Hawk
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The Otomani-Füzesabony Cultural Com-plex (OFCC) should be considered one of the most impressive archaeological phenomenon of the Bronze Age Central Europe (Kristian-sen/Larsson 2005: 125). The OFCC com-munities in the Carpathian Basin and beyond established the most technologically, politically and economically advanced culture of this time north of the Alps, mainly due to the control of major trade routes. Typical were large set-tlement complexes established in strategic locations, often surrounded by elaborate for-tifications with numerous even superimposed wattle-daub houses. These have been discov-ered on OFCC sites across today’s territory of Romania, Hungary, Slovakia and Poland.1 In the OFCC settlement zones, large quanti-ties of gold and bronze objects were deposited not only in graves but also in hoards.
Substan-tial growth in metallurgical communities and industrial output can be observed pan-region-ally. While large quantities of bronze items are found inside fortified areas, there is further evi-dence for bronze being accumulated and stock-piled en masse, removing it from circulation.2The OFCC settlement organisation is gradually gaining the desired research atten-tion in the studied territory. Early scientific works linking to environmental aspects of archaeology can be dated to the beginning of the 20th century (Lehóczky 1908). For a very long time, the research was focused on climatic reconstructions, faunal/floral investi-gations and pedological factors of soil forma-tion.3 In the 1990s the archaeological debate took a sharp turn to focus on socio-economic aspects of prehistoric lifestyles.4 Today, envi-ronmental, palaeoecological studies and hab-itat analyses, strongly reinforced by the nat-ural sciences, create a new interdisciplinary research frontier.5 The relationship between prehistoric humans and the surrounding environment can be studied in myriad ways, including through modern spatial analyses and visuali-sation tools, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS). GIS can explore spatially the relationships proposed by using location as the key index variable.6 Although, standalone GIS approaches are limited by their capacity to integrate a temporal aspect into the analy-sis, as well as the restrictions installed through the data input, model reductionism and user contribution. More recently, it has become increasingly possible to model test GIS-de-rived outputs to account for temporal uncer-tainty, chiefly through the incorporation of quantitative statistical methods.7In this pilot study, quantitative methods were employed to examine the development of the OFCC settlement networks in East-ern Slovakia. The present approach enables the study of socio-economic processes linked to long-lasting environmental changes. Our main aim was to analyse habitat strategies based on specific environmental parameters. Using specialised analytical techniques, the results have been evaluated in the continuum by combining spatio-temporal modelling and multivariate statistics.
https://www.researchgate.net/public...in_Slovakia_A_spatio-temporal_modelling_study
The southern part of central Slovakia was linked to the Hatvan culture. Archaeological evidence suggests that the OFCC replaced the Hatvan culture during and after the BA2 (Bátora 2018: 94). However, some research suggests that transformation might have been linked to regional adaptations, and in fact, local Hatvan communities imitated the OFCC pot-tery style until the BB1 chronological phase (Guba 2009: 134; Fischl 2012: 42; Guba 2016: 84). The common denominator and con-sensus is that in the following chronological stage (phase BB1/BB2) the OFCC transforms gradually into Urnfield decorative style (in the Piliny and Suciu de Sus cultures; Šteiner 2009: 76–119; Olexa/Nováček 2013: 12), and Tumulus – post Otomani style respectively (Przybyła 2009: 120–123). In this study, we focused on radiocarbon dates ranging from the Hatvan to the Piliny culture (fig.2). The ear-liest OFCC radiocarbon date is available from Gánovce (3500±90BP; Barta et al. 2013), the latest from Nižná Myšľa (features 89 and 120a, dated to 3290±100 BP and 3300±70 BP respectively; Olexa/Nováček 2013: 12).
https://www.researchgate.net/public...in_Slovakia_A_spatio-temporal_modelling_study