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6000 yo EHG pile dwellings near lakes and rivers in NW Russia : R1a1 -M17

Was not 100% ANE Malta boy in Russia 10s of thousands years ago?
Some Native tribes in Brazil are like 40% ANE.



"Russia" is not just Russia. Mal'ta boy was found somewhere in Siberia which is less connected to Western Russia than West Asia is to Europe.

We don't have yet any ancient samples from South_Central Asia but the fact that we know R* evolved somewhere further South brings us close to the conclusion that Mal'ta belonged to a wave of migrants who came from further South. Also additional to that ANE in modern populations peaks around South_Central Asia, now put the fact that R* has it's most diversity there into this all. And you will come to the conclusion South_Central Asia/Iran might be the original homeplace of ANE or either R1* or R* as a whole.
 
Also, I think the theory is that it is by this method that the steppe hunter gatherers learned pastoralism, farming etc. However, if they were still hunter gatherers what could they offer that was so valuable in terms of bride price? I suppose furs or something? There is the bride kidnapping to consider, but from what I know of pre-history this usually happened with neighboring cultures, and as I said before, I don't see much documentation for a farming culture on the steppe that derived from the Caucasus or Turkmenistan, and it's a long way to go up into the mountains or clear to the South Caucasus to get women. This to some satisfying image of eastern European he men with horses and large harems of women seems to me, even if it occurred, to belong to a much later period than the one under discussion. I find that this is a problem with all discussions of the "Indo-Europeans". People take the culture of the first millennium BC or even later and back project that culture onto much earlier steppe periods. It seems to me we have to talk about the culture of the people 5,000 to 4,000 BC perhaps, or a bit earlier?

The scale of the bride exchange or kidnapping that would be required is also worrying. Does anyone know off hand what percentage of Yamnaya mtDna was "U" versus the rest? Anyway, the autosomal impact was very large. Maybe someone can do the math and see if it's plausible that if you have a numerically small group of hunter-gatherers and and they mate with X percent of "Near Eastern" women (in larger percentages than their own?) for Y years this could be the result in the necessary time frame.
I wouldn't be surprised if Mykop turned R1b rich too, and actually they have moved north with their women into HGs territory catching 50% HG's admixture.
 
The N1c in your picture is from the time 4500BP("middle of III mill. BC") it is close to
the end of Pit–Comb Ware culture


indeed, there is only 1 older sample here, it is A3, which is R1a1
so we don't know whether N1c was there at the beginning of Pit-Comb
the only hint is the arrival of pottery, which I associate with N1c
 
"Russia" is not just Russia. Mal'ta boy was found somewhere in Siberia which is less connected to Western Russia than West Asia is to Europe.

We don't have yet any ancient samples from South_Central Asia but the fact that we know R* evolved somewhere further South brings us close to the conclusion that Mal'ta belonged to a wave of migrants who came from further South. Also additional to that ANE in modern populations peaks around South_Central Asia, now put the fact that R* has it's most diversity there into this all. And you will come to the conclusion South_Central Asia/Iran might be the original homeplace of ANE or either R1* or R* as a whole.
ANE in Modern populations peaks in native Brazilian tribe :) So, I suspect it was quite popular in Syberia HG long time ago. Much longer than PIE Language, Yamna, etc. I mean 10000s of years older.
Did it get to Malta boy from West Asia 30k years ago? Or from Malta boys to West Asia and Karintian Brazilians and EHG? To me Malta looks in the middle of this.
OK, looking for info where is Syb Malta and how high is ANE in Syberian indigenous tribes..
 
ANE in Modern populations peaks in native Brazilian tribe :) So, I suspect it was quite popular in Syberia HG long time ago. Much longer than PIE Language, Yamna, etc. I mean 10000s of years older.
Did it get to Malta boy from West Asia 30k years ago? Or from Malta boys to West Asia and Karintian Brazilians and EHG? To me Malta looks in the middle of this.
OK, looking for info where is Syb Malta and how high is ANE in Syberian indigenous tribes..


Yeah my fault I should have cleared my self that I meant in Eurasia it is peaks in South_Central Asia. But the fact that P, R* and even Q has it's highest diversity in the region around South/Southeast and Central Asia speaks for that it came from here.

Native Americans are simply a mix of East Eurasian + ANE. And Native Americans just have ~5% more ANE than Burusho or Kalasha for example who can some have as much as 40% ANE.
 
I dont know from where it arrived originally but since it was 30k years ago in Syberia, it had plenty of time to hunt and spread wide areas.

Look at ANE admixture map in eupedia, indigenous Saami and other not so indigenous Finno-Ugric people and Northern Russians have higher ANE than IE folk. I still could not find ANE levels for Syberia FU people.
 
Alan, I guess it is possible the ANE-affinity(ANE may not be a real thing, the whole tree-model was questioned in Haak 2015) in EHG may be from south or north of the Caucasus, we don't know. I'm very skeptical about R1 being exclusively from north Eurasia, because of basal forms in west Asia. Although it is pretty clear that R1 has a long history with Russia.

Think about it. The post-Mesolithic people of Russia had pretty much 100% Y DNA R1a, R1b, and N1c, like Mesolithic ones. But they also had alot of near eastern ancestry unlike the Mesolithic ones. Where did it come from. Since it is possible their Y DNA is from EHG and they had alot of typical west Asian mtDNA, a logical conclusion is that they had alot of west Asian mothers. So, the female trade network is simply an attempt to explain this. I'm not into the east European-macho man with 50 wives like others(maybe Davidski at Eurogenes), I just want to figure out what happened.

Werd

ANE may not be a real thing

I'm starting to wonder about this
 
But M417 could emerge only in one place - either north Eurasia or west Asia. Basal forms of M417 exist in both regions.

It doesn't matter where did ancestors of M417 come from over a dozen thousands years ago, but where was first M417 born.

After all, M417 is as much as 99% of entire modern R1a. Now more evidence indicates M417 emerged in Eastern Europe.

Why? Because basal forms in west Asia come only from modern people. While in north Eurasia we have basal forms from hunter-gatherers.

It may become interesting when we get samples from Poland. There is an ongoing project on ancient DNA there - info from April 2014:

"This year [2014] begins a major research program, the goal of which is to examine ancient DNA from several dozen archaeological sites from the area of Poland. This project is supposed to test ancient DNA of inhabitants of Poland from pre-Roman, Roman, early Medieval and Medieval times and compare it to DNA of modern inhabitants. Research is going to last at least 5 years, its authors are - among others - prof. Hanna Koćka-Krenz and prof. Janusz Piontek."

You're a savior to these forums
 
the image that has been cultivated for decades is of European colonists invading and destroying peaceful societies living in perfect harmony with nature
blaming the west for whatever goes wrong in this world and trying to make us feel guilty (and some things go wrong)

I still can't believe how much traction this seems to get, even among academics. With a straight face, people have been talking about the origin of all the problems of the modern world being traced back to IE expansions. Truth is stranger than fiction I guess.
 
I still can't believe how much traction this seems to get, even among academics. With a straight face, people have been talking about the origin of all the problems of the modern world being traced back to IE expansions. Truth is stranger than fiction I guess.

Now people want to be descended from Indo Europeans not "Old Europe"(EEF). East Europeans are having a great time with recent discoveries, especially the load R1a in Mesolithic Russia. The woman who created the kurgan hypothesis and put feminist ideals in it, was Lithuanian. They have about as much Yamna-like ancestry as anyone. She was probably hoping IE expansion was an elitist thing. I wonder how she would react to learning most of her ancestors were evil patriarchal IEs.
 
Now people want to be descended from Indo Europeans not "Old Europe"(EEF). East Europeans are having a great time with recent discoveries, especially the load R1a in Mesolithic Russia. The woman who created the kurgan hypothesis and put feminist ideals in it, was Lithuanian. They have about as much Yamna-like ancestry as anyone. She was probably hoping IE expansion was an elitist thing. I wonder how she would react to learning most of her ancestors were evil patriarchal IEs.

I know. Lithuanian. She basically spoke PIE lol.

The Indo-European world. A testament to what men can accomplish when they're not being nagged by Marija Gimbutas.
 
I know. Lithuanian. She basically spoke PIE lol.

The Indo-European world. A testament to what men can accomplish when they're not being nagged by Marija Gimbutas.

she idealized Old Europe and demonised IE
the Varna necropolis findings proved her wrong

but it is amazing to see how naive many people were in accepting this theory
 
If you silly little boys weren't so afraid of the big, bad womenz, you'd realize that in many ways Gimbutas was quite prophetic. Yes, she may have exaggerated how peaceful Neolithic society was, but she was quite right about IE coming originating with a Bronze Age kurgan culture from the steppes. And it is quite true that Neolithic Europe was, in general, less violent, less patriarchal and less socially stratified than the Bronze Age cultures that replaced it.
 
As far as I'm concerned this is all stuff and nonsense gentlemen. It has nothing to do with some left wing, feminist ideology. Some acquaintance with the History of Ideas in Europe might have disabused you of that notion. The "Bon Sauvage" concept developed out of 16th and 17th century European literature and philosophical writings where primitive societies or societies far in the past were idealized and held up as a reproach to the follies and problems of a modern society. However, the writings of Tacitus about the the Germans (De Origine et situ Germanorum) have much the same flavor and motivation. In terms of the later writings, you might want to acquaint yourself with the writings of Bartolome de las Casas. It might prove to mitigate as well the romanticized view of European hunter-gatherers which some people hold, people who then turn around and accuse Gimbutas of romanticizing "Old Europe". Some of you may see a feminist bias in Gimbutas' work, but I see a bias in this idealization of WHG hunters as well.

I try to take a more balanced and, I hope, objective approach. As a humanist, like Montaigne, I suppose my position is that customs differ but people everywhere are prone to violence and cruelty.
See: Of Cannibals

However, it is illogical to say that because all people are capable of cruelty, all people in every place and time are equally capable of cruelty. A wider acquaintance with cultural anthropology and history would disabuse you of that notion as well. There are indeed societies, even ancient societies, which were less warlike, less violent, or even if warlike, were not prone to ethnic cleansing and genocide. In the case of the position of women, there are many attested societies that even if warlike have matrilineal descent, and where the position of women is not quite so unequal. You may find an example in some Native American societies. Likewise, while "Old Europe" may not have been a place where women "ruled", I think it's safe to say that a society where worship of a female fertility goddess was prevalent might indeed have been a place where women and perhaps even the counsel of women in certain spheres were more respected. I have no idea why women as a whole should be expected to celebrate the end of that state of affairs.

As to the Indo-Europeans in general, I don't subscribe to the belief that they were necessarily barbaric savages who achieved their prominence in Europe by swimming in an ocean of blood, killing every man and sexually enslaving every woman. I think it was probably more nuanced than that, if just for the fact that it appears there was quite a decline in population in central Europe before they ever arrived. However, there are undoubtedly more than a few "internet warriors" who seem to relish that view of the past. I really don't have much of anything to say to people like that in real life, nor do I wish to...I'll just end with this...that is no different than the butchery and savagery that is being committed by ISIS in the Middle East. To say that it is appalling and disgusting doesn't do it justice. If it happened, it happened, but anyone who is proud of it should be ashamed of himself.

Ed. I didn't see your post, Aberdeen. I see you summarized it all in a much pithier way. :)
 
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If you silly little boys weren't so afraid of the big, bad womenz, you'd realize that in many ways Gimbutas was quite prophetic. Yes, she may have exaggerated how peaceful Neolithic society was, but she was quite right about IE coming originating with a Bronze Age kurgan culture from the steppes. And it is quite true that Neolithic Europe was, in general, less violent, less patriarchal and less socially stratified than the Bronze Age cultures that replaced it.

read this about violence among LBK neolithic tribes :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talheim_Death_Pit

tell me why in the Varna necropolis all the gold was concentrated in just 4 or 5 graves
read about the slavery in Uruk
who do you think were digging all this copper ores and gold in the Balkan mines?
I guess they were slaves

with a little bit of imagination and phantasy one could fabricate a story in which the invading IE people liberated the slaves in the Balkan
and you wouldn't be able to disprove it

there are to many stories and there is to little we actually know
 
As far as I'm concerned this is all stuff and nonsense gentlemen. It has nothing to do with some left wing, feminist ideology. Some acquaintance with the History of Ideas in Europe might have disabused you of that notion. The "Bon Sauvage" concept developed out of 16th and 17th century European literature and philosophical writings where primitive societies or societies far in the pasat were idealized and held up as a reproach to the follies and problems of a modern society. However, the writings of Tacitus about the the Germans (De Origine et situ Germanorum) have much the same flavor and motivation. In terms of the later writings, you might want to acquaint yourself with the writings of Bartolome de las Casas. It might prove to mitigate as well some of the romanticization of European hunter-gatherers in which people engage who then turn around and accuse Gimbutas of romanticizing "Old Europe". Some of you may see a feminist bias in Gimbutas' work, but I see a bias in this idealization of WHG hunters as well.

it is true since centuries the HG and even the neolithic societies were romanticized to be idylic

but from what I understand Gimbutas did emphasize the contrasts between idylic 'Old Europe' and 'IE warriors' , as if IE were the source of all evil

somehow the IE must have founded societies that were more sustainable than the neolithic societies that existed before their arrival


I think Gimbutas was a brillant anthropologist
but appearantly even the brains of brillant academical people get troubled by their own personal convictions
 
read this about violence among LBK neolithic tribes :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talheim_Death_Pit

tell me why in the Varna necropolis all the gold was concentrated in just 4 or 5 graves
read about the slavery in Uruk
who do you think were digging all this copper ores and gold in the Balkan mines?
I guess they were slaves

with a little bit of imagination and phantasy one could fabricate a story in which the invading IE people liberated the slaves in the Balkan
and you wouldn't be able to disprove it

there are to many stories and there is to little we actually know

The discoveries at Varna do suggest that social inequity can be created by differences in wealth as a result in metal production, even without highly effective but expensive bronze weapons. And some recent discoveries do suggest that some Neolithic societies may have been more violent than was assumed in the past. That doesn't change the fact that, overall, Neolithic societies were probably, on average, less violent, less patriarchal and less stratified than Bronze Age societies. Nor does it change the fact that Gimbutas was a brilliant archeologist who created the Kurgan Hypothesis and led the way in exploring the idea of a Neolithic world that was more complex and socially developed than had previously been assumed. If her later, more political work can be criticized for a certain lack of balance, it's no more misleading than the writings of some people who want to imagine IE society as similar to a Conan the Barbarian novel. If we see The Odyssey and The Cattle Raid of Cooley as tales that probably originated in the Bronze Age, we see two violent and highly stratified societies, but the Irish tale shows us a world that is considerably less patriarchal than Bronze Age Greece. And even in the Odyssey, the brutish Achilles is depicted as an object lesson on how not to live one's life.

I think people would do well not to pontificate about what's wrong with Gimbutas's research unless they've actually read her work.
 
If you are lucky enough to find English translation to Latvian folk songs Dainas (over 2,000,000 collected), you will quickly notice that you are dealing with most peaceful and nature loving people, our most aggressive war Daina - I rode through the Prussian land, playing kokle, singing song.
Our Dievs is walking rāmi (slow and easy) and does not harm even a small green leaf. We have cult of mothers attested (mothers of wind, sea, fire, field, forest...) from Old or even Older Europe.

We have also the highest % of WHG on this planet (together with our bros Lithuanians).

So, I easily get upset when WHG is linked to aggression, I believe the patriarchal militarist IE model DID NOT come from WHG people or admixture. First of all because WHG before IE historically were not patriarchal militarists :)
 
If you are lucky enough to find English translation to Latvian folk songs Dainas (over 2,000,000 collected), you will quickly notice that you are dealing with most peaceful and nature loving people, our most aggressive war Daina - I rode through the Prussian land, playing kokle, singing song.
Our Dievs is walking rāmi (slow and easy) and does not harm even a small green leaf. We have cult of mothers attested (mothers of wind, sea, fire, field, forest...) from Old or even Older Europe.

We have also the highest % of WHG on this planet (together with our bros Lithuanians).

So, I easily get upset when WHG is linked to aggression, I believe the patriarchal militarist IE model DID NOT come from WHG people or admixture. First of all because WHG before IE historically were not patriarchal militarists :)

Don't look at me, Arvistro.:smile: I'm certainly not laying the predilection for this kind of behavior at the feet of any of the ancient ancestral groups that make up "Europeans". I honestly don't believe this is "genetic", in the sense that one of these three groups is more genetically inclined toward patriarchy and militarism. Different cultures, however, can be more or less so inclined.

I'm not even laying it at the door of the "Indo-Europeans". That is being done by others as well.
 
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