There is something else we may conclude from the Albanian paper/branches of E-V13: At least up to about 300-400 AD, there must have been still a totally E-V13 dominated population around. In fact, there seem to have been multiple subpopulations, completely dominated by E-V13.
The reason for this is, that we find a completely dominated spread of E-V13 into both South Western Germany and Albania in the Roman era. The common population of these "ancestral SW German" and "ancestral Albanian" E-V13 had branches which split from each other by around 500 BC-100 AD, so this is when we have to assume they split from each other. The "ancestral SW German" group split also from other Balkan-related branches mostly within that time frame.
So it means the expansion of these Northern, Dacian branches happened by and large in the La Tene-Dacian-Roman era, no later than 400-500 AD, and not from a mixed Roman, but a still totally Dacian/E-V13 dominated group. Quite typical is in this respect, that Albanians have, despite their proximity, barely any E-BY5022, which seems to be at least mostly South and East Thracian in origin. So the bulk of their E-V13 is not from the South Thracians and Greeks.
Going by the lack of direct overlap, I would assume that the "ancestral SW German" branches was coming from separate tribe, which was separated from the ancestral Albanian branches long before the Proto-Albanian/Late Antiquity period. Otherwise, since they are from the same upstream branches, we would expect way more recent overlaps, which don't exist.
So my current best estimate goes for:
Common North Dacian phase -> split of ancestral German vs ancestral Albanian vs Vlach/Balkan latest between 200 BC-200 AD (Dacian phase!). So we have three populations, which stem from one Dacian population, which formed separated subpopulations latest by 200 BC-200 AD, more likely earlier than later.
Then these three subpopulation experienced growth and founder events in their respective groups, at least some prominent lineages did, especially in Late Antiquity, after 400-500 AD.
This suggests to me we have one tribe which stayed behind, forming the bulk of the Balkan-Vlach lineages and expanding into Slavic tribes too. Then we have one big group which moved mostly to South Western Germany, either due to resettlement or a tribal movement, or both. And then we have a Pre-Albanian group, from the same source, which was isolated for a couple of hundred years before expanding in the Proto-Albanian period.
In my opinion that's because they were moving as a tribe, or being resettled, similar to the SW German case, into the area whereever the J-L283 etc. people were living.
And the reason for this having to be a completely E-V13 dominated population, is that again, the main E-V13 branches in Albanians show a specific pattern, not shared by the other Albanian haplogroups at all. It is not possible for the other haplogroups to have been centuries earlier in the same population, because you would expect similar patterns, especially with a similar main expansion of groups:
- SW Germany, Albanians, Balkan-Vlach assocation AND Slavic expansion at the same time.
Like there are J-L283 branches, which have a SW-German expansion too. But they don't have one in the other areas at the same time, in the same time frame. They don't have this Dacian pattern. This "Dacian pattern" is also absent from much of E-BY5022 and many other smaller E-V13 branches.
It is most specific to E-CTS9320 and the main branches of E-S2979, which totally dominate Albanian E-V13.
What this also suggests, is that there were multiple Dacian tribes or even if Romanised Daco-Roman subpopulations, still completely dominated by E-V13, up to Late Antiquity.
The split of both ancestral SW German and Albanian from the main group (Balkan, Vlach-Balkan, Slavic spread), suggests two options:
- Either we deal with tribes which have split earlier already, before the Roman period, with rather limited gene flow afterwards (e.g. from Transcarpathia vs. Transylvania vs. Oltenia or the like)
- Or we deal with a resettlement (e.g. into Rhine provinces and Dardania, Dacia ripensis, Dacia mediterranea etc. respectively) of the ancestral SW German and ancestral Albanian groups, which separated them already in the earlier Roman period from the main population.
To assess that, not just the Albanian samples are crucial, but also the Rhenish samples from Roman era Germany. Like it is important WHEN the E-V13 groups arrived: Pre-Roman, early Roman, late Roman or Post-Roman era. Because this would have huge implications.
If it was Pre-Roman, it would be Celtic-Dacian associated, but some branches are already very or even too close for that, based on more recent samples. If it was early Roman, it would have been Dacian tribals/groups resettled by the Roman authorities, Late Roman would suggest Daco-Carpi rather, post-Roman that they came in with tribal groups from the East.
But it is really pretty much evident that we deal with a main trunk (Carpatho-Balkan), from which both ancestral SW German and ancestral Albanian split, before it dissolved.
This is highly important, because it suggests a "Pre-Albanian" E-V13 tribe, which largely lived on its own, already before the Albanian ethnogenesis. This too doesn't prove they were the linguistic ancestors of Albanians, but it is quite significant for many reasons and if anything at least some sort of indication that they might have been ethnolinguistically impactful.
Because if you have one block of people, with an established identity, coming in at nearly 50 % and settling in a region. I mean they still could learn the local language, rather, which would have been Romance in most those areas by the way, but it increases the chances of them having transmitted their language, rather than the opposite way around. The Pre-Albanian E-V13 subpopulation was not just separated from non-E-V13 people, but also from other E-V13 subpopulations centuries before the Albanian ethnogenesis.
www.nature.com
