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Patterson et. al. (2022) documents ancient human DNA sample I13758 as R-L2. According to Alex Williamson (Alex column; Celtic yDNA spreadsheet) and Dr. David K. Faux (updated paper on "The Presence of Y-DNA Haplogroup R-U152 in Britain": Amended: 18 Nov. 2022); Sample I13758 is positive for...

My question deals with the etymogy of the word Armarium. Modern translations centre around the translation of the term 'cupboard' or armario. I have however no interest in the modern translation or popular understanding but rather in the more obscure and seemingly medieval or even ancient...

This is the overarching question I have in my own family history. If I go back far enough I find my family may have continued to live in the same place but the language, culture and circumstances may have been very different. This is all part of cultural & political turbulence in the world...

The BIG Y technical details have been posted as follows: Targeted Non-recombining Y-DNA sequencing Illumina HiSeq 2000 55X to 80X average coverage Around 11.5 to 12.5 million base-pairs of reliably mapped positions of non-recombining Y-Chromosome Analyzed using Arpeggi genome analysis...

The Z49+ or Z347+ mutations seem to suggest Roman subclades of R1b-U152 L2. What about those subclades that do not carry these two mutations? The Balkans (Greece, Romania etc.) have a significant amount of R1b-U152 L2* that may or may not belong to either one of these two Roman subclades. If...

Have you ever wondered how autosomal SNPs are associated with specific populations across the world? The answer is that allele frequency data is used to associate alleles to various population regions. Allele Frequency Database: - ALFRED - dbSNP Center for Medical Informatics, Yale...

Who is eligible Anyone who: has 23andMe or Family Finder autosomal data, is not related to any other Project participants, has 4 grandparents from the same African, European, or Asian ethnic group or country (e.g., 4 Albanian grandparents, 4 grandparents born in Ethiopia, 4 Kazakh...

Latest version of Admixture http://www.genetics.ucla.edu/software/admixture/download.html ADMIXTURE is a computer software program that once calibrated by a knowledgeable tutor, is used to estimate an individual's ancestral composition by analyzing the allele frequencies from autosomal SNP...

This thread is a platform for the basic technical aspects of Autosomal testing and its applications within geographic origin tests. Most interested individuals have a basic understanding of haplogroups and their subclades however some comments of late have made it increasingly clear that...

European Racial Types according to Ripley Alpine (Celtic): Round Head - Broad Face - Light Chestnut Hair - Hazel or Gray Medium Eyes - Stocky Variable Stature Mediterranean: Long Head - Long Face - Dark Brown or Black Hair - Dark Medium Eyes - Slender Stature Nordic/Scandinavian/Teutonic...

Was it an invasion or a back migration? Were they predominantly R1b or R1a and if they were in fact R1b, what subclade predominated? R1b-P312? R1b-S116? R1b-U152?

There was a question regarding the size of Italy's population during the Lombard invasion in the 6th century. What would you say was the correct figure?

This quote from Taranis made me think whether we may have missed something more recent in Italy's history that could account for high R1b-U152 levels. How certain are we that the Lombards were R1b-U106, HG I? Lombard lands c.750-785 The Lombards could have carried more R1b-U152 than R1b-U106...

R1b-U152 Celtic Homeland R1b-U152 Variance gives us an indication of how diverse the haplotypes within a specific subclade are within a specific region. Until now the expectation has been that where we find high frequencies of R1b-U152 we can expect to find higher diversity of haplotypes...

Where do you believe did R1b-U152 in Scotland come from? There has been a rather heated debate for some time now, where do things stand?

Some people argue that dividing humans into racial categories is scientific racism. How should people be classified then? What do you propose? Some scientific categories include: Semitic, Indo-European, African, Middle-Eastern, Caucasian, Mongoloid etc. How useful are these categories really?

Aromanian or Romanian, they call themselves Vlach. The Vlach people are primarily pastoralists involved in the raising of livestock, they have inhabited the mountains of Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova and the former Yugoslavia and profess the Eastern Orthodox Christian faith...