Nutrition in Trypillia mega-sites relied on fertilizer and plant protein.

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cattle were intensively pastured to provide manure for the labor-intensive growing of pulses

Europe's earliest cities relied on fertilizer and plant protein, isotope analysis shows

Nutrition in Trypillia mega-sites is currently the focus of the Collaborative Research Center (CRC) 1266 at Kiel University (CAU). In the forest steppe northwest of the Black Sea—today the territory of the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine—mega-sites of the Trypillia societies emerged about 6,000...

phys.org

https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2312962120