive from the Spanish
flor(flower).
Food supply in Basque is said
elikagaien hornidura.
This
circle thing was really funny. First,
circle in Basque is said
zirkulu and that explains itself. While as you said
të korrësh means
to harvest, and it's very similar to the English correspondent.
The Albanian
katror derives from the Latin
quattor(four).
Etxea is no way related to the Albanian
zënë(busy or occupied, not in the military meaning),
etxea seems to have derived from the Latin
tectum(rooftop).
<about this
hendek thing. Do you realize that
hendek is a Turkish word right? And it has been adopted from Albanian not too much time ago. While
hegi and
edge seems quite similar.
How are the words
head and
source related to each others?
Buru(head) seems to have the same origin as the Albanian
burrë(man), both from the Spanish
hombre(man). While
burim(source) has the same origin as the Dutch
bron(source).
After reading this
truk thing I'm starting to have concerns about you, or you're a ***** or a total i...
...well, totally iiiiignorant in linguistics. The Albanian
truk cannot even be understood from the old generations, because it's a word that has entered in the Albanian language after the fall of the communist dictatorship via the French
truc(trick). On the other side the Basque
truka is a lot similar to the English
trade or even the Albanian
treg(market).
The Albanian(satem)
zog(bird) is related to the Scandinavian(centum) languages, the Danish and Norwegian
fugl(bird) and the Swedish
fågel[FONT=arial, sans-serif]
(bird). On the other side[/FONT]
txori[FONT=arial, sans-serif]
(bird) seems to be related a lot to the Albanian [/FONT]
sorrë[FONT=arial, sans-serif]
(crow).[/FONT]
[FONT=arial, sans-serif]
The Basque [/FONT]
zori[FONT=arial, sans-serif]
(luck) probably derives from the Latin [/FONT]
fors[FONT=arial, sans-serif]
(chance), while the Albanian me zorr(barely) derives from the Turkish zar zor (barely).[/FONT]
[FONT=arial, sans-serif]
Conclusion you just made yourself look ridiculous and made me involuntary find by mistakes two clear similarities between Albanian and Basque.
It was more easy for me to find them by mistake than you by intention. Linguistics is a science and in science you study the evidence and came up with a conclusion and not vice-versa, that would be religion. Your claims are pure myth.[/FONT]