No, they don't, but I think it's more than what you've been taught, i.e. exposure to certain ideas or philosophies.
Perhaps it's way too much of a generalization, but I think left wing people tend to react based on "emotion", while more right wing people rely more on dispassionate logic. (I'm not talking here of the wackos on either side, who may both be operating from emotion.)
That's why, and here I'm glad they can't strip my gender from me, I think women skew so much more Democrat and liberal.
In political matters and even in professional ones and some personal ones I'm usually aligned more often with the men I know than with the women.
It even applies to rearing children. I was and am a very hands on mother, very sacrificing, if I say so myself, but also much more likely to follow through on consequences than my husband, less likely to give in to pleading, because I logically understand that if you don't follow through, if you let certain people get away with certain behaviors, you're going to get more negative behavior. You're not doing them any favors in the long run by doing that. My husband flew off the handle more easily, but much more frequently gave in or forgot about it etc. I was and am more likely to let them stew in their mess for a while until the message hits home.