Messapic lexical item | English translation | Proto-Messapic form | Paleo-Balkan languages | Other Indo-European cognates | Sources |
---|
ana | mother | *annā (a nursery word) | Proto-Albanian: *nanā, *amma; Albanian: nënë/nana, ëmë/âmë ('mother') | Hittite: annaš ('mother'); Latin: amma ('mother'); Greek: ámma ('mother, nurse'); | [61] |
anda | and, as well | | Proto-Abanian: *edhō/êndō; Albanian: edhe/ênde ('and', 'yet', 'therefore') | Latin: ante ("opposite, in front of"); Hittite: anda; Greek: endha/ΕΝΘΑ; ('and' , 'as well') | [62] |
apa | from | *apo | Proto-Albanian: *apo; Albanian: (për-)apë ('from'); Albanian (Gheg): pi (PI < apa) ('from') or pa (PA < *apa) ('without') | Greek: apó; Sanskrit: ápa | [63] |
atabulus | sirocco | | Proto-Albanian: *abula; Albanian: avull ('steam, vapor') | Proto-Germanic: *nebulaz ('fog') | [64] |
aran | field | *h₂r°h₃ā- | Proto-Albanian: *arā: Albanian: arë, ara ('field') | Hittite: arba- ('border, area'); Latvian: ara ('field') | [65] |
bàrka | belly | | Proto-Albanian: *baruka; Albanian: bark ('belly') | | [66] |
Barzidihi | (personal name) | | Illyrian: Bardyl(l)is;Proto-Albanian: *bardza; Albanian: bardhë/bardhi, Bardha ('white', found also in anthroponyms, e.g., Bardhyl)[a]
| | [68] |
bennan | (a sort of vehicle) | *benna | | Gaulish: benna (a kind of 'carriage') | [69] |
biles/bilihi | son | | Proto-Albanian: *bira; Albanian: bir, pl. bilj - bij ('son') | Latin: fīlius ('son') | [70] |
biliā/bilina
| daughter | *bhu-lyā | Proto-Albanian: *birilā; Albanian: bijë - bija ('daughter'); older dialect bilë - bila ('daughter') | Latin: fīlia ('daughter') | [70] |
bréndon; bréntion | stag; stag's head | | Proto-Albanian: *brina; Albanian: bri, brî ('horn'; 'antler') | Lithuanian: briedis, ('elk'); Swedish: brinde ('elk')The Messapic word is at the origin of the toponym Brendésion (Βρενδέσιον), Brentḗsion (Βρεντήσιον), modern Brindisi
| [71] |
Damatura | Mother Earth (goddess) | *dʰǵʰ(e)m- matura | Proto-Albanian: *dzō; Albanian: dhe ('earth') | Latvian: Zemes Māte ('Mother Earth')Whether the (pre-)Illyrian form is at the origin of the Greek goddess Demeter or the contrary is unclear.[72]
| [73] |
deiva; dīva | god; goddess | | | Sanskrit: devá ('heavenly, divine'); Lithuanian Diēvas; Old Norse: Týr | [74] |
den | voice | *ghen | Proto-Albanian: *džana; Albanian: zë/zâ, zër/zân ('voice') | | [75] |
hazavaθi | to offer (sacral) | | | ha- is a prefix, zav- is the same root as in Greek: χεών, Sanskrit ju-hô-ti and Avestan: zaotar- ('sacrificer') | [76] |
hipades | he/she/it offers, dedicates, sets up | *supo dhē-s-t | Proto-Albanian: *skūpa: Albanian: hip ('go up') and dha/dhash ('he gave/I gave') | | [77] |
hipakaθi | offer, set up | | Albanian: hip ('go up') and ka/kam ('he has/I have') > hip-ka- | | [78] |
klaohi/klohi | hear, listen (invocative) | *kleu-s- | Albanian: kluoj/kluaj/kluhem ('call, hear') | Greek: klythí ('hear'); Sanskrit: śrudhí ('hear'); Slavic: slušati ('hear'); Lithuanian: klausyti ('hear') | [79] |
kos | someone | *qwo | Proto-Albanian: *kuša; Albanian: kush ('who') | Tocharian A: Kus ('who') | [80] |
ma | not | *meh₁ | Albanian: ma, me, mos | Greek: mē; Sanskrit: mā | [81] |
menza | foal | *mendyo | Proto-Albanian: *mandja; Albanian: mëz - maz ('foal'); mend ('to suckle'); Romanian (< Dacian) mînz ('foal') | Gaulish: mandus ('foal') | [82] |
ner | man | *ner- | Proto-Albanian: *nera; Albanian: njeri ('man') | Greek: ανηρ ('man'); Sanskrit: nar- ('man') | [83] |
penkaheh | five | | Proto-Albanian: *pentše; Albanian: pesë ('five') | Lithuanian: penki ('five') | [84] |
rhīnós | fog, mist, cloud | | Proto-Albanian: *rina: Albanian: re, rê, rên ('cloud') | | [85] |
tabarā; tabaras | priestess; priest (lit. 'offerer') | *to-bhorā; *to-bhoros | Albanian: të bie/të bar, bjer/bar ('bring', 'carry') | Greek: ϕορός ('bring'); Latin: ferō ('bring') | [86] |
teutāTaotor
| community, people(name of a god)
|
*Toutor
| Illyrian: Teuta(na) ('mistress of the people', 'queen') | Oscan: touto ('community'); Old Irish: túath ('tribe, people'); Lithuanian: tautà ('people'); Gothic þiuda 'folk' | [87] |
veinan | his; one's | | Albanian: vetë ('himself, oneself') | Sanskrit: svayàm ('himself') | [88] |
Venas | desire (name of a goddess) | *wenos | | Latin: Venus; Old Indic: vánas ('desire') | [89] |
Zis | sky-god | *dyēs | Illyrian: dei- or -dí ('heaven, god', as a prefix or suffix);Albanian Zojz ('sky-god')
| Hittite: šīuš ('god'); Sanskrit: Dyáuṣ; Greek: Zeus; Latin: Jove ('sky-god') | [90] |