Dacian Language

The best and least nationistic and honest book I read about the area you are concerned with is:

Goths in Ancient Poland by Jan Czarnecki

It will clear up a lot of your queries, lingustically, migration, archeology , races etc etc
 
Taranis;373139In a nutshell said:
I was reading an article of a Finnish linguist about early Baltic loan to Finnic languages (Finnish and Sami) . According to his observation the early loans (over 350 words) happened around 1000 BC from Proto Balto-Slavic, which then split to West and East Baltic and Slavic languages. Nothing was said about Dacian -Thracian, but according to this theory the Dacian and Thracian languages could have split from Proto Balto-Slavic at that time, too.
 
I was reading an article of a Finnish linguist about early Baltic loan to Finnic languages (Finnish and Sami) . According to his observation the early loans (over 350 words) happened around 1000 BC from Proto Balto-Slavic, which then split to West and East Baltic and Slavic languages. Nothing was said about Dacian -Thracian, but according to this theory the Dacian and Thracian languages could have split from Proto Balto-Slavic at that time, too.

Ah yes, that might make sense. As mentioned before, there are a considerable number of Indo-European loans (of various stages, it seems) into the Uralic languages (or, at least into the Saamo-Finnic branch). It would be interesting the quantify them some time by origin (Proto-Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Baltic, Germanic, Slavic) in order to see how well that corresponds. Unfortunately, this would probably be an immense side project and I don't really have the time at the moment to pursue that.
 
Well dagne I made my promise,

If the reconstructed are really ancient Dacian, that means that anciet Dacian is a connection among south slavic and north Baltic,

the pronounce I don't know,
the connection with German I don't know,
the connection with Greco-Aryan is obvius but very changed,
The connection with Albanian lies in Germidava colony (Thermidava)


now about reading it

τ δ θ
π β φ
κ γ χ
are the allowed families

θ = th in Thus
δ = th in They
γ = wh in what or why
x = ch or h like h in Hurians or ch in achaic
υ = small short u the half time of U in Uranus mix of u and i (giota)
ου = Long and strong U
η = i as in in or e modern is e ancient was a double time i or a ie sounds like ii or ie




Dacian
word

Meaning
Modern cognates
(same meaning unless stated)

From wiki source


Lithuanian
(same meaning unless stated)
Piked up from the Great Lithuanian Dictionary
http://lkzd.lki.lt/Zodynas/Visas.asp
Ancient Greek
Hellenistc Greek
Modern Greek


toponyms etc














*aba, apa[23]
water, river
upė (Lith.) apă (Rom.)
-
ποταμος
ποταμος
ποταμι
*akmon[28]
stone, rock
akmuo (Lith.)
akmuons (Old Latv.)
akmuo
ακμων
ακμων
αμονι
*albo[32]
white


-






*alda (noun),
*alta- (adj.)[33]
swamp, waterlogged
aleti (Lith.: "flooded")
aluots (Latv.: "source")
ałt (Arm.: "filthy")
-
Ελος
Ελος




Ελουντα


*alm-
to flow, to stream


almėti






*amalas
mistletoe


amalas
αμαρας


You mean the plant?
αμαραντος
*auras, *auro[37]
water, moisture, pool


-




Αυρα the sea water breeze (wind from sea)
*axi-
black


-






*baidas
frightening, repulsive


baidytis (arkliai baidos – horses are scared)










*bal
warrior


-
Πολ
Πολεμιστης
Πολεμος


Πολεμος warrior, παλαιστης (wrestling fighter)
Πολεμιστης
(in fact polski means warrior in a Greco thracian, but I don't know if it is connected)
*balas,*balos[39]
strong [39]


-
Πελεος
παλαιστης
Παλαιστης
strong enough to wrestle
*balas
white


baltas




S Slavic Bialo
*berza
birch-tree


beržas






*bur, buris[43]
plentiful, rich , swollen [43].


-






*brukla[44]
cranberry
brūkle (Latv.)
bruknė






*buta(s)[46]
house, hut, dwelling
bùtas, butà (Lith.)
buts (Latv.: "small house")
buttan (Old Pr.)
butas






*čuk-[50]
peak, summit
ciucă (Rom.)
-






*daba
character, nature


daba (old)






*daba
put in order, good [53]


daboti – take care of






*dava
city, fortress


-




Pelasgian theba?? θηβα
*degis
burning, shining


degti – to burn, degis – a burn (






*dina
place, area, plain


-
πεδιας
πεδιας
Πεδινο πεδι-αδα
*dikas
brave or strong, mighty


-




Could be connected with the justice of the strong? Δικαιος?
Could be not
*dita(s)[54]
light (noun), bright (adj.)
ditë "day" (Alb.)
-
Cydonian (crete) dia δια= day
Homric Διοφαντος dayseen
δειλι dei-li end of day
Διαφανος δειλινο
Not in use after 100 BC
*drasda
thrush (bird)


drazdas






*dribas, *drigas[56]
wild, restless
dribis, dribulis (Latv.:"a restless man")
drignis (Lith.)
drigantas ? (wild restless person)
Δρατων virb means rapture,
noun is δρακος
Δραστης


drig → Dras
Δραστης
*duia[59]
swamp or mist, drizzle
dujà (Lith.: both meanings)
dujs (Latv.: "dirty")
duja (old.)






*dumas
dark brown


dūmas (smoke) (old. the colour of smoke)






*galtis
sheet-ice, frost


šaltis (cold) šalna frost???






*genukla[62]
pasture, meadow
ganyklà (Lith.)
ganīkla (Latv.)
ganykla






*ger[64]
smart, awake[64]


-
Ιεραξ
εγερμενος
virb εγειρω
S Slavic gore
Γεραξ


εγειρω
εγερσις
Γερακι a smart bird Hawk


change mean from awake to 'to raise' εγερσις = rebellion, raise a house, raise high something
*geras[66]
good (-natured), kind
gēras (Lith.)
geras
Γηραιος
old man with great manners,
Γερασω to tread to be nice, hospitallity.
Κερασω virb
Γερασιμος name
kerasma treat
Κερναω my treat, my nice manners
*germas
hot, warm


-
Thermas
θερμας
Thermos
θερμος
Θερμος
*gilus[62]
deep
gilùs (Lith.)
dziļš (Latv.)
gillin (Old Pr.)
gilus






*gira (giria)
forest or mountain


giria






*granda[69]
plank
grandà (Lith.: "bridge-plank")
grandico (Old Pr.)
gruõdi (Latv.)
granda (old. a plank), grindys (floor)






*griva[69]
river-bed or river-mouth
grĩva (Latv.: "river-mouth")
greva (Lith.: "river-bed")
rėva
Κρηνη
Κρηβη Μακ
means the oposite
the fountain of the river, the area were water exits to surface


κρηνη
kaga[74]
sacred, holy
kazat′, skazat′ (Sl. "to tell", "to say")
-




Arbanitan Konga konge
means holy land in Albanian language
*kalas
catfish?


-
Γαλεος peacefull fish
Γαληνη peace quiet
Γαλεος
Γαληνος
Also in modern
*kapas
hill, slope


kapas (grave)
Σκαπτω (Ι dig a grave)
Σκαπανη (the tool to dig)




Σκεπη (the roof)


Σκεπαζω (Ι cover,
I burry something,
I hide)
Also
*kapura
hill


kapurnas (old. mossy hill)






*karpa
to cut, stone [77]
karpe, karma (*karp-m-) 'stone' (Albanian) [77]
Kirpti (to cut), kerpa (cuts)




The is a word Γαρβιλι
Garbili means the small cut stones
gravel But I don't know origin
*karsa
cave


karsa (old.)




ARE YOU SURE
Karst phainomena is a water runs phainomena in calcium or dolomite,
it took the name from a village in Croatia Carsto, it is considered modern word after a toponym
the before word was Carvea καρβεα (Carva)
*katas
stall, animal enclosure, fish-basin


-






*keda
chair, stool


kėdė






*kerba
swampy ground








There is a word κουρβα Kurva
probably from curv
means area protected by air, and area where water gother
*kerna
bush


kerna (old. bushy place)






*kerta
clearing in a wood


kerta ([he] cuts the wood), kirtimas, clearing in a wood






*kina
dry place in a swamp


-






*klevas
maple-tree


klevas






*krata
swampy place or pile, heap


krata (old. pile heap (of hey)






*kurta
grove, glade


-
Κιτρος Μακ
Κουρτα thess


Kitros
Σκουρτα
Κυρτος means convex
the land that is convex up is Κυρτο
or Σκουρτο, in GR Makedonian is Kitros


*lug-
swamp, morass


lūgnėtas (old. swampy, liūnas swapm, morass)
Ελος Ελωδης
Ελλυες (eels)
Λυχνιτις lake

Ελος Ελωδης
moving sand is λυχνις (Luchnis)



Ελος Ελωδης
if it is 'moving Λουνι (Luni)


*maska
pool, puddle


-






*medeka
glade, small wood


Medelis – a small tree (old. small wood)


Μαδερι Brygian word for stick of wood
Maderi
*musas
mould, moss


-
Μυκα
Μυκητες (fugus that live in moss)
μυξα
Μυκητας Μυξα
*nara(s)
river, brook


nara (old.)
Ναμα
holy water from spring
Αναμα
the church holy water
Ανημενος wet, baptised
*pala, *palma
swamp, bog


-






*pil-
to flow


pilti (to pour)
Πλεω Ι flow
S Slavic plew
πλεω
Πλεω
πλοιο (ship)
mostly S Slavic plew connect
*preida
pine-tree


-






*put-
to swell, thicken


putinti, pusti (old.)






*rabo, rebo
‘to move’ ‘to flow’ ‘be in motion’


Rebėti, reba (old. they move in a group, are in motion)




Reneti means the oposite
look bellow,
Rebeti
Ρεμπετης
Ρεμβαζω
means peacefull dreamer, the bellow
*ramus
peaceful, restful


ramus
Ρεμβω
I am in Nirvana,
Ι peacefully watch and philosophize
I pass the days in quiet




Ρεμβαζω
Ρεμβη
*rō(u)ka
drizzle, fine rain


ruokna (old., drizzle, haze) rūkas (mist, fog),


Β-ροχ-η
Βροχη
V-roch-i
rain
Βρεχω Ι make wet
Βροχη βρεχω
*rus-
to flow


rusenti
Ρεμα (river flow)
Ροη (flux)


also
*san-apa
confluence (of two rivers)


Santaka
San is like Greek Συν apa ποταμος




*sausas
dry


sausas






*sermas
river, river-current


-
Ρεμα
miss of se-


Ρεμα


*skabas
sharp, quick, lively


skubus
Hmmm
Aeolian pronounce
Gr is ks or sk
example
σκαπανη is the hoe but ksifei is the sword


Σκαπανη σκαπτω
*skaudus
painful, sad or powerful


skaudus
Same aeolian pronounce
ks =sk
οκσυς =οξυς
means drastical powerfull
Οξυς πονος = tremendus pain


Οξυς means acid
sharp, action of power, more power than metal,


also
*skuia
fir-tree


Skuja (pine or fir bark or needles)






*skumbras
hill, down


Skumbti (old) skubėti – to rash?






*spirus
fast, quick, rapid


spirus






*stendas
stiff, rigid, viscose


standus






*suka
tear (ripped), gap


sukti – to turn ? suka – turns






*suras
salty


sūrus






*taras
chatterer, gossiper


taraskonas (old.)
Homeric Θαρας




Θαρρος courage by words,
give courage to people by speak to overact.
In poetry is Θουριος
thurius
Θαρα +λεον
tharaleos means chatterer but able
bold in mouth and dare.
Θαρα + εισον
Θρασυς
thrasys means chatterer but not dare, coward chatterer,
bold in mouth not in action
*tauta
people, nation, country


tauta
Τοιουτοι
(tiuto)
means a group of same people, a tribe, a team


Example τοιουτοι means strange unions,
gay pride are toioytoi,
whatever does not belong to our team is τοιουτοι,


*tiras
bare, barren, desolate


tyrai – wilderness (bare, barren, desolate)






*tut-
blow, smoke


-




Albanian Duch????
Duchani
*upa
river


upė
Ποταμος?


Ποταμι?
*urda
stream, brook


urdėti, urduliuoti (old., to go in stream like manner)
Εορδα Αρδα
Godess of Agriculture
Αρδευσις το put water in stream to fields
Αρδα
Αρδευσις
*vaigas
fast, rapid


vaigzlus, veikslus (old. Vivid)?






*varpa
whirlpool


varpa (ear of wheat or rye)?






*visas
fertile, fruitful


visas (whole)






*zalmo-
fur, skin, shield


-






*zelmas
shoot (of a plant)


želmuo






*zud-as
careful, precise


-
There is an ancient rare in use word σοδ-
ευσοδος means well achived goals
It is considered far ancient Mycenean
the exact mean is to achive precise what you want


Only with word σοδεια and εσοδο (en+sod) but today means income
*zuras
hot, shining


žėrėti (to shine), žarijos (hot coals)
Virb ζεω I boil water,
Ζεστη heat
Ζω I am warm and alive
root is Zo


Ζεστη ?????
*zuv-
fish


žuvis



Well something that I might disagree is the word Germas
the only know is the city Germidava
which Ptolemy named Thermidava which in Greek means warm
so Germidava = warm castle? !!!!!
maybe hot castle!!!!
little extraordinary name for a castle,
but another view, Germin castle is more stable, a German city castle,
who knows, simply Germi as warm or hot or Germi as German who do you believe is more suitable?
 
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Good job iapetoc!
There are so many connections between the languages...

PIE *gʷʰer(m)-/*gʷʰor(m) -warm


Alb. zjarr,zjarm Russ. жар (žar), Lith. garas, Ltv. gars, Phryg. germe, Arm. ջերմ (ǰerm), Eng. bearnan/burn; wearm/warm, ON brenna; varmr, Gm. brinnan/brennen; warm/warm, Goth. brinnan;, warmjan, Gk. θερμός (thermos), Skr. घृण (ghṛṇa); घर्म (gharma-), Kashmiri germi, Thrac. germas, Pers. garmapada/garm, Ir. gorim/goraim, Hitt. war, Old Prussian goro, Av. garəma, Welsh gori, Kashmiri garū'm, Lat. furnus; forma


The words change their meaning or acquire additional meanings ie PIE *gʷʰer(m)-/*gʷʰor(m) -warm became garas (steam) in the present Lithuanian...

Also in the word germidava, germi sounds like plural of germas. But then it is a strage combination anyway, perhaps it had some other meaning in Dacian...
 
Well something that I might disagree is the word Germas
the only know is the city Germidava
which Ptolemy named Thermidava which in Greek means warm
so Germidava = warm castle? !!!!!
maybe hot castle!!!!
little extraordinary name for a castle,
but another view, Germin castle is more stable, a German city castle,
who knows, simply Germi as warm or hot or Germi as German who do you believe is more suitable?

Have you considered the possibility of hot springs? I'm not sure if there were any near that place, but it's pretty well-known from other places. Notably, the towns of Aachen and Bath come to my mind, or even the Thermopylae in Greece. The Celtic people even had deities dedicated to hot springs (Borvo/Bormanicus and Grannos). So, it would make sense for the Dacians to name a town like that, too.

EDIT:

Cool to see you getting into linguistic methodology in earnest, Dagne! :cool:
 
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Have you considered the possibility of hot springs? I'm not sure if there were any near that place, but it's pretty well-known from other places. Notably, the towns of Aachen and Bath come to my mind, or even the Thermopylae in Greece. The Celtic people even had deities dedicated to hot springs (Borvo/Bormanicus and Grannos). So, it would make sense for the Dacians to name a town like that, too.

EDIT:

Cool to see you getting into linguistic methodology in earnest, Dagne! :cool:


yes but it is a little different
Thermai and Thermaikos Gulf are after thermai (hotsprings of Souroti)
Thermopylae means the start, the entrance to an area of a worm field, (the Ypati hotsprings)
but a warm city or a warm castle little strange.

so now we are considering Dacian as proto-slavic? as a pre-slavic or as a Slavic,
I still wait for a good albanian to check it, cause words like kunga are mostly connect with them,
Any chance to compare it with Dagestan? it would be interesting,

I mean we now we abandon any connection of Dacian with Latin or Deutch??????

and something of last minute
there is a word βυτινα, but rare in greece and mostly means tank, not house,
a chamber with no windows, I don't know if it connected,

the amazing is that words like aura bal balas that dagne could not connected, are connected with south and in fact with a language not considered slavic, the greek,


on the other hand that can make a sence as the movings of that time,

for example the word Getae could mean a Balto-Gothic,
which with push of Avars Hungric moved west,
or an incoming slavic and the change hands of Moravia?
I mean Getae could be originated in moravia to baltic, and Slavs to samaraand Ashtrakhan Urals as know, and raiding tribes like alans Avars etc pushed them west, and they occupy moravia?

on the other hand could the Avars north of Dacia connected with Dagestan?
 
yes but it is a little different
Thermai and Thermaikos Gulf are after thermai (hotsprings of Souroti)
Thermopylae means the start, the entrance to an area of a worm field, (the Ypati hotsprings)
but a warm city or a warm castle little strange.

Well, it may be strange, but what if the meaning was shifted to "hot springs" in Dacian? Then it might make perfect sense. I mean, it's a common thing that just because words are cognates in different languages, doesn't automatically mean they have the same meaning: the meaning might be shifted. This is actually very common.

so now we are considering Dacian as proto-slavic? as a pre-slavic or as a Slavic,
I still wait for a good albanian to check it, cause words like kunga are mostly connect with them,

Hard to say, but it definitely wasn't "Proto-Slavic". I would think the most accurate description would be "Para-Balto-Slavic" (mirroring the position of the Lusitanian language as "Para-Celtic"). Also, Albanian is definitely also related somehow, but I'm not sure how. Albanian obviously is not as close to Baltic/Slavic as those are towards each other, but it also is a Satem language and as such shares a number of sound laws with Balto-Slavic.

One problem that I have noticed is that Classical Latin orthography may have been unsuitable for representing sounds like dz, dʒ, ʃ, ʒ, etc. which exist both in Baltic and Slavic (as well as Albanian) and may also have existed in Dacian but are not rendered as such.

Any chance to compare it with Dagestan? it would be interesting,

What? Dagestan is not a language, but a Russian federal subject. In Dagestan, a variety of Caucasian (read: non-IE) languages are spoken. Why would it be interesting to compare Dacian - an overtly Indo-European language from Southeastern Europe - with non-IE languages from the Caucasus? :startled:
 
Well, it may be strange, but what if the meaning was shifted to "hot springs" in Dacian? Then it might make perfect sense. I mean, it's a common thing that just because words are cognates in different languages, doesn't automatically mean they have the same meaning: the meaning might be shifted. This is actually very common.



Hard to say, but it definitely wasn't "Proto-Slavic". I would think the most accurate description would be "Para-Balto-Slavic" (mirroring the position of the Lusitanian language as "Para-Celtic"). Also, Albanian is definitely also related somehow, but I'm not sure how. Albanian obviously is not as close to Baltic/Slavic as those are towards each other, but it also is a Satem language and as such shares a number of sound laws with Balto-Slavic.

One problem that I have noticed is that Classical Latin orthography may have been unsuitable for representing sounds like dz, dʒ, ʃ, ʒ, etc. which exist both in Baltic and Slavic (as well as Albanian) and may also have existed in Dacian but are not rendered as such.



What? Dagestan is not a language, but a Russian federal subject. In Dagestan, a variety of Caucasian (read: non-IE) languages are spoken. Why would it be interesting to compare Dacian - an overtly Indo-European language from Southeastern Europe - with non-IE languages from the Caucasus? :startled:


yes but Δακια Δακ -dag Dagestan
Albania in Balkan connected with Daci,
Albania in south Dagestan,
words like Kunga Balas do we found them in other IE languages? (exept Greece which is connected with minor asian non IE languages)
remember Dagestan are avars and avars are connected with central Europe also in fact with area North of Dacia,
it could be accidental coincidence, but a test or a search could help us,

another simmilar word we find in the religion of mithras,
the word is Konyak κονακι
according turcs means house but according mithras followers is the holy place where the people eat, and dance on the burning coals,
the connection of Konjak konyak (whatever) with kunga of Daci and Arvanitas,
well in my monologos here i am putting questions, seems like Daci and Thracians have imported customs from elsewhere
 
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yes but Δακια Δακ -dag Dagestan
Albania in Balkan connected with Daci,
Albania in south Dagestan,
words like Kunga Balas do we found them in other IE languages? (exept Greece which is connected with minor asian non IE languages)
remember Dagestan are avars and avars are connected with central Europe also in fact with area North of Dacia,
it could be accidental coincidence, but a test or a search could help us,

I don't think that Caucasian Albanian and Balkan Albania are/were related in any way (the Caucasian Albanians spoke... well... a Caucasian language). I really think it's a coincidence... or, well, maybe not quite: "Albus" means "white", and that may refer to both the snowy peaks of the Balkan and of the Caucasus. For an analogy, take a look at "Guinea" and "New Guinea" ("land of blacks").
 
Regarding bal, balas, these words are also in Sanskrit by the way

In Lithuanian there are also words like bala (puddle, bog) or balas (a score / mischievous sprite) or aure (over there) only their meanings differ from Dacian so I did not list those. I did not include some other word like dita - diena (day), because they sound different and the meaning is anyway connected via PIE.

A strange word for the Lithuanian language would be čuk (peak). The most of Lithuanian words with čuk are onomatopoeic, for instance čiūka could mean a pig. So this word indeed could be from Latin (Romanian).

And regarding place names like Dagestan and Dacia, I don't see how to connect those. The word Daghestan or Daghistan means "country of mountains", it is derived from the Turkic word dağ meaning mountain and Persian suffix – stan meaning "land of", whereas Dacia is pronounced with “k” rather than “g”.

The old Lithuanian capital is Trakai, but I am not saying it is somehow connected with Thracians. Though phonetically a person form Trakai would be called trakas (Thracian) ...

So far we don't have a good Albanian comparison, but I doubt that we could get so many similar words like with Lithuanian, especially having in mind 100% matches with the same endings and exactly the same sounds. My conclusion is that Dacian could be not only Proto-Balto-Slavic but Eastern-Southern Baltic, as its sounds system and word structure very much resembles Lithuanian which is an Eastern-Northern Baltic language. To prove it one can compare Dacian with Latvian and Prussian,where also many matches could be found, but I think Lithuanian would still be closer.
 
Dagne, I'm not sure if you saw this before, but there is this dictionary of Old Prussian.

Regarding Albanian, there are a number of Albanian words also found in Romanian which are ostensibly thought to be of Dacian origin. One big problem with Albanian is that we have it only attested from relatively recently.
 
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Regarding bal, balas, these words are also in Sanskrit by the way

In Lithuanian there are also words like bala (puddle, bog) or balas (a score / mischievous sprite) or aure (over there) only their meanings differ from Dacian so I did not list those. I did not include some other word like dita - diena (day), because they sound different and the meaning is anyway connected via PIE.

A strange word for the Lithuanian language would be čuk (peak). The most of Lithuanian words with čuk are onomatopoeic, for instance čiūka could mean a pig. So this word indeed could be from Latin (Romanian).
čuka = peak in Serbian
not so much used, it could be from vulgar latin...

bara = bog
bala = bundle (e.g. of dried grass) and also water that comes from someone's mouth...
balavac - would be about immature or very young person..
dan = day




And regarding place names like Dagestan and Dacia, I don't see how to connect those. The word Daghestan or Daghistan means "country of mountains", it is derived from the Turkic word dağ meaning mountain and Persian suffix – stan meaning "land of", whereas Dacia is pronounced with “k” rather than “g”.
agreed
but name Dacia could as well be about mountain area, as it is relief dominated by Carpathians...

The old Lithuanian capital is Trakai, but I am not saying it is somehow connected with Thracians. Though phonetically a person form Trakai would be called trakas (Thracian) ...
this is very strong clue about origin...
 
the word bara exist in modern Greek, it is considered imported from thracian,

bara is the land that in winter is small lagoon and in summer very dry,
we find it in Makedonia Thrace and thessaly as Bara or Barikos nad southern as Burkos βουρκος
the luni is the clay lagoons and is connected with Greek ιλυς ilus is the wet clay,

other thracian words existed in Greek is κραβατος kravatos or krebatos means bed
τζουμα tzuma means an area full of small bushes inside a forest, the Mycenean is θυσσανος smallbush
χτισται builders chtiste it is a bythini word the greek is τεκτον or δομιτης tekton domiτιs
 
Dagne, I'm not sure if you saw this before, but there is this dictionary of Old Prussian.

Thanks! I haven't seen this, was using Lithuanian-Prussian.

Regarding Albanian, there are a number of Albanian words also found in Romanian which are ostensibly thought to be of Dacian origin. One big problem with Albanian is that we have it only attested from relatively recently.

hmm, Lithuanian is also attested from rather recently - the first Lithuanian book comes in 1547 and the first "true literature" in the XVIII centuary only ...
 
hmm, Lithuanian is also attested from rather recently - the first Lithuanian book comes in 1547 and the first "true literature" in the XVIII centuary only ...

Yes, but it's not the same: that a critical difference with Lithuanian is that there's so many related languages (Latvian, Old Prussian, the Slavic family) around today which can be compared to and correlated to. With Albanian it's just Albanian alone, and no closely or less closely related other languages.
 
Yes, but it's not the same: that a critical difference with Lithuanian is that there's so many related languages (Latvian, Old Prussian, the Slavic family) around today which can be compared to and correlated to. With Albanian it's just Albanian alone, and no closely or less closely related other languages.


that is correct Albanian do not belong to any family of languages, and have own laws of sounds and grammar

Lithuanian belongs to Baltic which belongs to baltoslavic etc a family of languages,

Greek and albanian are tottaly alone and Vasques

many works that had been done went to trash can and many efforts stay half and many claims are just claims,
the most correct of G mayer gives 700 words unknown origin and 400 Aryan
 
Yes, but it's not the same: that a critical difference with Lithuanian is that there's so many related languages (Latvian, Old Prussian, the Slavic family) around today which can be compared to and correlated to. With Albanian it's just Albanian alone, and no closely or less closely related other languages.

I see... Do you think historic Albanian would be more similar with Dacian and other sentum languages?
 
the word bara exist in modern Greek, it is considered imported from thracian,

bara is the land that in winter is small lagoon and in summer very dry,
we find it in Makedonia Thrace and thessaly as Bara or Barikos nad southern as Burkos βουρκος
the luni is the clay lagoons and is connected with Greek ιλυς ilus is the wet clay,

other thracian words existed in Greek is κραβατος kravatos or krebatos means bed
τζουμα tzuma means an area full of small bushes inside a forest, the Mycenean is θυσσανος smallbush
χτισται builders chtiste it is a bythini word the greek is τεκτον or δομιτης tekton domiτιs

bara - means exactly what you say... but was also used for a swamp e.g. "Obedska bara" is a big bog/swamp in Vojvodina

ilovača = clay ground
glina = clay, in particular also wet clay that can be shaped
krevet = bed
šuma = forest
ktitor = builder, but I think this word is import from greek...
 

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