To complete the series of pages about major haplogroup in Europe, here is
Haplogroup N1c.
There are a few weird statements concerning languages.
1. "It would have progressively spread across Siberia until north-eastern Europe, possibly reaching the Volga-Ural region around 5500 to 4500 BCE with the Kama culture (5300-3300 BCE), and the eastern Baltic with the Comb Ceramic culture (4200-2000 BCE), the presumed ancestral culture of Proto-Finnic and pre-Baltic people."
Still to this day, we have not seen so early N-men in the ancient DNA records. The oldest one in the west from the Ural Mountains is allegedly in Serteya II (~2500 BCE), but that dating is not based on the bones themselves, only on their environment. Even on the Siberian side of the Ural Mountains, the westernmost N-men only appear a little before 2000 BCE (Zeng et al. 2023).
2. "Another study by Saag et al. 2019 reveals that Siberian autosomal DNA and Y-haplogroup N1c were absent from Bronze Age Estonia and did not arrive there until the Iron Age, around 500 BCE. This shows that N1c tribes first expanded to Belarus then Finland and the Kola peninsula before eventually moving into Estonia several millennia later."
On what basis the N1c men would have expanded to Finland before Estonia? There are not so ancient DNA results from Finland.
The Kola N-men were a dead-end, leaving no descendants among the modern North Europeans. According to FTDNA Discover, that lineage ended in N-CTS3103 (born 2700 BCE).
3. "The phylogeny of N1c1 shows that the split between Balto-Finnic and Uralic (including Ugric) peoples took place around 4400 years ago, downstream of the L1026 mutation, almost exactly at the start of the Kiukainen culture. The Uralic branch (Z1934) formed first, around 4200 years ago, followed by the Ugric branch (Y13850) and eventually the Balto-Finnic branch (VL29) 3600 years ago. The latter immediately split between the Chudes (CTS9976), to the east, and the Balto-Finns (L550) to the west. The Fennoscandians (Y4706) and Balts (M2783) bifurcated around 2600 years ago."
You cannot see language from DNA, because language is not inherited in DNA. You cannot just decide that this split within N-haplogroup represents certain linguistic split. It would be much better to leave the linguistic labels away from here.
4. "The Baltic Finnic branch appears to have evolved from the migration of the N1c1a1a1 (VL29) subclade from the Volga-Ural region to Karelia, Finland and Estonia. VL29 and its subclades are also the variety of N1c1 found in Balto-Slavic populations, confirming that the R1a branch of Indo-Europeans absorbed and later spread N1c1 lineages around central and eastern Europe."
Finnic language only spread from Estonia to Southwestern Finland ca. 1500 years ago, when North Proto-Finnic diverged. Therefore, no direct movement from the Volga Region to Karelia can ever be associated with the Finnic speakers.
R1a branch did not absorb and spread N1c lineages, that is a poor formulation. Instead, a population containing both lineages could have existed.
5. "If haplogroup N1c, found mainly among Uralic speakers today, did originated in the Manchurian Neolithic, together with other subclades of haplogroup N, it would explain that Uralic languages are related to Altaic languages like Turkic and Mongolic languages and, more distantly also Korean, Japanese and Ainu, as Y-haplogroup N is indeed the unifying factor between all these populations."
Uralic is not related to Altaic as far as we know – even the Altaic language families are not proven to be related. There are certain shared typological features between Uralic and “Altaic” language families, but this cannot yet prove their relatedness. Reason can very well be intense areal contacts between the pre-proto-stages of these language families.
