The Hinxton genomes were released in October 2014 and I already analysed their admixtures using the Dodecad dv3 and K12b calculators at the time.
Here is another look at them using the Eurogenes K36 admixtures instead. It's a good opportunity to see which component of K36 correlate most with Celtic or Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) ancestry.
Keep in mind that the component names for the Eurogenes K36 admixture are not accurate and do not represent the region of origin, nor even the region where it is the most common today. One of the reasons fro comparing ancient genomes is to try to determine what these components really mean. For more information check the analysis of the K36 components.
Hinxton 1 (Iron-age Celt, R1b-L21, K1a1b1b)
0.00% Amerindian
0.00% Arabian
0.00% Armenian
0.18% Basque
0.00% Central_African
6.95% Central_Euro
0.00% East_African
0.00% East_Asian
2.83% East_Balkan
0.00% East_Central_Asian
0.11% East_Central_Euro
0.00% East_Med
8.63% Eastern_Euro
7.28% Fennoscandian
7.69% French
20.20% Iberian
0.00% Indo-Chinese
5.01% Italian
0.00% Malayan
0.00% Near_Eastern
0.09% North_African
18.73% North_Atlantic
1.49% North_Caucasian
20.11% North_Sea
0.00% Northeast_African
0.00% Oceanian
0.00% Omotic
0.00% Pygmy
0.00% Siberian
0.00% South_Asian
0.00% South_Central_Asian
0.00% South_Chinese
0.71% Volga-Ural
0.00% West_African
0.00% West_Caucasian
0.00% West_Med
Hinxton 4 (Iron Age Celt, R1b-L21, H1ag1)
0.00% Amerindian
0.00% Arabian
0.00% Armenian
1.01% Basque
0.00% Central_African
8.46% Central_Euro
0.00% East_African
0.00% East_Asian
0.24% East_Balkan
0.00% East_Central_Asian
6.52% East_Central_Euro
0.00% East_Med
1.22% Eastern_Euro
12.00% Fennoscandian
10.18% French
18.53% Iberian
0.00% Indo-Chinese
5.53% Italian
0.00% Malayan
0.00% Near_Eastern
0.00% North_African
19.48% North_Atlantic
3.90% North_Caucasian
12.92% North_Sea
0.00% Northeast_African
0.00% Oceanian
0.00% Omotic
0.00% Pygmy
0.00% Siberian
0.00% South_Asian
0.00% South_Central_Asian
0.00% South_Chinese
0.00% Volga-Ural
0.00% West_African
0.00% West_Caucasian
0.01% West_Med
Hinxton 2 (Anglo-Saxon, H2a2b)
0.00% Amerindian
0.00% Arabian
0.00% Armenian
2.78% Basque
0.00% Central_African
7.27% Central_Euro
0.00% East_African
0.00% East_Asian
0.04% East_Balkan
0.00% East_Central_Asian
2.25% East_Central_Euro
0.00% East_Med
5.78% Eastern_Euro
10.38% Fennoscandian
5.66% French
0.01% Iberian
0.00% Indo-Chinese
10.57% Italian
0.00% Malayan
0.00% Near_Eastern
0.00% North_African
24.92% North_Atlantic
0.00% North_Caucasian
27.69% North_Sea
0.00% Northeast_African
0.00% Oceanian
0.00% Omotic
0.00% Pygmy
0.00% Siberian
0.00% South_Asian
0.74% South_Central_Asian
0.00% South_Chinese
1.90% Volga-Ural
0.00% West_African
0.00% West_Caucasian
0.00% West_Med
Hinxton 3 (Anglo-Saxon, K1a4a1a2)
0.00% Amerindian
0.00% Arabian
0.01% Armenian
4.67% Basque
1.04% Central_African
8.10% Central_Euro
0.00% East_African
0.00% East_Asian
0.00% East_Balkan
0.00% East_Central_Asian
0.25% East_Central_Euro
0.00% East_Med
0.18% Eastern_Euro
11.54% Fennoscandian
6.34% French
5.18% Iberian
0.00% Indo-Chinese
2.77% Italian
0.00% Malayan
0.00% Near_Eastern
0.02% North_African
21.30% North_Atlantic
2.22% North_Caucasian
31.83% North_Sea
0.00% Northeast_African
0.00% Oceanian
0.00% Omotic
0.00% Pygmy
0.00% Siberian
0.00% South_Asian
1.04% South_Central_Asian
0.00% South_Chinese
0.24% Volga-Ural
0.01% West_African
3.25% West_Caucasian
0.01% West_Med
Hinxton 5 (Anglo-Saxon, H2a2a)
0.00% Amerindian
0.00% Arabian
0.00% Armenian
3.35% Basque
0.00% Central_African
6.27% Central_Euro
0.00% East_African
0.00% East_Asian
3.06% East_Balkan
0.00% East_Central_Asian
6.16% East_Central_Euro
0.00% East_Med
3.65% Eastern_Euro
12.55% Fennoscandian
6.15% French
15.42% Iberian
0.00% Indo-Chinese
6.28% Italian
0.00% Malayan
0.00% Near_Eastern
0.94% North_African
15.76% North_Atlantic
1.05% North_Caucasian
19.35% North_Sea
0.00% Northeast_African
0.00% Oceanian
0.00% Omotic
0.00% Pygmy
0.00% Siberian
0.00% South_Asian
0.00% South_Central_Asian
0.00% South_Chinese
0.00% Volga-Ural
0.00% West_African
0.00% West_Caucasian
0.00% West_Med
The results are not at all what one could expect based on the region's names. For example:
- All three have about as much Fennoscandian. Why would one of the Celtic Briton score as high as the Anglo-Saxons?
- There are huge discrepancies between Anglo-Saxon samples. One of them has considerably relatively high percentages of Basque and West Caucasian, for unexplained reasons.
- I expected was higher North_Sea in the Anglo-Saxons and higher North_Atlantic in the Celtic Britons. It's true for Anglo-Saxons, but one Celt also has more North_Sea than North_Atlantic.
- The Dodecad admixtures showed 7% and 3.5% of African in Hinxton1 and Hinxton2. These have disappeared here, but Hinxton3 and Hinxron4 still have 1% of it. It could be a misidentified or extinct admixture.
So it looks like there was still a lot of genetic heterogeneity 1300 years ago, much more than in the modern population.
Here is another look at them using the Eurogenes K36 admixtures instead. It's a good opportunity to see which component of K36 correlate most with Celtic or Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) ancestry.
Keep in mind that the component names for the Eurogenes K36 admixture are not accurate and do not represent the region of origin, nor even the region where it is the most common today. One of the reasons fro comparing ancient genomes is to try to determine what these components really mean. For more information check the analysis of the K36 components.
Hinxton 1 (Iron-age Celt, R1b-L21, K1a1b1b)
0.00% Amerindian
0.00% Arabian
0.00% Armenian
0.18% Basque
0.00% Central_African
6.95% Central_Euro
0.00% East_African
0.00% East_Asian
2.83% East_Balkan
0.00% East_Central_Asian
0.11% East_Central_Euro
0.00% East_Med
8.63% Eastern_Euro
7.28% Fennoscandian
7.69% French
20.20% Iberian
0.00% Indo-Chinese
5.01% Italian
0.00% Malayan
0.00% Near_Eastern
0.09% North_African
18.73% North_Atlantic
1.49% North_Caucasian
20.11% North_Sea
0.00% Northeast_African
0.00% Oceanian
0.00% Omotic
0.00% Pygmy
0.00% Siberian
0.00% South_Asian
0.00% South_Central_Asian
0.00% South_Chinese
0.71% Volga-Ural
0.00% West_African
0.00% West_Caucasian
0.00% West_Med
Hinxton 4 (Iron Age Celt, R1b-L21, H1ag1)
0.00% Amerindian
0.00% Arabian
0.00% Armenian
1.01% Basque
0.00% Central_African
8.46% Central_Euro
0.00% East_African
0.00% East_Asian
0.24% East_Balkan
0.00% East_Central_Asian
6.52% East_Central_Euro
0.00% East_Med
1.22% Eastern_Euro
12.00% Fennoscandian
10.18% French
18.53% Iberian
0.00% Indo-Chinese
5.53% Italian
0.00% Malayan
0.00% Near_Eastern
0.00% North_African
19.48% North_Atlantic
3.90% North_Caucasian
12.92% North_Sea
0.00% Northeast_African
0.00% Oceanian
0.00% Omotic
0.00% Pygmy
0.00% Siberian
0.00% South_Asian
0.00% South_Central_Asian
0.00% South_Chinese
0.00% Volga-Ural
0.00% West_African
0.00% West_Caucasian
0.01% West_Med
Hinxton 2 (Anglo-Saxon, H2a2b)
0.00% Amerindian
0.00% Arabian
0.00% Armenian
2.78% Basque
0.00% Central_African
7.27% Central_Euro
0.00% East_African
0.00% East_Asian
0.04% East_Balkan
0.00% East_Central_Asian
2.25% East_Central_Euro
0.00% East_Med
5.78% Eastern_Euro
10.38% Fennoscandian
5.66% French
0.01% Iberian
0.00% Indo-Chinese
10.57% Italian
0.00% Malayan
0.00% Near_Eastern
0.00% North_African
24.92% North_Atlantic
0.00% North_Caucasian
27.69% North_Sea
0.00% Northeast_African
0.00% Oceanian
0.00% Omotic
0.00% Pygmy
0.00% Siberian
0.00% South_Asian
0.74% South_Central_Asian
0.00% South_Chinese
1.90% Volga-Ural
0.00% West_African
0.00% West_Caucasian
0.00% West_Med
Hinxton 3 (Anglo-Saxon, K1a4a1a2)
0.00% Amerindian
0.00% Arabian
0.01% Armenian
4.67% Basque
1.04% Central_African
8.10% Central_Euro
0.00% East_African
0.00% East_Asian
0.00% East_Balkan
0.00% East_Central_Asian
0.25% East_Central_Euro
0.00% East_Med
0.18% Eastern_Euro
11.54% Fennoscandian
6.34% French
5.18% Iberian
0.00% Indo-Chinese
2.77% Italian
0.00% Malayan
0.00% Near_Eastern
0.02% North_African
21.30% North_Atlantic
2.22% North_Caucasian
31.83% North_Sea
0.00% Northeast_African
0.00% Oceanian
0.00% Omotic
0.00% Pygmy
0.00% Siberian
0.00% South_Asian
1.04% South_Central_Asian
0.00% South_Chinese
0.24% Volga-Ural
0.01% West_African
3.25% West_Caucasian
0.01% West_Med
Hinxton 5 (Anglo-Saxon, H2a2a)
0.00% Amerindian
0.00% Arabian
0.00% Armenian
3.35% Basque
0.00% Central_African
6.27% Central_Euro
0.00% East_African
0.00% East_Asian
3.06% East_Balkan
0.00% East_Central_Asian
6.16% East_Central_Euro
0.00% East_Med
3.65% Eastern_Euro
12.55% Fennoscandian
6.15% French
15.42% Iberian
0.00% Indo-Chinese
6.28% Italian
0.00% Malayan
0.00% Near_Eastern
0.94% North_African
15.76% North_Atlantic
1.05% North_Caucasian
19.35% North_Sea
0.00% Northeast_African
0.00% Oceanian
0.00% Omotic
0.00% Pygmy
0.00% Siberian
0.00% South_Asian
0.00% South_Central_Asian
0.00% South_Chinese
0.00% Volga-Ural
0.00% West_African
0.00% West_Caucasian
0.00% West_Med
The results are not at all what one could expect based on the region's names. For example:
- All three have about as much Fennoscandian. Why would one of the Celtic Briton score as high as the Anglo-Saxons?
- There are huge discrepancies between Anglo-Saxon samples. One of them has considerably relatively high percentages of Basque and West Caucasian, for unexplained reasons.
- I expected was higher North_Sea in the Anglo-Saxons and higher North_Atlantic in the Celtic Britons. It's true for Anglo-Saxons, but one Celt also has more North_Sea than North_Atlantic.
- The Dodecad admixtures showed 7% and 3.5% of African in Hinxton1 and Hinxton2. These have disappeared here, but Hinxton3 and Hinxron4 still have 1% of it. It could be a misidentified or extinct admixture.
So it looks like there was still a lot of genetic heterogeneity 1300 years ago, much more than in the modern population.
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