Angela
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As usual a great post Angela. I'm in agreement, except:
Ancient horses were smaller and well suited to traverse great distances with their fast trot.
Mike Loades presented it in one historical documentary.
Actually, nature itself made a huge statement about helpful role of LP in parts of Europe, up to 90%. By nature standards it is as strong statement as it gets.
Let's mention that these were climate changes for the cooler and usually the dryer type, which creates the food shortages and drastic population decline. Warming up climate was always associated with higher food production and population expansion.
If it comes to climate change we should be more concerned about climate cooling and new ice age, than climate warming up, making our planet greener.
Have to run. More later.
I'm going to look him and his research up. I've never seen it. Would they still have been much good in all the heavily forested areas? I have to take a look at some of the maps I have of European topography at that time.
I don't doubt, by the way, that the ability to digest fresh milk can come in handy when crops fail, or that it wasn't selected for, because that obviously happened. I'm just saying there's no indication yet that it was present in steppe people or originated with them. It's also absolutely possible to grow huge populations without it, although I don't know off hand if the heavily populated areas of China extend far enough into the north for the failure of wheat crops to be a problem.
Wasn't it mostly european R1b type? It makes me really think that Y R1b chromosome gives offsprings couple of percentage point survival advantage over other types.
Indeed it was, which totally makes sense in terms of Central and South America, since the settlers were Iberians, but strangely enough, even in tribes like the Ojibway it's mostly R1b. You would think there'd be some "I" or a bit of "R1a" when we're talking about the English and the Scots, if not the Irish.
However the farther south one goes the lesser genetic input "steppe IEs" shows. And this is after additional invasions of Celts, Germans and Slavs of historical times.
That's one of the big questions for me. Was it just the fact that southern Europe was more densely populated because of fewer population crashes? Or was it a case of different kinds of Indo-Europeans going to Greece and Italy, much more CHG heavy "Indo-Europeans". Or was it both?