Black and white races are social constructs that have no scientific basis. If these social constructs weren't created, there would not be any stupid arguments about people being black and white in regards to anything. Human beings are far too diverse to be pinned down to color names. There is a highly great amount of diversity in Africa alone. Africans have the greatest genetic variation. Africa is an extremely diverse continent with over 2,000 ethnic groups. That includes Nigeria with over 400 ethnic groups. These social constructs of races were created out of ignorance.
I am all for getting rid of the residue of Scientific Racism which the social constructs of the races are. I stopped believing in them over 7 years ago. I was brainwashed to believe in the social constructs of the races during my early conditioning as a child in 1970s and 1980s. I have experienced racism for being a person that is around half Sub Saharan African. I've been called the n'word numerous time. My first time was my 9th birthday. The last time was back in 2009. There have been people have tried to make me identify as black. Maybe those experiences why it took me so damned long for me to stop believing in the social constructs of the races when I was around 44 years old. I am 51 years old. Reading about genetics of human populations, learning a lot about my ancestral roots from genetic testing and genealogy including connecting with long lost family, and Rachel Dolezal Soul Woman fiasco were factors in why I changed my views about social constructs of race. I have grown to now despise them.
White or Caucasian was not always considered a unified race composed of anyone of European descent.
Whiteness was often considered exclusive to Anglo-Saxon descendants while other European groups were broken into different ethnic categories such as "Celt", "Slavs", "Iberics", and "Hebrews" which were considered separate races from the 1840s to the early 20th Century.
In the 1920s when there was a stemming migration from Europe, different races were subsumed into one category called "whiteness" to shore up a cultural majority against other racial groups and immigrants and this persisted throughout the 20th Century.
Race started as as a marker of kinship, but then we see it shift to become less about familial inheritance and more focused on physical indicators due to the rise of Enlightenment reasoning and labor exploitation.
I have been into Genetic Genealogy since 2011. The more I read up on genetics of human populations, the more I am convinced that the social constructs of the black and white races are outdated and stupid.
I never believed in the one drop rule which is outdated, racist, and stupid. I even identified as multiracial/multiethnic for the last 3 US Censuses.
According to a 2015 research study, The Genetic Ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States:
From 23andme database
African Americans show average proportions of 73.2% African, 24.0% European, and 0.8% Native American ancestry.
Latinos show average proportions of 65.1% European, 18.0% Native American, and 6.2% African ancestry
European Americans show average proportions of 98.6% European, 0.19% African, and 0.18% Native American ancestry
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach divided the human species into five races in 1779, later founded on cranial research (description of human skulls), and called them
the Caucasian race (Europe, the Caucasus, Asia Minor, North Africa and West Asia)
the Mongolian race (East Asia, Central Asia and South Asia)
the Aethiopian race (Sub-Saharan Africa)
the American race (North America and South America)
the Malayan race (Southeast Asia)
These five groups saw some continuity in the various classification schemes of the 19th century, in some cases augmented, e.g. by the Australoid race and the Capoid race in some cases the Mongolian (East Asian) and American collapsed into a single group.
The "three great races" according to Meyers Konversations-Lexikon of 1885–90.
The subtypes are:
Mongoloid race
Caucasoid race
Negroid race
Dravidians and Sinhalese and their classification is described as uncertain
The Mongoloid race sees the widest geographic distribution, including all of the Americas, North Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia, the entire inhabited Arctic while they form most of Central Asia and the Pacific Islands.
Arthur de Gobineau was a successful diplomat for the Second French Empire. He came to believe that race created culture, arguing that distinctions between the three "black", "white", and "yellow" races were natural barriers, and that "race-mixing" breaks those barriers down and leads to chaos. He classified the populations of the Middle East, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, North Africa, and southern France as being racially mixed. Gobineau also believed that the white race was superior to all others. He thought it corresponded to the ancient Indo-European culture, also known as "Aryan".According to his definitions, the people of Spain, most of France, most of Germany, southern and western Iran as well as Switzerland, Austria, Northern Italy, and a large part of Britain, consisted of a degenerative race that arose from miscegenation. Also according to him, the whole population of North India consisted of a yellow race.
In 1939, Charles Coon published The Races of Europe, in which he concluded:
The Caucasian race is of dual origin consisting of Upper Paleolithic (mixture of Homo sapiens and Neanderthals) types and Mediterranean (purely Homo sapiens) types.
The Upper Paleolithic peoples are the truly indigenous peoples of Europe.
Mediterraneans invaded Europe in large numbers during the Neolithic period and settled there.
The racial situation in Europe today may be explained as a mixture of Upper Paleolithic survivors and Mediterraneans.
When reduced Upper Paleolithic survivors and Mediterraneans mix, then occurs the process of dinarization, which produces a hybrid with non-intermediate features.
The Caucasian race encompasses the regions of Europe, Central Asia, South Asia, the Near East, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa.
The Nordic race is part of the Mediterranean racial stock, being a mixture of Corded and Danubian Mediterraneans.
In 1962, Coon also published The Origin of Races, wherein he offered a definitive statement of the polygenist view. Coon divided humanity into five races and believed that each race had ascended the ladder of human evolution at different rates.
Since Coon followed the traditional methods of physical anthropology, relying on morphological characteristics, and not on the emerging genetics to classify humans, the debate over Origin of Races has been "viewed as the last gasp of an outdated scientific methodology that was soon to be supplanted."
Charles Darwin concluded that the biological similarities between the different races were "too great" for the polygenist thesis to be plausible. He also used the idea of races to argue for the continuity between humans and animals, noting that it would be highly implausible that man should, by mere accident acquire characteristics shared by many apes.
In The Descent of Man, Darwin noted the great difficulty naturalists had in trying to decide how many "races" there actually were:
Man has been studied more carefully than any other animal, and yet there is the greatest possible diversity amongst capable judges whether he should be classed as a single species or race, or as two (Virey), as three (Jacquinot), as four (Kant), five (Blumenbach), six (Buffon), seven (Hunter), eight (Agassiz), eleven (Pickering), fifteen (Bory St. Vincent), sixteen (Desmoulins), twenty-two (Morton), sixty (Crawfurd), or as sixty-three, according to Burke. This diversity of judgment does not prove that the races ought not to be ranked as species, but it shews that they graduate into each other, and that it is hardly possible to discover clear distinctive characters between them.
Charles Darwin's ideas have been discounted by people in his time period because he believed in Abolitionism.
I believe that people that advocate and/or defend the social constructs of the races are part of the problem with racism.
The racial categories Caucasoid, Negroid, Mongoloid are actually considered obsolete racial classification of human beings based on a now-disproven theory of biological race.
