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https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Orhan-Ayaz-2/publication/366307611_Rise_of_Gobekli_Tepe_Culture_Hunting_Ground_Economy_and_the_Role_of_Speculative_Knowledge/links/63a99ed0097c7832ca6a302c/Rise-of-Goebekli-Tepe-Culture-Hunting-Ground-Economy-and-the-Role-of-Speculative-Knowledge.pdf RISE OF...

https://lens.idai.world/?url=/repository/eDAI-F_2020-2/eDAI-F_Clare.xml Göbekli Tepe (~9.500–8.000 calBC) is a prehistoric site in Southeast Turkey that dates back to an early stage in the transition from hunter-gathering to farming economies in the Near East. Research undertaken in the period...

There were a substantial number of North Africans at every site, including the Levant. This could mean they were an integral part of the Phoenician network, much more so than Europeans and Levantines (some Levantines discovered at both Sardinia and Sicily, though, and there are many people that...

Yes, Göbekli Tepe has been called the oldest city, which appears to be a newer concept than the original “temple”. see https://lens.idai.world/?url=/repository/eDAI-F_2020-2/eDAI-F_Clare.xml for signs of permanent settlement like remains of tool production and water collection. The Wikipedia...

Interesting. "Recent evidence suggests that selection for LP in Central and Northern Europe may have been in response to famine or pathogen exposure, and the pattern of LP persistence alleles reflected in ancient DNA (aDNA) corresponds with incident solar radiation (46), patterns which may be...

"the risk of lung cancer was 45 per cent lower, breast cancer 21 per cent lower and ovarian cancer 39 per cent lower in lactose-intolerant individuals. The study also looked at cancer incidence in close family members of the study participants but their cancer rates were the same as in the...

https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2209482119 SignificanceThe transition from foraging to herding and farming influenced human health, but the impact of regional differences in trajectories of cultural change on human biology are poorly resolved. We investigate long-term trends in human...

The article says there are sources that are quite detailed, but funnily enough not detailed enough. I doubt if the finer details of lime mixing were common knowledge. From the article again: ”Despite extensive literature related to the composition and applications of ancient Roman concretes...

Actually it’s carbonatation - the hardening of lime. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonatation They found that the whole particle doesn’t carbonatate and this the center remains active. It’s weaker than the surroundings, which encourages cracks to split the particle.

The healing effect may also be unintended and just a consequence of imperfect grinding/hydration/mixing.

Thanks for the link! Apparently the quicklime particles have to be big enough not to hydrate completely. This is a different process from the Roman undersea concrete: “Whereas previous evidence supports the formation of Al-tobermorite minerals in lime clasts of maritime structures due to...

Using quicklime directly in construction is pretty dangerous and unpredictable. Quicklime absorbs moisture really well. While doing that, it heats up, expands and changes its properties (converts into hydrated lime). So, there are huge issues in transporting and handling the material. The...

Abstract Bog body studies have focused on rich individual biographies, largely neglecting broader spatial and temporal trends. Here, the authors present the first large-scale overview of well-dated human remains from northern European mires, based on a database of 266 sites and more than...

Note that the reconstruction is of Ramesses II, Ramesses I’s grandson.

Both clusters and homogeneity can be detected at many levels. To follow your examples, Finns stand out as a cluster in relation to other countries, but there are also clusters within the country, depending on how closely you look. See https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5633394/...

A cluster is a group of genetically similar people. This is achieved by generations of mixing. A level of isolation is needed to mark a clear boundary between clusters. In Europe, this has been achieved by a lack of migration in rural populations from early Middle Age until the industrial age.

Uralic ancestry (k9) and N haplotype frequencies, from Tambets et al 2016: https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-018-1522-1

This study specifically looked at Uralic autosomal heritage. The southern regions had a fairly large proportion of N Y-DNA, but not that much Uralic ancestry compared to northern regions.

Also look at the N haplogroups of Finns, Estonians and Lihuanians. All these are separate branches. Maciamo did part of the work here: https://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_N1c_Y-DNA.shtml

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-archaeological-journal/article/an-upper-palaeolithic-protowriting-system-and-phenological-calendar/6F2AD8A705888F2226FE857840B4FE19 Abstract In at least 400 European caves such as Lascaux, Chauvet and Altamira, Upper Palaeolithic Homo sapiens...