Where and when appeared Celtic?

[Sinisa Zaric]

Hi everybody, I read an article on this forum titled 'Serbian - Celtic parallels' where I found an old Celtic dictionary. I cross-referenced it and would like to share my findings with you. Thanks, and Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!



Serbian - Slavic
spirit *dusjo - Duša
ant *morwi - Mrav
anger *lūto - Ljuto
me, my *moi - moj
mine, my *mewe << PIE *mene - Moje
my *men(e) - Mene
mother *mātīr - Matera
mother-in-law, father-in-law *swekru- - Svekrva
mountain *brig - Breg
rest *sāmo - samo
rough (*karr-)- karati kazniti
seat *sedlo - Sedlo
two (f.) *dwei (?)- Dve
two (m.) *dwā(w) - Dva
way *bīti- Biti
(night)mare *moro - Mora
(sea-)harbour *kaφno - Kopno
(who/what)soever *kʷinnako- (??) - Ionako
all, every *kʷākʷo - Svako
anus *tuknā-, *tūkno - Prkno
army *slougo - Sluga
bag *bolgo - Blago
be *bewa-, bū - Budi
be dark (*teme-)- Tama
bed *leg-jo - Leglo
being *buti - Biti
bitter *gorsti- gorko
blackness *dubjā - dubnja
blood *kruwos- (?)- krv
bloody (*krewa-) - krvav
bright *belo-, beleno- (?) bjelo
brother *brātīr - Brat
air *weto - Vetar
nest *nisdo - Gnesdo
now *nu - nu (Montenegro ) )
one *oino - Jedno
one *oiwo - ovo or iovo
personal name *Dārjo - Darijo (Moustly in Croatia and Iran)
raven *branā - Vrana
yes *to (?)- to

Latin - Italian
meat *karnajo- Carne
mistake *bag-jo- (?) Sbaglio
nail *angʷīnā - Unghia
near *akust - Accostato
night *nokʷ-, *noxto- Nocturno
old *seno - Senilo
old *struti- (?) Sfruti
opinion *mantjon- (?) Mentione
pain *anxto - Ansioso
part *skʷerto-, *kʷarto- Quarto
plain *stratu - Strato
plain *φlā-no - Plano
plough *aratro - Aratro
seat *sedo - Sedere
single grain *grān-injo - granaio
sleep *suφno - sogno
small *menw(o) - Meno
smooth, shining *l(e)nt-ro - lanterna
song *kantlo ---cantare
standing (*-sto-)- Stare
true *wīro - Vero
unique *dī-samalo dissimile
unknown *an-gnāto -Unnoto
water *akʷā - Aqua
wheel *roto - Roto
when *kʷan - Quando
white *leuko - leuco
yellow, brown *gello - giallo
you *tū - Tu
young *jowanko - Giovane
your *towo - Tuoi
youth *jowantūt - Giovantu
(hind)quarter (?) *kʷetr-anī(-) (?) quarto
against *ande - anti
agriculture *aro - aro
arm *aramo - armo
army *korjo - corpo
axis *aksiaxle *aksilā - asse
back *kūlo - culo
baker *kʷokʷ-er- cuoco
ban *banno- (LW??)- bano
bank *oro - oro
bath *lowatro - lavare
battle *kom-bī-to - combato
sacred *noibo - nobile
wind *winto- (?)- Vento



Ambiguous meaning, not so clear;
power *brīgā-, *brīgo - Briga
number *rīmā - Rima
turn (*swel-) - sveglio
place *leg-ā- / -o - Loga



German
naked *nokʷto - Nakt
narrow (*ango-) eng
ox *uxsen - Ochsen
personal name *Isaro - Isar -River
pledge *geldo - Geld
pull *trāg-je/o - tragen
saying *laudo - laut
sweat *switso - schwitzen
tower *turi(t) - Turm
travel (*weg- 1) - Weg
widow *widwā - Witwe
wild *wiltV- (??)- wilde

Ambiguous meaning, not so clear;
people *teutā- > *toutā -deut


French
of equal length *kom-sitVof
the same age *kom-aiwestu
as far as *kom-sit-ouno- (?)
It has something to do with French - "comme si"

Russian
pig *sukku- Suka (means ***** not Pig) сука - )



I think we only need an Old Slavonic (Church) dictionary to solve this multilingual mixture. I mean, the whole thing will be much clearer.

 

[MOESAN]

@Sinisa Zaric
interesting. I was trying to collect Celtic and Slavic words with close similarities, just for the fun and based on modern languages.
It's better to take ancient forms, evidently, the modern ones give us only the degree of survival of words.
I had not the time to controle/compare every term but I crossread and I found a lot of words which are common in other IE families too. The most interesting would be the ones which were found only among Celtic and Slavic, which, I suppose, are very less numerous. Celtic as Slavic were part of kind a continuum implying Italic and Germanic too (and disappeared languages).

 

[MOESAN]

Perhaps I misunderstood your list of words. Are Celtic words among it, or only old Slavic forms and Serbian?!?

 

[MOESAN]

At first sight I recognize a lot of Celtic forms among the *words!

 

[MOESAN]

Serbian - Slavic
spirit *dusjo - duša
ant *morwi – mravWelsh morgrug(yn) ants Breton merien(enn)/+molion(enn)
anger *lūto - ljuto
me, my *moi – mojin all IE sons languages or almost
mine, my *mewe << PIE *mene – oje« « «
my *men(e) - mene
mother *mātīr – materain all IE sons languages or almost
mother-in-law, father-in-law *swekru- - Svekrvacommon with Germanic languages
mountain *brig – bregWelsh+Bret- bre + bryn, brenn hill - link with bri honour, prestige… ?
rest *sāmo - samo
rough (*karr-)- karati kazniti
seat *sedlo – sedloWelsh+Bret- sedd /seđ /, sez seat + Bret- asezañto sit
two (f.) *dwei (?)- Dvein all IE sons languages or almost
two (m.) *dwā(w) – Dvathe gener question left aside
way *bīti- Biti
(night)mare *moro – moraBret- morenniñ to fall in sleep + to mist
(sea-)harbour *kaφno - kopno
(who/what)soever *kʷinnako- (??) - ionakoWelsh+Bret bynnag, bennag < < pynnag, pennag who/whatsoever
all, every *kʷākʷo – svakocommon to Latin, > > Welsh+Bret pob, peb
anus *tuknā-, *tūkno – prkno???
army *slougo – slugaEngl- slogan < < Gael- sluagh-ghairm army (war) cry

Welsh+Bret- llu, lu < < *slu army
bag *bolgo – blagoWelsh+Bret- bol, bola stomach, belly, bolc’h bur, burr + Gael- bolg bellyful, bag, bulge, Old French bouget small bag < < Gaulish > > Engl- budget
be *bewa-, bū – budicommon to a lot of IE sons languages
be dark (*teme-)- tamaWelsh+Bret- tywyll, teñval dark < < *temel(l)/ -ñv = nasalised v or w < *m
bed *leg-jo – leglo*leg-, *lig- common to a lot of IE langages (Latin lectum > > French lit)
being *buti - Biti
bitter *gorsti- gorko
blackness *dubjā – dubnjaGael- dubh /-v/, Welsh+Bret- du black

Is there some semantic link with the meaning of deep ?

Welsh+Bret- dwfn /duv°n/, don deep < > Germanic(s) deep, diep, djup, tief

some IE * d-bn : * d-mn ???
blood *kruwos- (?)- krvWelsh crù, crau blood, Welsh crai raw (+ crude?) = Bret- kri(z) raw

same root in Latin for the meaning of raw and cruel – in fact Engl- raw come from the same IE root (raw < O-E hrēaw < PIE *krewh2

bloody (*krewa-) - krvavsee above
bright *belo-, beleno- (?) bjelovery common and diversified root in IE : *bh-l, *bhl- < > Lat- fl-, Greek Phl-
brother *brātīr – bratin all IE sons langages or almost
air *weto – vetar? cf ? Germanic(s) wind, vind, ? Welsh+Bret- gwynt, gwent wind
nest *nisdo – gnesdo
now *nu - nu (Montenegro )
one *oino – jednoin all IE sons langages or almost
one *oiwo - ovo or iovoin all IE sons langages or almost
personal name *Dārjo - Darijo (Moustly in Croatia and Iran)? < > ? Welsh+Bret- dwr, dour, Irl- dobhar water
raven *branā – vranaalready discussed – maybe no link, maybe non-Celtic spite common there
yes *to (?)- to