byzantine empire

The image highlights a striking shift in coin flow patterns before and after the Arab conquests. In the first map (450–630 AD), coin flows center around the eastern Mediterranean, showing Byzantine dominance. After the Arab conquests (713–900 AD), flows shift westward, particularly towards...

Would any Balkan countries ever consider uniting under a Federal government? Is there any sense of unity between any of the Balkan countries? Are they all satisfied with their current boundaries? Not that I want to give anyone ideas especially in these crazy times :laughing...

It may come as a surprise to most people, but from a historian's point of view it makes perfect sense to say that the Roman Empire truly cease to exist in 1918, when the German Empire, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires were dismantled. Let me explain. The Romans founded Europe's first...

Many lists have been written about the most long-lived empires or states in the history of mankind and oddly enough nobody seems to agree on the ranking. That is because it depends how one counts. For example: a) Shall we consider only empires or also kingdoms and republics ? The longest-lived...