[FONT=Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif]Interesting study on lineages in Italy. It would seem that in northwestern Italy (Valle d'Aosta,Piemonte,Liguria,lombardia) the most frequent male subclade is R1b-u152 with it or one of it's subclades (L2.L20) affecting 35% of males in the region. The next most frequent was R1b P-312 at 12-13% of lineages. The next is E-V13 at 9.5% of lineages followed by G2a at 8%. Other lines as I1, I2a2 and J2a come in at only 3-4%. R1b M-269* is found at 4% and R1b L-21 at 2%. U106 is about as frequent as R1a1a (2%). In northeastern Italy though (Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Trentino alto Adige) the most frequent subclade is R1b-u152 at 20% of the males. Next are E-V13 and J2a which both affect 11% of lineages in the region each. I1 affects about 10% of men in this region as well. Another odd 8% belong to haplogroup L. R1b-M269 and G2a linger behind with 7% of men belonging to both in the area. Only 1.5% of men here belong to R1b-u106, 5-6% belong to P312 and 0% belong to R-L21. This indicates to l that other than R1b u152's presence, the vacuum hole isn't filled here by Germanic or Irish type R1b subclades, it's filled in by a bizarre mix of inflated Greek E-V13! Middle eastern j2a and Scandinavian I1 lineages with a bizarre L high as well. In the Emilia-Romagna region of north-central Italy, 31% of men are R1b-u152, 10% are R1b-L21, 10% are I1 , and 9% are G2a. Another 7% each are found for R1b P-312, R1b-M269, E-V13 and oddly J1e. R1b u-152 is still dominant in Emilia Romagna but the Irish R1b subclade, Scandinavian I1 and Neolithic G2a also have strong regional presence. It seems I1 frequencies are inflated in northeastern Italy and in the Emilia Romagna plateau region. In Tuscany, the most present lineage is R1b u-152 at 38% of men. The next most frequent lineage is R1b M-269 at 7%, both J2a and G2a have 6% each, E-V13 has 5% and R1a1a has 5%. P-312 is found at 5% and the Germanic R1b-u106 is found in a national high of 3% of males. In central Italy (northern Lazio, , Umbria, Marche) the most frequent subclade is R1b u-152 at 20% of the males. G2a here affects an impressive 14% of the men and J2a affects another 13% of men. r1b P312 is found at 8% here and R1b-m269 along with E-V13 have 6-7% each. In southern Italy (southern Lazio, Molise, Campania, Apulia, Calabria,Basilicata,Abruzzo) the biggest lineage is G2a with 16% of men belonging to the P15 branch of g (G2a). Another 11% belong to E-V13. 8% are R1b M-269 and another 8% are R1b u152, an extreme low in the south with a R1b M269 promotion to about 10% of men in the south. J2a only affects 7% of lineages here. On the island of Sicily, it was discovered the most frequent subclades were J2a and g2a both affecting 11% of the men on the island. Another 9-10% are R1b M-269. About 7% of them are E-V13 and R1b-u152. Another 5% are R1a1a.[/FONT]