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Where does the Albanian language come from? [VIDEO]

Matzinger accepts that the name of the Illyrian tribe of the Taulanti is etymologically related to Albanian. Dallëndyshe [swallow (bird)].


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Yes. Because Dimallum is not the only cognate. The entire territory is filled with Illyrian/Albanian cognates. Following T -> D, L -> LL shifts that happened in Albanian, Taulanti is also related to Dallandyshe (Swallow). Greeks translated an adjacent tribe as "Khelidoni", i.e. Men of the Swallow.

Ulqin is named after a wolf, Delminium after sheep (You also have modern day Delvine), Dardania after pears, Bardyllis after the color white. Encheleans were also later corrected and written with a voiced "ng" (Engelanes) like Albanian "ngjale" (Proto-Albanian engella) as opposed to Greek "nk". Brindisi that is Messapian is related to the word "bri"/antlers. Epidamnus was related to the word "dami" (dem), where "epi" means on/at. Dassarite after "dash" (ram).

We barely have any Illyrian words and they almost all relate to Albanians, despite Albanians losing, what, 70% of its original vocabulary?

Interesting stuff
 
I'm reading the etymology section of King Bardylis on Wikipedia and I was surprised to see that "Bardylis" is only connected to the Albanian word "Bardh". I always assumed the "yl", was related to the Albanian word star "Yll", so his name would've been "White Star". Wiki denies it:

According to Stuart Edward Mann, this second interpretation is a folk etymology.[8]

Is this really a proper argument against "Bardh" + "Yll"? What does it supposedly having to be a folk etymology have anything to do with the fact that both words can very well be extracted and understood through Albanian as White Star?
 
I'm reading the etymology section of King Bardylis on Wikipedia and I was surprised to see that "Bardylis" is only connected to the Albanian word "Bardh". I always assumed the "yl", was related to the Albanian word star "Yll", so his name would've been "White Star". Wiki denies it:



Is this really a proper argument against "Bardh" + "Yll"? What does it supposedly having to be a folk etymology have anything to do with the fact that both words can very well be extracted and understood through Albanian as White Star?

The "yll" connection has not been disproven btw. The folk etymology explanation could be right, but it could also be wrong. It's not determined either way so far by linguists.

It's just very hard to pinpoint this accurately beyond a simple cognate analysis for a few reasons:

(1) We don't know the exact pronunciation of his name. Bardylis is a Greek approximation.

(2) We don't know the exact relation of the Dardanian language to modern day Albanian or the Illyrian dialect that gave birth to Proto-Albanian. Are they the same language, or just related? If they are related how much of a difference would there have been?

(3) In Proto-Albanian these words are assumed to be rendered something like "Bardz" and "Usla" if I'm not mistaken. Does this fit with Bardyllis? And at what period would they have been Bardz and Usla? Did Usla -> Yll happen during that period?

We have enough Illyrian words to do some basic cognate analysis, but it's very hard to be 100% exact about these things, since it's not an attested language. And even if it was attested we still wouldn't be 100% sure about the pronunciation, which is what ultimately matters. Even in Latin that's very well attested, there are linguistic debates about how certain letters are pronounced.
 
It's also possible that Illyria could be connected to "New Star" in Albanian, "Yll i Ri"
 
I think its very helpful to compare some of the main lineages in the Paleobalkan groups, the Albanians too, and how they behave over time, concerning documented branching and founder events:
https://www.eupedia.com/forum/threa...d-out-of-YFull?p=640763&viewfull=1#post640763

We can immediately see that E-V13 and R-CTS9219 share a synchronous development in the EBA. So either they were in the same population, or closely related ones, having the same fate, like e.g. in the Pannonian Tell cultures, which first expanded, then collapsed or retreated, under the pressure of the Middle Danubian Tumulus culture.

During the expansion of the Middle Danubian Tumulus culture, all three go down: E-V13, J-L283 and R-CTS9219.

At the end of the MBA, some E-V13 and J-L283 groups joined. The J-L283 joined the TC earlier and more successfully, you can see they go up, E-V13 down. In the next phase of the Urnfield period, E-V13 got its big moment and spread within Urnfield and especially with the Channelled Ware expansion. They did now colonise large parts of the Balkans in the transitional phase (1.300-1.000 BC). E-V13 goes straight up, but J-L283 goes straight down. That's a clear case of competition.
When E-V13 got weak because the Cimmerians from the East crashed into them, killed tens of thousands, ruined the economy and the central networks of the Channelled Ware people, they go straight down - the J-L283 did exploit the situation, they go straight up. But the Channelled Ware people recovered, became part of the Thraco-Cimmerian horizon and developed into Psenicevo-Basarabi, which led to their second big expansion in the early Hallstatt period. Again, E-V13 goes steeply up, J-L283 goes down.

So we have little synchronicity of these three main lineages, but in the very EBA to earlier MBA, when E-V13 and R-CTS9219 clearly experienced the same.

J-L283 did better with the Celts and Romans, they were largely stable, whereas both E-V13 and R-CTS9219 did suffer heavily from the La Tene Celtic invasion and the Roman wars with the Macedonians, Pannonian-Illyrians and the Dacians. This is very apparent, they just go straight down in that period. In the migration period, of all three, E-V13 profited the most, because they could not just keep their position, but expand it as part of Germanic and Slavic tribal groups.

The last phase of absolute synchronicity is the expansion of the Albanians and Southern Vlachs. Between 1.000-800 yBP all three go down (Christianisation, feudal states), to expand once more in a synchronous manner especially with Albanians-Southern Vlachs. This aligns well with the Albanian subclades we see, most expand with founder effects in the Medieval period.

What this very clearly shows is that E-V13 had throughout most of the time a more Northern position, or better said a more Northern focal point in comparison to J-L283 and R-CTS9219 after the EBA. It did usually profit from North -> South movements, as well as movements from the East or West. So a Central-Northern position relative to the Balkans. J-L283 on ther other hand is now partly crippled, because I think it had a more Western distribution early on, but what we see now is a limited survival of a whole bulk group from the West Balkan sphere. These are not well represented because of the later events (Celts, Romans and Slavs in particular). Whereas the bulk of those surviving into modernity did have a distinctively more Southern focal point.

R-CTS9219 on the other hand has more in common with E-V13, both in the EBA-early MBA origin of the presence in the region, as well as in the period of suffering under the Celtic-Roman pressure. So I guess they were first in the same spot as E-V13 and later kind of in the middle between E-V13 and J-L283.

Because E-V13 had such a strong more Northern presence, its possible that Southern branches were indeed synchronous with J-L283 too since the LBA. That's possible. What kind of surprised me for J-L283 is that they did not at all profit from the Tumulus culture expansion, at least the surviving lineages did not, early on. I thought they might have done better, but it seems they just suffered from this invasion almost as much as E-V13 and R-CTS9219. Actually it was quite dramatic, they go down to zero new branching events for two centuries.
At first I thought its mainly about the surviving vs. later eliminated lineages, but no, the ancient samples from Sardinia and Croatia being already included, so its really those which were widespread in the IA which suffered too.
So they did in fact join the ranks of the Middle Danubian sphere, it seems to me, no earlier than the Urnfield period. This is kind of a correction for me, because I really thought J-L283 would have been stronger already with TC, but apparently, that's not the case, its all about the Middle Danubian Urnfield and the later Illyrian period. The data is very clear about that. J-L283 suffered strongly from the TC invasion, barely made it through that period, and only joined ranks with the R1b guys more successfully later.

E-V13-vs-J-L283-R1b-Balkan-comment2.jpg


https://ibb.co/mHYCWWz

That J-L283 suffered so heavily from TC (just one branch from 3.700-3.500 yBP!), but at the same time did join early and successfully the Middle Danubian Urnfielders can only mean they have a fairly North Western position at that time, close to the Alps. It would make no sense otherwise.
 
The "yll" connection has not been disproven btw. The folk etymology explanation could be right, but it could also be wrong. It's not determined either way so far by linguists.
It's just very hard to pinpoint this accurately beyond a simple cognate analysis for a few reasons:
(1) We don't know the exact pronunciation of his name. Bardylis is a Greek approximation.
(2) We don't know the exact relation of the Dardanian language to modern day Albanian or the Illyrian dialect that gave birth to Proto-Albanian. Are they the same language, or just related? If they are related how much of a difference would there have been?
(3) In Proto-Albanian these words are assumed to be rendered something like "Bardz" and "Usla" if I'm not mistaken. Does this fit with Bardyllis? And at what period would they have been Bardz and Usla? Did Usla -> Yll happen during that period?
We have enough Illyrian words to do some basic cognate analysis, but it's very hard to be 100% exact about these things, since it's not an attested language. And even if it was attested we still wouldn't be 100% sure about the pronunciation, which is what ultimately matters. Even in Latin that's very well attested, there are linguistic debates about how certain letters are pronounced.
Very true. I personally just think its kind of strange that if the etymology is just "Bardh", why wasn't his name rendered in Greek as just Bardis? And why would the first part of the name make sense through Albanian but the second half should be ignored? -is is the obvious Greek ending so I think something still has to account for the "yl" and tbh I think Albanian really helps us here. Either way it's quite fascinating as you say how Albanian can for sure explain a lot of these few names and toponyms that we have (albeit in a butchered latin or greek way). I mean Matzinger has at least said that Albanian is related to Illyrian, whereas the donkey Durite just denies any connection whatsoever.

And especially in the case of bardyllis. If his name is truly white star, then how can you say that Albanian is not an Illyrian or at the very least Illyrian related language? I think someone like that must have other intention than proper linguistics.
 
Yes, like i said, the linguistic part has a phonology, morphology, and etymology part. It is way more cautious than the old 20th century ones.

For example:

Bardus, Bardulis, ScenoBardus, he argues that if it were related to Albanian. Bardhë, should have been Barzus, Barzulis, ScenoBarzus at this stage, instead it is possible these words were related to Old High German. Bart, Latin. Barba (meaning Beard) and the name ScenoBARBUS which is documented in a latin inscription gives support that these names were related to "Beard" (like Lombards for example) and not white as in Messapic. Barzidihi, Romanian. Barza (which shows that at the time of Albanian romanian contacts Bardhë was Barz-).

Likewise he mentions the example of the Illyrian mountain "Bora" that is etymologised as being descended from the same IE root that gave Slavic. Gora (mountain), Albanian. Gur (rock), Old Indian. Giri (Mountain).

Before you argue this is related to Albanian. Borë, borë comes from proto-Albanian ber-. So this is just two pages, I am trying to post as much from the book as I can, but it is not that expensive to buy online also. Computer version is available likewise.
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The -ulis in Bardulis is not related to Albanian. Yll.

It is a diminutive suffix similar to Greek. -ul(l)a/ -os /-ul(l)a/

The Bard- in Bardylis is argued to more probably be related to an Illyrian. Bard- word meaning "beard"

The name Scenobardus for example is thought to mean Grey-Beard by some (sceno- cognate with Albanian. hini (ash, grey) i.e. mjekërhini)

The fact that a form Scenobarbus is recorded strenghtens this as Latin. Barba means beard.

Also, the proto-Albanian form of Bardhë is Bardz, and should have been recorded as Barz- by Greeks and Latins.

For example, ancient greeks had no issue with recording Persian names like Ariobarzánēs (Ancient Greek: Ἀριοβαρζάνης)

So the case that Bard- in Bardylis is related to Albanian. White is weakened.



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The -ulis in Bardulis is not related to Albanian. Yll.

It is a diminutive suffix similar to Greek. -ul(l)a/ -os /-ul(l)a/

The Bard- in Bardylis is argued to more probably be related to an Illyrian. Bard- word meaning "beard"

The name Scenobardus for example is thought to mean Grey-Beard by some (sceno- cognate with Albanian. hini (ash, grey) i.e. mjekërhini)

The fact that a form Scenobarbus is recorded strenghtens this as Latin. Barba means beard.

Also, the proto-Albanian form of Bardhë is Bardz, and should have been recorded as Barz- by Greeks and Latins.

For example, ancient greeks had no issue with recording Persian names like Ariobarzánēs (Ancient Greek: Ἀριοβαρζάνης)

So the case that Bard- in Bardylis is related to Albanian. White is weakened.



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Why is this guy not banned? He's literally making up random shit as he goes. There are 0 linguists that dispute Bardyllis is related to Bardhe.

First he quotes journalists for linguists, now he's done even quoting. He just makes shit up as he goes.
 
Also, the proto-Albanian form of Bardhë is Bardz, and should have been recorded as Barz- by Greeks and Latins.

There are countless names shared between Messapians and Illyrians. This is one of them. They have Barzidihi - Bardyllis, and Bardulos (grey). Messapians split early and still retained the "z/dz", which means that was the original form in Illyrian.

As for Greeks writing stuff down, they butchered names completely. There was no pattern to it. Stop pretending like you know what Greeks would have done. Look at how butchered Persian titles. They were completely changed up.

And Latins? What Latins? Do you know when he lived? You don't have a ******* clue.
 
Matzinger argues that certain features characteristic of the Albanian language (see A, B, C, D) were already developed, or were being developed, in the second half of the second millennium BC (~1500BC).

If Albanian and its nearly related languages came to the balkans with the channeled ware migrations of ~1200BC into Albania, Dardania, etc, then Albanian may be a language that is more distantly related to Thracian, that has a common ancestor with Thracian in the MBA (~1500BC).

The channeled ware of Albania and Dardania may then have belonged to some western Thracoid language speaking people, Adriatic Thracians, or maybe these were simply the "Dardani".


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Quite likely this is the case, Proto-Albanoid is likely one of the Western Channeled-Ware languages, brought by South-Eastern Urnfielders during Late Bronze Age. It bordered Illyrian in the West and Thracian in the East.
 
Quite likely this is the case, Proto-Albanoid is likely one of the Western Channeled-Ware languages, brought by South-Eastern Urnfielders during Late Bronze Age. It bordered Illyrian in the West and Thracian in the East.

Do you know how utterly insane you sound? You have no idea what these cultures were made of, what percentage of % Y-DNA, if there is an exact link between DNA and cultures (look at Early Beakers and Late Beakers), the timelines, etc...

All of this LOTR lore because you're desperate for your haplogroup to be relevant.
 
Do you know how utterly insane you sound? You have no idea what these cultures were made of, what percentage of % Y-DNA, if there is an exact link between DNA and cultures (look at Early Beakers and Late Beakers), the timelines, etc...

All of this LOTR lore because you're desperate for your haplogroup to be relevant.

Opening your mouth wide open doesn't make anyone any kind of favor. I think it's quite reverse, you are trying to project your complexes into us.

We quote books, academic papers, we try to reason and all you can do is open your mouth and curse like an old lady. Go on Tayna.
 
There are 0 linguists that dispute Bardyllis is related to Bardhe.

So you are back to just making things up and lying again? Did you even read the pages? Its right there in the pages and even highlighted to make it simple for even a child to understand...

The linguist referred to there is the most established living specalist linguist of Messapic, Albanian, Illyrian, today, and he explicitly states it all there, Scenobarbus has nothing to do with Bardhë
 
And Latins? What Latins? Do you know when he lived? You don't have a ******* clue.

The latins that were living in the era when the names Scenobardus were recorded, they should be Scenobarzus (the /sk/ in scenobardus shouldn't exist at all also if it was proto-Albanian, which it surely was not.)

It is not that hard to understand... keep up.
 
Yes, like i said, the linguistic part has a phonology, morphology, and etymology part. It is way more cautious than the old 20th century ones.

For example:

Bardus, Bardulis, ScenoBardus, he argues that if it were related to Albanian. Bardhë, should have been Barzus, Barzulis, ScenoBarzus at this stage, instead it is possible these words were related to Old High German. Bart, Latin. Barba (meaning Beard) and the name ScenoBARBUS which is documented in a latin inscription gives support that these names were related to "Beard" (like Lombards for example) and not white as in Messapic. Barzidihi, Romanian. Barza (which shows that at the time of Albanian romanian contacts Bardhë was Barz-).

Likewise he mentions the example of the Illyrian mountain "Bora" that is etymologised as being descended from the same IE root that gave Slavic. Gora (mountain), Albanian. Gur (rock), Old Indian. Giri (Mountain).

Before you argue this is related to Albanian. Borë, borë comes from proto-Albanian ber-. So this is just two pages, I am trying to post as much from the book as I can, but it is not that expensive to buy online also. Computer version is available likewise.
9yrvEgo.png

Here is the linguist openly disputing relation of Illyrian. bard- with Albanian. Bardhë, and connecting it with an indo european word for beard. (compare english. beard).

Also note how different these cognates between Albanian and Illyrian are:

Illyrian. Bora
Albanian. Gur

both from the same indo-european origin but Illyrian is wildly different to Albanian.
 
Here is the linguist openly disputing relation of Illyrian. bard- with Albanian. Bardhë, and connecting it with an indo european word for beard. (compare english. beard).

Also note how different these cognates between Albanian and Illyrian are:

Illyrian. Bora
Albanian. Gur

both from the same indo-european origin but Illyrian is wildly different to Albanian.

It is interesting here in this case of phonology that Albanian. Gur is closer to Slavic. Gora than it is to Illyrian. Bora
 
That J-L283 suffered so heavily from TC (just one branch from 3.700-3.500 yBP!), but at the same time did join early and successfully the Middle Danubian Urnfielders can only mean they have a fairly North Western position at that time, close to the Alps. It would make no sense otherwise.

More samples from the East Alps region and further south of the Alps should give us a clearer picture in regards to J2b-L283s expansion.
 
We can see what type of relationship Italic and Albanian had if we do a deep dive into the ancient linguistic history of Albanian.

If we see exclusive shared lexicon between Albanian and different IE language groups, an interesting pattern emerges.

Albanian has ZERO shared exclusive isoglosses with the Italic group, and only ONE shared exclusive isogloss with the Italo-Celtic group, while it has a bit more with Celtic.

What this suggests is that Albanian in its ancient stage was very far away from the Italo-Celtic IE group, but had a few more contacts with Celtic at a later stage, when Italo-Celtic had broken up, but again comparatively not that much.

However, if we see the exclusive lexical isoglosses that are shared by Albanian and the Baltic group, we see that this is the highest group with which Albanian shares exclusive isoglosses with. This points to some closer sphere of contact, but if we see the earlier Balto-Slavic stage, we see that
it is a bit less, but still very high, meaning proto-Albanian was in sphere of contact at the time of the Balto-Slavic common period also (a long time ago). This also extends to the Germanic-Balto-Slavic common group.

If we see Albanian exclusive isoglosses with Greek, we see this is the second highest, but very low when it comes to previous stages, so from this it again emerges that Albanian was probably in a Greek sphere of contact at a later stage in Greek's history.

What emerges from this is that a very early proto-Albanian language group must have been somewhere where it could be in contact with the balto-slavic group before they broke up into baltic and slavic.

Matzinger has built upon this work of the isoglosses, by noting that Albanian has deeper grammatical features with Greek, meaning that proto-Albanian must have been a language group that was initially part of the Greek contact sphere, that then fell into the Balto-Slavic sphere, and later again the Greek one.

But very far away from Italo-Celtic and Italic throughout this whole period. This speaks against the East Alpine Block of Illyrian languages, which had a closer relationship to Italic (even autosomally plot like North-Italians).

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Matzinger suggests that the early proto-Albanians developed these isoglosses with the Balto-Slavic group when they were living in the Carpathian region.

What archaeological cultures were in the Carpathian region (Albanian. Karpë) that may be relevant to the proto-Albanians?

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Matzinger suggests that the early proto-Albanians developed these isoglosses with the Balto-Slavic group when they were living in the Carpathian region.

What archaeological cultures were in the Carpathian region (Albanian. Karpë) that may be relevant to the proto-Albanians?

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I have long been fascinated with the Goral people of the Carpathian mountains:

Now, their origins are unknown, but some of their culture is similar with Albanian and Vlach culture. Most obviously, their pants are almost identical to that of Albanian highlanders, known in Albanian as Tirq.

Some people believe they come from a Vlach migration. I wonder if there is any possibility this is instead a retaining of an ancient Carpathian tradition from which Albanians also got their Tirq?

This is obviously less likely, and most probably some sort of medieval migration must have happened, but still when you see them they are so similar to Albanian Tirq, it really is striking.

 
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