Vitruvius
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The estimates concerning the Greek cities are modern estimates first of all, not ancient. Syracuse is estimated based on the size encircled by its walls (120 hectacres) to have 250,000 individuals by Ian Morris (https://books.google.com/books?id=6vnkts2rOJUC&pg=PT134#v=onepage&q&f=false). It had a far larger demography than you are assuming here. Sybaris by comparison was even larger. These would've been enormous population centers in the ancient world.Those ancient quotes about the population of cities are obviously not accurate. Remember the Byzantine historian said 270,000 out of 500,000 people in Peloponnese were Albanians in 15th century.
Syracuse had a population at 30,000-40,000 according to archeologists and it was the most populated city in Magna Grecia.