Copenhagen Travel Guide

Introduction

Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, is an innovative cultural hub known for its stunning architecture, world-class cuisine, and commitment to sustainability. The city is home to iconic landmarks such as the colourful Nyhavn waterfront, the whimsical Tivoli Gardens amusement park, and the famous Little Mermaid statue. Copenhagen's compact size makes it easily navigable by foot or bicycle, with an extensive network of bike lanes reflecting the city's eco-friendly ethos. Renowned for its design scene, cutting-edge restaurants, and hygge lifestyle, Copenhagen offers visitors a unique blend of Scandinavian coziness and cosmopolitan flair. From its royal palaces and museums to its trendy neighborhoods and pleasant food markets, Copenhagen provides a diverse array of experiences that cater to history buffs, foodies, design enthusiasts, and nature lovers alike.

Whether you're interested in history, art, cuisine, or sustainable living, Copenhagen offers a wealth of experiences. From its picturesque canals to its cutting-edge design and architecture, this Danish capital is a city that truly has something for everyone.

Interesting Facts about Copenhagen

1. Copenhagen consistently ranks as one of the happiest cities in the world.
2. The city is home to Freetown Christiania, a unique autonomous neighbourhood known for its alternative lifestyle.
3. Copenhagen's harbour is so clean that people regularly swim in it, and mussels are farmed in its waters.
4. The University of Copenhagen, founded in 1479, is the oldest university in Denmark and has produced eight Nobel laureates.
5. Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in 1443 under King Christopher of Bavaria.
6. Copenhagen has more bicycles than cars, with 62% of locals commuting by bike.
7. The Danish capital has Europe's longest pedestrian shopping street, Strøget.
8. The harbor is clean enough for swimming and even supports local mussel populations.
9. Copenhagen has more Michelin-starred restaurants than any other city in Scandinavia.
10. TFreetown Christiania is a self-governing neighborhood with its own set of rules.
11. The Carlsberg Brewery houses the world's largest collection of unopened beer bottles, with over 20,000 bottles.

History

Originally a Viking fishing village, Copenhagen was formally founded in 1167 by Bishop Absalon, who built a fortress to protect the harbour from pirates. The city grew in importance during the Middle Ages, becoming a significant trading centre due to its strategic location and herring fishing industry. Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century and flourished during the Renaissance under the reign of Christian IV. The city faced numerous challenges, including plagues, fires, and attacks by the Hanseatic League and the British. Despite these setbacks, Copenhagen continued to develop, becoming a centre of culture during the Danish Golden Age in the 19th century.

Main Attractions

Nyhavn

Nyhavn, meaning "New Harbour" in Danish, is an iconic 17th-century waterfront district in Copenhagen, Denmark. Stretching from Kongens Nytorv to the Inner Harbour, it features a picturesque canal lined with brightly coloured townhouses. Originally a busy commercial port established by King Christian V between 1670 and 1675, Nyhavn has transformed from a gritty dock area into a vibrant entertainment district and popular tourist attraction. The canal is now home to many historical wooden ships, while the renovated buildings house numerous restaurants, cafés, and bars. Nyhavn is also famous for its connection to Hans Christian Andersen, who lived in three different houses along the canal and wrote some of his most beloved fairy tales there. Today, it serves as a cultural hub, offering canal tours, outdoor dining, and seasonal events like Christmas markets, embodying the essence of Copenhagen's charm and maritime.

Tivoli Gardens

Tivoli Gardens, located in the heart of Copenhagen, Denmark, is one of the world's oldest operating amusement parks, having opened its gates on 15th August 1843. Founded by Georg Carstensen, this enchanting destination offers visitors a unique experience of nostalgia and excitement. The park features a variety of rides, from the century-old wooden roller coaster to modern thrill rides like Vertigo, alongside beautiful gardens, cultural performances, and seasonal decorations. Tivoli has inspired notable figures such as Hans Christian Andersen and Walt Disney, and continues to be a beloved attraction for both locals and tourists. With its diverse entertainment options including concerts, pantomimes, and fireworks displays, Tivoli Gardens remains a cultural icon and one of Copenhagen's most visited attractions, welcoming millions of visitors annually.

The Little Mermaid

The iconic bronze statue inspired by Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale, was created by Edvard Eriksen and unveiled on 23 August 1913. It was originally commissioned by Carl Jacobsen, the son of Carlsberg's founder. Standing at just 1.25 metres tall, this petite figure sits on a rock by the Langelinie promenade, gazing longingly towards the shore. Despite its small size, the statue has become a symbol of Copenhagen, attracting millions of visitors annually. It represents Danish literary heritage and the city's connection to the sea. Over the years, the Little Mermaid has endured numerous acts of vandalism and served as a site for political protests, yet it remains a beloved attraction.

Amalienborg Palace

Amalienborg Palace, the official residence of the Danish royal family, is a stunning complex in the heart of Copenhagen. Comprising four identical Rococo-style palaces arranged around an octagonal courtyard, it was built in the 1750s and became the royal residence after a fire at Christiansborg Palace in 1794. Today, it houses King Frederik X, Queen Mary, and Queen Margrethe II. The palace complex is renowned for its daily changing of the guard ceremony at noon, the Amalienborg Museum in Christian VIII's Palace, and the central equestrian statue of King Frederik V. Visitors can explore parts of the palace, including guided tours of Christian VII's Palace during summer months.

Rosenborg Castle

Rosenborg Castle, a stunning Renaissance palace in central Copenhagen, was built by King Christian IV in the early 17th century as a summer residence. This Dutch Renaissance-style castle, with its high towers and ornate decorations, now serves as a museum showcasing 400 years of royal Danish history. Visitors can explore the Long Hall with its coronation thrones, view the priceless Danish crown jewels in underground vaults, and admire an extensive collection of royal treasures including Venetian glass, Flora Danica porcelain, and historical tapestries.

Christiansborg Palace

Christiansborg Palace, situated on the islet of Slotsholmen in central Copenhagen, was built on the site of Bishop Absalon's 12th-century castle. The current palace, completed in 1928, is the fifth iteration following multiple fires and reconstructions. Unique in the world, it houses all three branches of Danish government: the Parliament (Folketinget), the Prime Minister's Office, and the Supreme Court. The palace also serves royal functions, with the monarch using the Royal Reception Rooms, Palace Chapel, and Royal Stables for state events. Visitors can explore its grand halls, including the impressive Great Hall adorned with Queen Margrethe II's tapestries depicting 1000 years of Danish history. The palace complex features a blend of architectural styles, from the neo-baroque main building to the neoclassical chapel and baroque showgrounds.

The Round Tower (Rundetårn)

The Round Tower is a remarkable 17th-century structure that stands as one of Denmark's most iconic landmarks. Built between 1637 and 1642 under the reign of King Christian IV, it originally served as an astronomical observatory and was part of a larger university complex. The tower's unique feature is its 7.5-turn helical corridor, wide enough for a horse and carriage, which spirals up to the observatory at the top. Standing 34.8 metres tall, it offers visitors panoramic views of Copenhagen and houses Europe's oldest functioning observatory. Today, the Round Tower is a popular tourist attraction, hosting exhibitions in its Library Hall and continuing its astronomical tradition with public stargazing events.

Top Museums

National Museum of Denmark

The National Museum of Denmark, located in Copenhagen's city centre, is the country's largest museum of cultural history. Housed in the elegant 18th-century Prince's Palace, it showcases an extensive collection spanning 14,000 years of Danish and global history. Visitors can explore a diverse range of exhibits, from prehistoric artefacts and Viking treasures to Egyptian mummies and modern Danish culture. The museum's highlights include the Sun Chariot, the Egtved Girl's grave, and the Golden Horns of Gallehus. It also features a children's museum, where young visitors can engage in hands-on activities. With its comprehensive displays, the National Museum offers a captivating journey through time, making it an essential destination for those seeking to understand Denmark's rich cultural heritage.

SMK - National Gallery of Denmark

The SMK (short for Statens Museum for Kunst in Danish) is Denmark's largest art museum and a treasure trove of artistic expression spanning seven centuries. Founded in 1896, this impressive institution houses over 260,000 works, including paintings, sculptures, and works on paper. The museum's collection ranges from European Renaissance masterpieces to contemporary Danish art, featuring renowned artists such as Rubens, Rembrandt, Matisse, and Hammershøi. SMK is particularly celebrated for its extensive collection of Danish Golden Age art and one of the world's finest Matisse collections. The museum complex combines a historic building designed by Vilhelm Dahlerup with a modern extension opened in 1998, connected by a glass-covered 'Sculpture Street'. Beyond its permanent exhibitions, SMK offers special exhibitions, guided tours, workshops, and cultural events.

National Gallery of Denmark

Designmuseum Danmark

Designmuseum Danmark, located in Copenhagen's historic Frederiksstaden district, is Denmark's premier institution for Danish and international design and crafts. Housed in a stunning 18th-century rococo building that once served as the Royal Frederik's Hospital, the museum was founded in 1890 and moved to its current location in 1926. It boasts an extensive collection spanning from the Middle Ages to contemporary times, featuring works by renowned Danish designers such as Arne Jacobsen, Kaare Klint, and Poul Henningsen. The museum recently underwent renovations and reopened in June 2024 with a new permanent exhibition called 'DANISH MODERN', showcasing iconic Danish design from the 1920s to the 1970s. Visitors can explore thematic exhibitions, a research library, a café, and a museum shop, making it a comprehensive destination for design enthusiasts and a symbol of Denmark's rich design heritage.

Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek

Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, a renowned art museum in the heart of Copenhagen, was founded in 1897 by Carl Jacobsen, the son of Carlsberg Breweries' founder. This magnificent institution houses over 10,000 works of art, showcasing an impressive collection of ancient and modern pieces. The museum's architecture is noteworthy, featuring a stunning Winter Garden with palm trees and a fountain, alongside the elegant Dahlerup and Kampmann wings. Visitors can explore an extensive array of sculptures from Ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, as well as a remarkable collection of Danish and French art from the 19th and 20th centuries. The Glyptotek boasts works by renowned artists such as Rodin, Degas, and Van Gogh, making it a treasure trove for art enthusiasts.

Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen

Thorvaldsens Museum

Thorvaldsens Museum, located in the heart of Copenhagen on Slotsholmen, is Denmark's oldest public museum, having opened its doors on 18th September 1848. This single-artist museum is dedicated to the works of the world-renowned Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen (1770-1844), who spent most of his working life in Rome. The museum's striking building, designed by Michael Gottlieb Bindesbøll, is characterised by its vivid colours and grand architectural design, housing an extensive collection of Thorvaldsen's sculptures, including original plaster models, as well as his personal art collection. Visitors can explore the museum's unique rooms, each featuring distinctive ceiling decorations in the grotesque style, and view sculptures of Roman gods and famous historical figures.

Museum of Illusions

The Museum of Illusions in Copenhagen, which opened in 2023, is Europe's largest private museum of its kind, spanning 1,200 square metres. Located on the popular Strøget street in the city centre, it offers visitors over 70 mind-bending exhibits that challenge perception and engage the senses. The museum combines entertainment with education, featuring classic optical illusions alongside new installations inspired by Danish culture and history. Highlights include the Walk-in Kaleidoscope, Infinity Room, and Vortex Dome. As part of the world's fastest-growing chain of private museums, it aims to provide a unique 'edutainment' experience suitable for all ages. The museum's interactive nature encourages visitors to touch and engage with the exhibits, making it an ideal destination for families, tourists, and anyone fascinated by the science of illusion.

Local Cuisine

Copenhagen has emerged as a global culinary capital, boasting an impressive 15 Michelin-starred restaurants. The city's food scene ranges from innovative Nordic cuisine to vibrant street food markets.

Must-try dishes:

• Smørrebrød: Traditional open-faced sandwiches
• Pølser: Danish-style hot dogs with special sauces and pickles
• Fresh seafood from the clean harbour waters

For a comprehensive food experience, visit Reffen, Copenhagen's largest street food market, offering over 30 food stalls with cuisines from around the world.

Shopping

Copenhagen offers a diverse and vibrant shopping experience that caters to all tastes and budgets. The city's heart of retail is Strøget, Europe's longest pedestrian street, which stretches from City Hall Square to Kongens Nytorv and boasts a mix of high-end retailers, famous brands, and Danish designers. Beyond Strøget, trendy neighbourhoods like Nørrebro and Vesterbro are home to eclectic independent shops, vintage stores, and artisanal boutiques. For luxury shopping, areas such as Østerbro and Frederiksberg house upscale boutiques and flagship stores. Copenhagen's commitment to sustainability is reflected in its shopping scene, with many shops offering eco-friendly and locally-made products. The city also features charming markets like Torvehallerne, where visitors can sample Danish delicacies and browse gourmet food stalls. With its blend of international brands, local designers, and unique specialty shops, Copenhagen has cemented its position as one of Europe's most exciting shopping destinations.

Nature in and around Copenhagen

Copenhagen, despite being a bustling urban centre, offers a wealth of natural attractions both within the city and in its surrounding areas. The Danish capital boasts numerous green spaces, including the historic King's Garden, the expansive Fælledparken, and the charming Frederiksberg Gardens. For those seeking a wilder experience, Amager Fælled and Kalvebod Fælled provide vast natural landscapes with diverse flora and fauna. Just a short journey from the city centre, one can explore the Dyrehaven (Deer Park), a UNESCO World Heritage site home to thousands of free-roaming deer. The city's clean harbour waters invite swimming and water activities, whilst the nearby beaches like Amager Strand offer sandy shores for relaxation. Copenhagen's commitment to green living is evident in its extensive network of cycling paths, which allow visitors to easily access these natural havens. Whether it's picnicking in a park, birdwatching in a nature reserve, or cycling through lush forests, Copenhagen provides ample opportunities to connect with nature.

Sustainable Living

Copenhagen is at the forefront of sustainable urban living. The city aims to become carbon-neutral by 2025 and is known for its extensive cycling culture. In fact, there are more bicycles than cars in Copenhagen.

Getting Around

Copenhagen boasts an efficient and comprehensive public transport system that makes navigating the city a breeze for visitors. The network comprises a 24/7 metro, S-trains (commuter rail), buses, and harbour buses, all of which can be accessed using a single ticket or the convenient Copenhagen Card. The metro, with its four lines (M1, M2, M3, and M4), serves the city centre and connects to the airport, whilst the extensive bus network, including high-frequency A-buses, covers areas not reached by rail. For a unique perspective of the city, one can hop aboard the yellow harbour buses that ply the waterways. Cycling is also incredibly popular, with an extensive network of bike lanes making it a safe and enjoyable way to explore. The city's commitment to sustainable transport is evident, with plans for a light rail system expected to become operational in 2025, further enhancing Copenhagen's reputation as one of Europe's most accessible and eco-friendly capitals.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Copenhagen largely depends on your preferences, but many travellers find the period from late spring to early autumn most appealing. From May to September, the Danish capital enjoys longer days, milder temperatures, and a vibrant atmosphere perfect for outdoor activities. Summer (June to August) is particularly delightful, with average temperatures around 21°C, ample sunshine, and numerous festivals and events. However, this is also the peak tourist season, so expect larger crowds and higher prices. For those seeking a balance between pleasant weather and fewer tourists, the shoulder seasons of late spring (April to May) and early autumn (September to October) offer a charming alternative. During these months, you can still enjoy relatively mild temperatures, beautiful foliage, and a more relaxed atmosphere whilst taking advantage of lower accommodation rates.