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Lately every time I post on a board somewhere the response is invariably rude and sarcastic. People suck.

I believe the "hole" is geographic. The Black Sea, Caucus Mountains, Caspian Sea, Karakum Desert, and Altai Mountains form a roughly continuous barrier between the Iranian/Kurdish peoples and the peoples of Europe. There is definitely gene flow but the population centers remain largely...

As of June, 2015, with several major papers published, it's almost certain that the Bell Beakers were exclusively R1B. It makes sense. A huge population shift should have left a huge archaeological record. The spread of R1A in the Bronze Age is associated with the Corded Ware culture and...

We can only speculate, but I lean more towards r1b coming first from the East via the Yamna Horizon. R1A Corded Ware came a little later from the Northeast. However know one knows at this point. I'm still not entirely sure that R1B wasn't hiding out in the far NorthWest with hunter...

Perhaps. Or maybe the villages burned regularly because, quite simply, out of control fires were a big problem. Tokyo used to burn regularly --- 'The flowers of Edo" is what I believe the Japanese called the fires that used to destroy Tokyo every few decades or so. But who knows....

So I guess we can put a fork in the theory that Europeans became lighter because of cereal farming and a subsequent lack of vitamin D.

The hunter gatherers seem to be a mixed group phenotypically. I wonder if this is evidence that they are ethnically diverse and not as uniform genetically as we believe.

I originally thought fair skin/ light hair was a mesolithic trait but then I abandoned the idea once we started getting genomes from WHG and they had dark phenotypes. These new findings are confusing.... and exciting. If I read those charts correctly, it would seem the R1B Samara HG is...

I am under the impression that the gene giving Neanderthals red hair is not the same gene responsible for red hair in modern people.

I believe you are correct. However, Maciamo's point is that because R1B "correlates" with red hair in Europe today, therefore they must be the "cause" of red hair, in essence bringing over the trait from the East. The new data suggests otherwise. It appears red hair has been in Europe...

Of course the Greeks and Romans referred to the Etruscans as immoral. They were enemies. We still do that in our culture today - taunting those we dislike as being "gay" or being "whores."

Ergo, R1B did not bring red hair into Europe from the East during the Bronze Age.

Sorry. I didn't mean to offend you by asking questions. I'll go now.

So is the theory, stating that the Bell Beakers originated in Portugal, now bunk? Or is there any doubt that the Beakers were R1B?

Correct me if I'm wrong, but doesn't R1B in the Mesolithic Samara HG disprove the theory of an Armenian homeland for IE? The Yamnaya have the Ydna of hunter gatherers and it seems they invaded the Armenian highlands and not the other way around? I don't profess to know anything. Just asking...

Megalith Builders?

I just can't wrap my head around it. If the light skin allele comes from EEF, then how did the WHG populations of the Baltic acquire it? I can understand if the EEF farmers got lighter as they moved north and eventually supplanted the WHG peoples. Yet the white Lithuanians of today who track...

Given the evidence so far for dark skinned Mesolithic Europeans, it seems likely that fair skin correlates with an adaptation by Neolithic farmers in order to process vitamin D from a cereal diet in a high latitude environment. At least so far. Blue eyes, on the other hand, seems to be a...

I've always wondered if the Indo-Europeans originated simply from the Eastern fringes of this basic Central European population blend of ANE, WHG, and EEF. Maybe even the low-level West Asian signal in Indo-Europeans comes from the earlier LBK culture in Central Europe and not from Anatolia proper.

So, three basal european meta-populations: 1. An indigenous Western European group with y-dna "I" that is isolated from Middle-Eastern/West Asian populations. 2. A Northern European group with a Siberian connection (maybe R1 and descended from Mammoth hunters?) 3. A Middle-Eastern/West...