Albanian substrate in Slavic Carpathia

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ЧЮТИТИ/ČJUTYTY	To restore the vital functions of the human body; to reanimate. Example: "For example, he tells me this: – My grandfather was at the butyn (a distant pasture/mountain hut). When lunchtime arrived, people were eating in the hut, and outside, such heavy clouds gathered that it promised (heavy) rain. Suddenly the thunder struck, but right over the hut itself. It thundered so loudly that people dropped their spoons. My grandfather ran out to have a look. But no sooner had grandfather run out than the thunder struck a second time right above grandfather’s head, and grandfather just fell. People ran out, started chutyty him – but what good did it do? All the same, from that time on, grandfather developed a melancholy (a persistent sorrow/depression) in his heart, and he was never the same man again. He always wanted to hang himself. Maybe we pulled him off the rope a few times, but it was still hard to watch over (keep safe)... (H. Khotkevich. Pacheréz verkhy, 439)."	ço/çoj - to awaken, get up
ШКАМУТ/ŠKAMUT	na škamut (škamutky, škamatje) - Into small pieces, into fragments, to shreds.	shqym/shkym - 1) to tear, rip, rend 2) to extinguish, destroy shqyen/shkyen - to tear [ ] off/up/apart; rip, shred, tear; dismember
ШКРЕПІТЄ/ŠKREPITJE	A rocky cliff; a steep mountain. Example: "Then the old man suspected that his son was either taken by the opryshky (mountain robbers), or someone killed him and hid him somewhere down a ravine in a škrepitju, so that not even a raven could find his bones there, let alone a man... (P. Šekeryk-Dony-kiv. Dido Yvančik, 165)"	shkrep - cliff, crag, pointed crag; barren peak, rocky crag.
ШКРЕПІТКИ/ŠKREPITKY	Small pieces, pieces of something. Example: "The man paled. All sorts of feelings surged through his soul. – But surely... how can I lose him, when he would kill me with one swing, would cut me up into small škrepitky (G. Khotkevych. Dovbush, 352)	shkrepa - coarse flour left after sifting
uszkrebtaty	to strike, hit Example: "I u-szkrebtaw him with the butt [of the rifle/axe]"	shkrep - 1) to strike [a match, flint] (in order to start a fire), attempt to ignite [ ] 2) to trigger [a gun/camera], fire (off) [ ] 3) [Colloq] to slam
ШПУРЄТИСИ/ŠPURJETYSY	to throw, cast, or toss (something) at something else.	shporr - 1) to force [ ] out/away: force [ ] to leave, remove [ ] forcibly, get rid of [ ], chase [ ] out/away 2) to cast [ ] off, discard
ШТРИХА/ŠTRYXA	A river along which rafts are floated. Example: "Rafty štryxoyu na vodu.” = "They štryxoyu the raft on the river"	shtrohet - lay down shtruar - 1) lying down/flat 2) all set/ready 3) calmly; gently; without impediment shtrirë - 1) stretched out; outstretched, extended 2) spread out 3) [Colloq] flat, low shtrirje - surface area, area; expanse, extent
ШУТИЙ/ŠUTYJ	Hornless	shyt - (of horned animals) missing horns
ЩЕЛЕНИЙ/ŠČELENYJ	Fallen, broken, uprooted.	shkul - 1) to yank [ ] up/out/away/off; yank on [ ], yank 2) to force [ ] out/away, drive [ ] out; root [ ] out, uproot. To tear out, to pull out, to eradicate
ЩЕПА/ŠČEPA	Genus, kin," "stock," "tribe," or even "race". Example: "There is in the Slavic ščepi some kind of inclination toward disorder; it is vividly manifested in the Hutsuls."	shqip and shqiptar - Albanian

chjutyty is an example of the author of the dictionary imposing a Slavic meaning by using the Slavic word čuti(to sense, to feel). However reading the literature example(likely from a century ago), such meaning is not feasible but also gibberish. A person has been struck by lighting over the head and people rush to revive him, the meaning is clearly revive and physically lift him, which fits Albanian ço/çoj, there will be proof later on from a different dictionary.

In the Polish dictionary they listed uskrebtaty, which is quite a gem. Now we have three different shkrep words. One is ŠKREPITJE with intensifier sh over the root word krep(rock). The other is ŠKREPITKY, which matches Albanian shkrepa, same root (krep-rock) word but with dis/un sh. And now we have u-szkrebt-aty, which matches another Albanian shkrep of different root from the previous two. Pure coincidence.

 

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This wraps up the two main dictionaries: Dicționar ilustrat huțul-ucrainean-român, mian author Vasil Popovice
The second dictionary was from Vasyl Greshchuk and Valentina Greshcuk, two volumes: Гуцульська діалектна лексика та фраземіка в українській художній мові. Том 1 and Гуцульська діалектна лексика та фраземіка в українській художній мові. Том 2

Since the original links only work from time to time, use this link two access the two volumes:

Carpathian National University Repository: Гуцульська діалектна лексика та фраземіка в українській художній мові. Том 1

lib-repo.pnu.edu.ua

Carpathian National University Repository: Гуцульська діалектна лексика та фраземіка в українській художній мові. Том 2

lib-repo.pnu.edu.ua

Next section will cover three other dictionaries, the inventory will be smaller as the bulk has already been reaped, but there are other new words and new insights not present in the previous two. This next smaller batch will be based off the following works:

1. Тлумачний словник гуцульських говірок (Explanatory Dictionary of Hutsul Dialects) by Petro Havuka https://shron1.chtyvo.org.ua/Havuka_Petro/Tlumachnyi_slovnyk_hutsulskykh_hovirok.pdf?
2. А ОСЬ МАЛЕНЬКИЙ СЛОВНИЧОК ЗАБУТИХ СЛІВ (And here is a small dictionary of forgotten words) https://kosiv.info/library/zdvizhen-hram/524-823-malenkyj-slovnychok-zabutyh-sliv.html
3. Vuyko Mistral: Adapting LLMs for Low-Resource Dialectal Translation https://arxiv.org/html/2506.07617v1

 

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багати/bahaty	to keep in mind, to pay attention	mbaj - to hold, to carry, bear, to keep, maintain. From proto-Alb ën-banj mbahet - 1) to hold on 2) to hold up, last, keep; hold firm; survive
байтарити/bajtaryty	to herd sheep, to be a shepherd	mbaj/mbajtje - to hold, to carry, bear, to keep, maintain. From proto-Alb ën-banj
бошка/boška	fast day (a day of fasting)	mbaj - to hold, to carry, bear, to keep, maintain. From proto-Alb ën-banj. Subjective mood mbash. mbajtur - 3) [Colloq] restrained, conservative, cautious, prudent. Compare English word fasting, from Germanic root fastāną (to hold firmly/keep, hold firm to, to observe), mban/ban provides a similar semantic path.
шимбале–шимбале/šymbale-šymbale	remember	mbaj - to hold, to carry, bear, to keep, maintain.
ВИБАВИТИ/VYBAVYTY	To raise, to bring up. Example: “Grandmother Dokiya vy-bavyla her grandchildren well.”	mbaj/mban - 1) to hold; contain 2) to hold on to [ ]; keep; maintain; support 7) to bear, carry; wear. From proto-Alb ën-banj
б'є град/b'je hrad	it is hailing, hailstorm	bie - to fall; fall down/off/away + slavic hrad (hail)

 

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бринзиник/brynzynyk	a glass jar	brenda - inside; within
бульб'он/bulʹb'on	whirlpool, eddy	bulbëron - to abound; swarm, teem
избератиси/yzberatysy	to get ready for something	bër/bën - 1) to make; cause; produce, create 2) to do, engage in [an activity] 3) to make [ ] ready, prepare
збираїсі/zbyrajisi	is gathering, is getting ready	byr - to carry out, to perform, to execute
збиранє/zbyranje	1) preparation for something 2) gathering, collection	byr - to carry out, to perform, to execute
збиратисі/zbyratysi	to get ready	bër/bën - 1) to make; cause; produce, create 2) to do, engage in [an activity] 3) to make [ ] ready, prepare
збиратиси/zbyratysy	to get dressed	bër/bën - 1) to make; cause; produce, create 2) to do, engage in [an activity] 3) to make [ ] ready, prepare
ЗАБАМБУРЕНИЙ/ZABAMBURENYJ	sulky; pouting; puffed up; absent-minded; confused.	bumbehet - to swell, swell up bumbos - to stifle, suffocate

 

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чєгора/čjehora	spruce branches	çirr - to get scratched (by something sharp), to feel/be subjected to piercing pain
чарити/čaryty	to strip bark, to peel bast	çjerr - to tear, rend, claw, lacerate
чєрти/čjerty	to strip bark from a tree, to peel a tree	çjerr - to tear, rend, claw, lacerate
obczeraty	To 'peel bark off' or 'wear down, scrape off'	çjerr - to tear, rend, claw, lacerate
obczerty	to tear off	çjerr - to tear, rend, claw, lacerate
зачєрати/začjeraty	to gather, to take up	nxjerr - 1) to cause [ ] to move from in to out: get [ ] out, push/pull [ ] out; extract 2) to pick [ ] out, select 4) to move [ ] (to a different place/position); wrench/dislocate [one's limb] 5) to strip off [covering material] 6) to expose; reveal; display; offer. From From n- + çjerr
aнджєрати/andžjeraty	puke, vomit	nxjerr - layout, draw out, spit. Hutsul word is a fossilized construction of en+çjerr. The equivalent of Albanian en as an.
беригулька/beryhulʹka	round-faced, pretty person.	ber - 1) bow; arc, arch, curve 2) (Bot) thorny herbaceous plant with a long, tufted stalk; dart made from the stalk of this plant. Possibly with a compound of Slavic hul - lump
бубукало/bubukalo	grumbler; nagging person.	bubrrinar - person who quibbles over details bubrrimë - fuss
бубка/bubka	overly sensitive person, easily offended.	bubu - expresses worry, misery, or disappointment: alas, oh my, ah me! bubutin - to cry out loudly "bubu"; wail loudly from pain or suffering

obczerty and obczeraty are from the Polish hutsul dictionary. It's an overkill but it makes it beyond doubt the root word is one and the same as Albanian çjerr. Even more fascinating is the older example of andžjeraty, which is just nxjerr in older Albanian format en+çjerr = an-džjer-aty(slavic suffix).
dž sound in Ukranian sounds like x and xh in Albanian.

 

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розчіхнути/rozčixnuty	1) to break apart 2) to split, to splinter	çaj - to split, to cleave, to smash, to batter, to chop up
ВІДЧИХНУТИ/VIDČYXNUTY, ВІДЧЄХНУТИ/VIDČJEXNUTY	To chip off / To snap off / To break off a small piece.	çarë/çarjë - split, open, crack, break çamje - cleft, splitc
зацеконіти/zacekonity	to freeze, to become stiff with cold	cikëm - bitter cold, frost; crust of ice on a road cikmë/ciknë - frost; frosty weather cikrromë - icicle
зацерувати/zaceruvaty	1) to mend, to sew 2) to darn so that it's not noticeable	thur - 1) to plait, braid, interweave 2) to knit *From Proto-Albanian *tsurja thurimë - 1) thing made of interlaced components: mesh, knitting, braid, wattle, wickerwork 2) wattled fence
зачєло/začjelo	it began	çel - 7) to start [ ] up, open [something new] 8) [Fig] to unloose, unleash 9) to put [ ] into action, turn on [a lamp/radio, water] 10 (Fin) to open [an account] 10) to blossom, bloom
ає/aje	negation, meaning "no"	jo - no, not

 

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фашкати/faškaty	1) to wear out clothes 2) to wear outerwear sloppily	fishkur - 1) withered, shriveled up; faded; wrinkled 2) [Fig] listless, apathetic; numb
зафарасений/zafarasenyj	1) thrown away, abandoned, left behind. 2) neglected	ferrë - 1) general term for a bush that grows wild and has thorny branches: brier 2) thorn 3) thorny branch; thorn
ФОРОСТ/FOROST	a, m. Brushwood. Twigs. Example: "And then “they threw forost into the fire(vatra) so that it would burn…” (Yu. Chyha).	ferrë - 1) general term for a bush that grows wild and has thorny branches: brier 2) thorn 3) thorny branch; thorn ferrishtë - brier patch, bramble thicket
ФОРМІТ/FORMIT	A small tube or hose for fermenting homemade wine. Example: "A formit was placed in the cork and led into a pot with liquid. Once it fermented, the formit was removed, the cork closed the jar, and it was put in the cellar. (V. Dmytriuk)."	frymë - 1) breath; breathing 2) expelled air 3) wind; gale 4) [Colloq] odor, fragrance 5) spirit; soul
флецнутисі/flecnutysi	to fall	fle - to sleep
фльицкавка/flʹyckavka	slush, slop	pllaq-plluq - onomat [Colloq] sound of water splashed by hands or feet
розфляцкати/rozfljackaty	1) to splash, to spill 2) splash out	pllaquritet - to splash water with the hands or feet
зафляцкатиси/zafljackatysy	to get splashed, to get spattered	pllaquritet - to splash water with the hands or feet
фляцнутиси/fljacnutysy	to fall into something wet.	pllaquritet - to splash water with the hands or feet

 

[PaleoRevenge]

ФУЛЬКОТИТ/FULʹKOTYT	To bubble; wine foaming.	flluskon - 1) to form bubbles: bubble 2) to emerge in bubbles: bubble out 3) to float
фльошкати/flʹoškaty	to bubble, splash.	flluskë - bubble, blister flluskon - 1) to form bubbles: bubble 2) to emerge in bubbles: bubble out 3) to float
пофолосилоси/pofolosylosy	to be lucky, fortunate, successful.	fal - to give, offer, present
ofołosyty	'to utilize, make useful'. Example: "So that the Lord God may help to recite and to make this incantation/charm ofołosyty "	fal - to give, offer, present
ҐАРУВАТИ/GARUVATY	1) To work hard, to toil heavily 2) to make a groove (slot) in a board for joining with another board.	gërryen - 1) to eat away at [a surface] gradually 2) to nibble at [ ], gnaw at [ ]; scrape, grate 3) to erode 4) (Chem) to corrode, eat into
ґівочьила/givočʹyla	to be a young, unmarried woman	gocë - teenage girl, lass
ҐОДЗЛИК/GODZLYK	Small ball / Bead / Pellet / Small knob	gogël - 1) hard globular seed or cone of a tree: acorn, cone 2) dark hair dye extracted from acorns/cones 3) small round object: ball of cheese, meatball, abacus bead, berry
ҐОДЗА/Godza	Furuncle / Boil / Abscess	gogël - 1) hard globular seed or cone of a tree: acorn, cone 2) dark hair dye extracted from acorns/cones 3) small round object: ball of cheese, meatball, abacus bead, berry
ҐОДЗЬИНКА/Godz'ynka	Very small potatoes (seed potatoes or culls)	gogël - 1) hard globular seed or cone of a tree: acorn, cone 2) dark hair dye extracted from acorns/cones 3) small round object: ball of cheese, meatball, abacus bead, berry
ФУТКО/FUTKO	adv. Fast; quickly. Example: "If it were brought suddenly into the warm house, it could futky die. Therefore, it is necessary to first bring it into the chorim (main room) or into the stable, and to warm it up (best to unwrap the shirt, because frozen hands, feet, and fingers are very fragile and can easily be broken)."” (K. g., 1935)	fut - thrust, enter, put, tuck, introduce.
ФУШКАТИ/FUŠKATY	To blow; to stoke a fire. Example: “The old woman fushnula a few times and the stove fire flared up.” (H. Kutashchuk)	frysh - to blow

 

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дринькати/drynʹkaty	to strum / to jingle	dredhëz - cord, string dredh - 1) to twist, spin; curl 2) to cause [ ] to tremble; cause [a current] to oscillate 3) [Colloq Fig] to shake [ ] up, frighten, shock
дринькотіти/drynʹkotity	to shiver from cold or fear	dridh - to set [ ] atremble, cause [ ] to shiver
габучьити/habučʹyty	To disturb, to worry, to trouble, or to "agitate" someone	gabon - 1) to mistake, confuse; miss, get [ ] wrong 2) to delude, mislead, deceive
ГАЛ/HAL	in a row, in sequence, consecutively or continuously.	shkla/shkel? with shk shifting to h
галапасня/halapasnja галапасництво/halapasnyctvo	parasitism, freeloading	pas - 1) behind; along behind, following 2) after Hutsul hal(row, sequence, consecutive) + pas = someone that stick's behind someone else constantly
галапас/halapas	freeloader, parasite	pas - 1) behind; along behind, following 2) after Hutsul hal(row, sequence, consecutive) + pas = constantly behind someone = someone that stick's behind someone else constantly
гарен/haren	cannot, is unable	harruar - preoccupied/absentminded person harron - to forget
гоцкати/hockaty	to toss up, to throw up	heq - to pull, to draw, to remove
галамага/halamaha	Rough, coarse, or vulgar mouth.	gojëmadh - who talks a lot, talkative. A compound of gojë/golë(mouth), goglie in old Tosk. g to h shift is quite common in Hutsul, like the word havora/gavora (cave)

 

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вигулити/vyhulyty	to coax out, to wheedle out, to beg for, to obtain by entreaty or wheedling	hulumtim - 1) investigation, inquiry, exploration; written report of an investigation 2) research
кабзувати/kabzuvaty, кібзувати/kibzuvaty	to ruin, to spoil, to destroy, ruin previous state.	kalbëzon - 1) to begin to rot/spoil 2) to become putrefied: putrefy kalbëzim - rotten part, rotten thing kalbës - rotting, putrescent
покабзувати/pokabzuvaty	to put out of order, to ruin	kalbëzon - 1) to begin to rot/spoil 2) to become putrefied: putrefy kalbëzim - rotten part, rotten thing kalbës - rotting, putrescent
капчур/kapčur	sock	këpucë - shoe këputë - sole of the foot
КАПЧІКИ/KAPČIKY	Shoes made of calf leather.	këpucë - shoe këputë - sole of the foot
керуєт/kerujet	he/she commands, he/she directs	krye - 1) head 2) head, chief 6 )[Fig] best and most-honored position, head kryej - perform, carryout, execute kryetar - chief, head; chairman, leader, boss kryesues - person in charge at an event: leader, director, manager
камбатурка/kambaturka	book cover	mbath - 1) to clothe all or part of the lower body (below the waist): put on [legwear/footwear] 2) to provide <> with [legwear/footwear] 3) to shoe [a horse/mule] 4) [Colloq] to put tires on [a vehicle] 5) to repair [ ] by applying a metal patch 6) to fill up and cover over [an empty space or hole] mbathura - 1) [Crude] underpants; shorts 2) [Colloq] thick plumage on the legs of certain fowl k/kë = to, From Proto-Albanian *ka-

This is a nice one. I recall kapci and kapcur which were sandals, socks, and sandal like footwear were posted before, and correctly connected to këpucë by me. Now we have a fourth variant which means shoe, KAPČIKY.

kerujet is a really good one. I examined it carefully before posting, as there are variations of the word in polish, goroh accepts the standard school of thought. A lookalike German word takes on a different meaning and it spills into Ukraine.
The assumption is kierować comes from kehren, despite no overlap in meaning. What's more interesting is the hutsul form is at odds with the proper slavic variants as the ujet lack any slavic suffix formation, which points to an originality of the word, a strong hint of a substrate.
In goroh it lasts "examples" of some derivative words that are dialectal. It lists ке́рон (keron) - leader and the derivative керовни́чий (kerovnyčyj) - as chieftain/leader. keron does not even have a slavic suffix. The Polish word is prolific and has been a staple administrative term since the commonwealth period, no record of which shows to it ever meant to sweep or turn 180 as does in German. One can even spent time drilling into the German word, no Germanic language uses to mean to manage or direct people.

kierować - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

en.wiktionary.org

kehren - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

en.wiktionary.org

 

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ара/ara	water (dialectal)	ujera - waters
аршиця/aršycja	natural mineral water	ujera - waters
кріс/kris	rifle	kris - 1) to crack 2) to make a sharp explosive noise: crack, clap, crash
лепкий/lepkyj	dirty, muddy	leptyrë - muddy place, slippery ground
леп/lep	dirt, mud, old dirt/grime on the body	leptyrë - muddy place, slippery ground
кундосити/kundosyty	to tousle / to dishevel	kundalis - to cause back and forth motion: shake [ ], vibrate [ ], rock [ ]
кундоситиси/kundosytysy	to rummage through something; to sort through something aimlessly	kundalis - to cause back and forth motion: shake [ ], vibrate [ ], rock [ ]
мендувати/menduvaty, заминдувати/zamynduvaty	to denounce, to inform on, to notify, to report	mundësi - 3) [Old] authority, right
ВИКЄГНУТИ/VYKJEHNUTY	To pull out. Example: “Baba Vasylina’s gun was also vi-kyehly from the shed.”	qit - to pull out (weapon); to draw out. From Proto-Albanian *kitja.

I was initially hesitant on posting ara, but I was looking at reconstructed Dacian words yesterday, which was done based on toponyms:

If linguists had no problem linking Albanian ujera with auras, good enough for me. Pretty interesting that a reconstructed Dacian word exists in Hutsul in same exact format. Pure coincidence.

I can't find any info on Albanian kris, whether its considered a native word or a loan. If it's a loan from Salvic kresali, why is the Hutsul and Albanian form the same.

leptyrë is word Orel suggests it comes from Latin word for teary eyes(not a joke), Orel tried to link it basically to the same root word as lipids. A perfect cognate with Hutsul, without a Romanian middle man, puts speculation to rest, this is a native vocab from a common Daco-Thracian linguist past.

menduvaty is related to the German derived word melduvaty, but the Hutsul pronunciation is not some weird sloppy mistake, they had an older word for authority and merged with it.

 

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НАЙПУШШИЙ/NAJPUŠŠYJ	The worst; the weakest, most inferior. Example: “…If you put a bit of that fierce [old] butter under the tail of the naj-puszszomu (weakest/worst) horse, it would fly to Kosiv without a rest stop."(O. Manchuk)	poshtë - 1) low 2) below; lower; less; worse 3) down; downward poshtëm - lower, inferior poshtër - 1) vile; base, low, indecent 2) [Reg] lower, inferior. A formation in -shtë > *-est, from posh, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds.
НАЙПУЩЕ/NAJPUŠČE, pust'yj	The worst thing; very bad. Example: “…"Now in the shops there are so many goods from China, it seems they shove all the naj-puszcze (worst/lowest quality) into Ukraine."” (Kosiv)	poshtë - 1) low 2) below; lower; less; worse 3) down; downward poshtëm - lower, inferior poshtër - 1) vile; base, low, indecent 2) [Reg] lower, inferior. A formation in -shtë > *-est, from posh, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds.
pustyństwo	debauchery, libertinism, profligacy	poshtërsi - 1) baseness, indecency, immorality 2) indecent/immoral action: iniquity, misdeed, villainy
Pustyni(a)	great forest. Example: "The fox has led [them] into the puszczu."	poshtëm - 1) lower, inferior 2) downstream. In the Polish-Hutsul dictionary example wielki las must mean low-lying, dense forest, the dense timber of the lower elevations of the Carpathians = poshtëm
неґура/negura, ni'agura	dense fog, mist, bad weather	mjegull/njegull - fog, haze, mist. from Proto-Albanian *meg(u)lā
непричком/nepryčkom	accidentally	proçkë - clumsy error made without thinking: faux pas, stupid blunder; silly thing
ПРИЧКА, ПРИЧЬКА/PRYČKA, PRYČʹKA	Misfortune, unpleasant incident. Example: “This happened long ago, but people still remember it, and the elders tell the PRYCHKA to the young, not as a tale – a fable, but as true truth.”	proçkë - clumsy error made without thinking: faux pas, stupid blunder; silly thing
ОПОЛОЖИТЦИ/OPOLOŽYTCY	To give birth (cattle). Example: “If a cow calves on Jan 1, it will o-polózhytci on Oct 12; gestation lasts 285 days.” (K. g., 1935)	pjell - 1) to bring forth young, give birth to [ ] (for non-human births); lay [an egg] 2) [Colloq] to bear [fruit]; bear [a child]
ОПРИШОК/OPRYŠOK	Outlaw; destroyer, exterminator. Participant in national liberation struggles in Galicia, Zakarpattia, and Bukovina against feudal-serf oppression. In this context, a destroyer of Polish nobility exploiting the weakened Galician state during prolonged wars and Tatar raids in 1337. (V. Stef’uk)	prish - 1) to break, ruin, spoil, destroy 2) to break [a mechanism/agreement] 3) to break [ ] apart/down; unravel, untangle, loosen up [ ] 4) to break [a larger piece of money into smaller amounts], change; spend [an amount of money] 5) to delete, strike [ ] out 6) [Fig] to mess/foul prishës - 1) demolisher, wrecker 2) person who despoils/breaks/disrupts {}: despoiler, {}-breaker, disrupter 3) waster, spendthrift 4) person who breaks an agreement
ИСПРИШШІТИ/YSPRYŠŠITY	To strike someone in revenge when they didn’t expect it. Strongly hit.	prish - 1) to break, ruin, spoil, destroy 2) to break [a mechanism/agreement] 3) to break [ ] apart/down; unravel, untangle, loosen up [ ] 4) to break [a larger piece of money into smaller amounts], change; spend [an amount of money] 5) to delete, strike [ ] out 6) [Fig] to mess/foul

Nice to see additional examples of the Hutsul word PUŠČ/PUŠŠ, not only does it mean lowest, inferior, in previous postss/examples it meant physically lower, and from the Polish-Hutsul dictionary it also means debauchery(poshtërsi), this makes it beyond doubt, its one and the same as Albanian root word posht. The Hutsul even use the same word in geographic sense.

Equally as nice, is the definition of Opryshok, previous dictionaries had a more patriotic meaning, while in these two other dictionaries the raw definition is used, destroyer, exterminator.

ni'agura is considered a loan from Romanian(negură), which itself is considered a Latin word(nebula) despite the pattern of ur equating to ull in Albanian as in veizure/vjedhull, brusture/brushtull. The word could just as easily be a local Dacian substrate.

 

[PaleoRevenge]

НЕКИФУРНА/NEKYFURNA	Sloppy; dirty; unkempt woman.	pakrehur - unkempt, disheveled; uncombed krehur - combed, carded. ne(slavic) - no, not
парити/paryty	to walk quickly	para - 1) ahead; forward 2) forward: in front përpara - 1) ahead; forward 2) earlier, before paret - to progress, proceed, advance
ПАЦЕЛИЙ/PACELYJ	strong, powerful, agile.	pacak - boundless, unlimited
піціцькі/picicʹki	tiny, minuscule, little	picir - small-bodied: tiny picirruk/picërrak - small-bodied: tiny picir - covered with small spots: dotted; freckled, spotted
ПРИМОРСНУЛОСИ/PRYMORSNULOSY	Same as to desire strongly; to suddenly want.	përmallohet - to feel nostalgia/longing, yearn
присній/prysnij	friendly, pleasant	pres/pret - to receive [visitors/guests], welcome; give [ ] a reception
ріщє/riščje	deadwood, dry brushwood	rreshk - 1) to sear/brown [food]; toast 2) to parch, wither; wizen, weather (with heat)

 

[PaleoRevenge]

СТРУНҐАРЬ/STRUNGARʹ, СТРУНҐАШ/STRUNGAŠ	Shepherd’s assistant who drives sheep into the milking chute.	shtrungë - 1) narrow runway in a goat/sheep pen into which animals are guided for individual handling 2) goat/sheep pen 3) small shallow channel dug from the irrigation canal into the irrigation ditch of a field
СПРІТОВУВАТИ/SPRITOVUVATY	to accumulate, to amass, to gather up.	prit - wait, hold
СПУЗАРЬ/SPUZARʹ	helper of shepherds on the pasture, who maintains the fire in the hut (kolyba), cooks, etc. Example: “At the very time when Ivan was already serving as spuzar, Vasyl’s second son Oleksa was born.” (H. Smolskyi)	shpuzit - to poke [a fire], stir [hot ashes] shpuzë - tiny ember still burning among the hot ashes; cigarette ash
СКЛІРОТИЧЬКА/SKLIROTYČʹKA	forgetful person who writes everything down in a notebook. Example: “Adi, Ivan, like a skl’irotychka, writes down everything.” (Ya. Zelenchuk)	shqyrtoj - to conduct an inquiry/investigation into [ ]; examine [ ] thoroughly qyr - to observe, look, analyse
спуза/spuza	dust, ashes	shpuzit - to poke [a fire], stir [hot ashes] shpuzë - tiny ember still burning among the hot ashes; cigarette ash
шарудіти/šarudity	to rustle, to make a noise	sherr - loud quarrel, squabbling; discord, dispute, argument.
шкрептатиси/škreptatysy	to have an abortion	shkrep - to begin suddenly: gush out

Shpuze is considered a Latin loan, except it has zero descendants among Latin, the word only has decedents in Albanian, Romanian and Hutsul. Also the Hutsul usage is so prolific and varied, even if this word is a loan it's likely a pre-Latin loan.

spodium - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

en.wiktionary.org

Albanian qyr is interesting, the proposed reconstruction is clearly wrong, the linguist are zeroed in on forcing a connection to PIE *(s)kowh₁éyeti. The vast majority of Albanian q sounds formed from an earlier kl, a consistent match with Hutsul kl proves this. The earlier Albanian form was klyr, and possibly related to Latin clarus, a similar development.

 

[PaleoRevenge]

ШТУРБА/ŠTURBA	Sheep, old ewe	shterpore - 1) infertile young ewe or nanny goat; ewe/nanny with no offspring for the year 2) two-year old female sheep or goat 3) shed in which infertile livestock are segregated shterpor - two-year old male sheep or goat Latin?
шкруміти/škrumity	to give off smoke, to smolder, to stink of smoke. unpleasant smell of something burnt	shkrumb - char, chinder, carbonized residue from burning; smelly residue of scorched food stuck to the bottom of a pan shkrumbët - charred, burned shkrumbuar - 1) incinerated; burnt; cremated 2) cooked to a crisp; parched
сороміцькі/soromicʹki	vulgar words, vulgarisms	shaj/sharë - to insult, revile, slander
спір/spir, spyr	asthma, shortness of breath	shpirrë - 1 (Med) asthma 2 (Veter) respiratory catarrh in livestock and poultry: heaves (in horses) shparit/shparis - to tire [ ] out greatly
zasporowatity	to get asthma, become breathless'	shpirrë - 1 (Med) asthma 2 (Veter) respiratory catarrh in livestock and poultry: heaves (in horses) shparit/shparis - to tire [ ] out greatly
штус/štus	punch, thump, kick, shove	shty - to push; shove; propel, from archaic and dialectal shtynj, from Proto-Albanian *stūdnja
шипіт/šypit	rapids in a rive, natural rocky waterfalls, river threshold,	shpeitë - quick, fast

Albanian is supposedly from Latin via Greek, the jumps in semantic shifts is comical, while the unity in Vlach-Albanian-Hutsul usage is solid and stable.

From Byzantine Greek στέριφος (stériphos), which also gave Romanian sterp, Venetan sterpo, Friulian sterpe, borrowed from Vulgar Latin *exstirpus, from Latin exstirpo (“I root out”).<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shterp#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shterp#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a>

στριφνός - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

en.wiktionary.org

Orel proposed Albanian shpirre is from Latin, the lack of the word in Romanian(even in root form) plus the direct solid link between Albanian and Hutsul makes this assumption doubtful. The root words are connected, but the usage in Albanian and Hutsul is quite specific and likely of native vocab.

shpirrë - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

en.wiktionary.org

spiro - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

en.wiktionary.org

 

[PaleoRevenge]

термінє/terminje	splinters, wood chips	thërrime - 1) crumb 2) tiny rice-like pasta 3) little piece of something: particle 4) [Fig] very small amount: tiny bit
трап'аш/trap'aš	path trodden by sheep	trap - narrow trail (in woods or mountains)
тра'ші/tra'ši	it is still necessary (dialectal)	trash - 1) to increase [ ] in thickness: thicken 2) [Fig Colloq] to increase [ ] in density/intensity: deepen; intensify; exacerbate; strengthen 3) [Fig Colloq] to exaggerate; overdo
трімність/trimnistʹ	diligence, carefulness, industriousness	trim - man, manful, hero, courageous, valiant, valorous
вісипувати/visypuvaty	to carry out, take out	sipër - over, above + Slavic prefix vi/vu out, forth, away sup - shoulder
встроїтись/vstrojitysʹ	to get settled, to get a job, get situated	shtrohet - 1) to become flat/level, lie down; become calm 2) to be seated (in a casual way for an enjoyable purpose) 6) [Fig] to get down to work on <> 7) to submit; calm down and behave properly
УНОГДИ – КА/UNOHDY – KA	recently, just now, the other day.	ni/nani - now tani - now; at present. tani ka/nani ka - just happened, recently

Unohdy is Slavic same as Ukranian onóhdy (recently, these days; the day before yesterday). But the most interesting is the ending sequence, the word ka, which is a Albanian word that means has, used in exact same way to confirm something has just occurred.

 

[PaleoRevenge]

I also reviewed the Polish dictionary and revisited the 1st dictionary, as now I am much more familiar with archaic forms of Albanian. This batch will be larger than previous one, quite good too. There will be another dictionary added too after the completion of these set, plus another smaller dataset. And God willing that will be the end as all the data needs to be cleaned up(mistakes caught after the fact) and reorganized.

New batch comes from

Słownik huculski - Digital Repository of Scientific Institutes

Bibliogr

rcin.org.pl

https://files.karpaccy.pl/dictionar_hutuli.pdf

and a new dictionary that will only be used supplemental in this section, it will have its own main separate batch due to new cognates it provides.

ампир/ampyr	Bucket, pail	mbart/mbar - 1) to bear, carry, transport, convey 2) (Fin) to carry over [ ] mbrus - 1) to fill [ ] to capacity 2) to load [ ] heavily, load [ ] to capacity or a ancient Roman loan amphora
ba, ба/ba	2) Adversative/Contrastive Particle (But, Yet, However), Conj. and, but, then	po - 1) but 2) (in conditional clauses) if; 3) if only interj oh say! say! but say! 4) indicates momentaneous action: be {verb}ing
barduszka	reddish ewe	bardhushkë - (Bot) herbaceous plant with reddish flowers and comestible tubers
bardzia, bardziastyj	black ewe with a white stripe across	bardhë - the color white; white paint; something white. From Proto-Albanian *bardza bardhezi - in black and white
bardzyła	goat	bardhë - the color white; white paint; something white. From Proto-Albanian *bardza bardhajkë - white sheep, goat, or cow bardhanë - white sheep, goat, or cow bardhash - white billy goat; white dove, white horse bardhilë - white cow bardhishe - white goat
bełeżenyj	soiled with manure from cows'. Cf. bełega.	bajgos - to soil with dung, defecate (said of large farm animals)
berfela	device hung on the werkluh: a movable hook for hanging a kettle over the fire is inserted into an arm sticking out from the wall above the hearth	mbërthen - 1) to fasten [ ] securely; button [ ] up, secure [ ] with a clasp 2) to secure by nailing: nail 3) to put [ ] securely in place: fasten 4) to grip tight: clamp, clutch 5) to hitch up: yoke [oxen], harness [horses]
blend'a	a rash on the body, skin eruption	brenget - to break out (in swellings or bumps); bear many scars brengë - 2) scar 3 [Old] (Med) diphtheria
briaga, briyga	Thick spruce; Large, stout spruce tree	bredh - fir. Matzinger reconstructs Proto-Albanian *braȷ́ʉh sg, *braȷ́ai
бойє/bojje, а бойє́/a bojjé	truly, indeed, Interj. "Aha!", "Indeed", "By the way" (sudden recollection)	po - 1) affirmative particle: yes; indeed 2) [Colloq] (in questions) confirmative tag: is that right? 3) confirmative identifier: exactly, precisely, the very 4) indicates momentaneous action: be {verb}ing
бойє/bojje	Remembers	mbaj - to hold, to carry, bear, to keep, maintain. From proto-Alb ën-banj

ampyr is more than likely from Roman or Greek(black sea ports), a ancient loan from the Carpian days:

amphora - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

en.wiktionary.org

Romanian does not have the word bardzia for goats or sheep, which is incredibly spelled in the reconstructed earlier phase of Albanian(*bardza ), like many Hutsul cognates tend to be, pure luck and coincidence.
Romanian barza for stork, is clearly borrowed from another Dacian pocket, there must have been at least one more back in the early middle ages, likely in Oltenia area(where there is highgest concentration of E-V13 today in Romania). It's pretty clear now, that in present day Romania was once spoken a Albanoid language, there is no other explanation. But I will beat this dead horse until it turns to dust.

 

[PaleoRevenge]

bukata	'piece, bit, a generic piece of something, often food. Hn., 'in general a piece [of something] Bż, 'piece [of something], slice [of bread]	bukë - 1) bread 2) loaf of bread 5) food 6) meal (breakfast, lunch, dinner) 8) [Fig] necessities of life, a living, livelihood 9) [Fig] employment, job; place of employment 10) [Fig] essential material in an industry 11) something in the shape of a round loaf
бука́та/bukáta	Arch. a large slice or chunk (of bread, cheese, or butter)	bukë - 1) bread 2) loaf of bread 5) food 6) meal (breakfast, lunch, dinner) 8) [Fig] necessities of life, a living, livelihood 9) [Fig] employment, job; place of employment 10) [Fig] essential material in an industry 11) something in the shape of a round loaf
БУКАТЭ/BUKATÈ	1) 'piece (of bread, mamalyga, wood, etc.)'; 2) 'section of a road'; 3) 'interval of time'	bukë - 1) bread 2) loaf of bread 3) grain from which flour is made; a year's harvest; a year's production of grain 4) kernel of grain; meaty/fleshy part of a fruit or vegetable, pith; pulp 5) food 6) meal (breakfast, lunch, dinner) 7) [Fig] useful/valuable content, worthwhile value at the core 8) [Fig] necessities of life, a living, livelihood 9) [Fig] employment, job; place of employment 10) [Fig] essential material in an industry 11) something in the shape of a round loaf bukë - np 1) loaves 2)[Colloq Fig] years (of age)
БУКЭТАР/BUKЕTAR	1) 'cook'; 2) 'bread cutter'	bukë - 1) bread 2) loaf of bread 3) grain from which flour is made; a year's harvest; a year's production of grain 4) kernel of grain; meaty/fleshy part of a fruit or vegetable, pith; pulp 5) food 6) meal (breakfast, lunch, dinner) 7) [Fig] useful/valuable content, worthwhile value at the core 8) [Fig] necessities of life, a living, livelihood 9) [Fig] employment, job; place of employment 10) [Fig] essential material in an industry 11) something in the shape of a round loaf bukatar - (Old) baker

In Vasyl Greshchuk dicitonary there is a massive entry on "bukata", initially I left it out as the Albanian word is considered a Latin loan, this seems highly doubtful, but also even intentional. It is hard to explain how this word exists even in Belarus dialects, if it's a late Romanian intruder, it's span fits better as an old Carpathian term mutual between all Daco-Thracians. The word even existed in Phrygian with same meaning as Albanian, thus a Latin development from "boca" mouth, is not necessary, though seems very convenient.

The entry in Vasy Greschuk dictionary is massive, what really sticks out in the endless examples is how bukata is always referring to food:

A piece of anything.

Examples:

• "He remembered how his father once brought fish home from work in Bessarabia—so salty, so good. His mother boiled it with onions and gave him a piece (bukata) as thick as two fingers." (Marko Cheremshyna)
• "At the very bottom of the basket, she placed bread, Easter bread for the livestock, a chunk (bukata) of cheese, sausage, a wooden container of butter, salt pork, and eggs—including one raw one, as it is good against heartburn." (H. Khotkevych)
• "Do you hear what I’m saying?.. Look, there’s no order at all. The dishes haven't been washed since yesterday... but she, if she only had a piece (bukata) of bread and a bucket of dairy, she would just mumble her prayers all day." (M. Kozoris)
• "The guests broke bread from the loaves into large chunks (bukatamy); sipping soup from large wooden spoons and shamelessly pulling meat from the bowls, they politely thanked the hostess." (P. Shekeryk-Donykiv)
• "Semen took a ball of twine from his bag and used it to slice the kulesha (cornmeal porridge) into several parts from top to bottom. Each outlaw took a piece (bukati) of kulesha, pressed a lump of it in their fingers, dipped it in bryndza cheese, and ate." (I. Berezovskyi)
• "A piece (bukata) of bread smeared with resin glued the dog's teeth shut, and Paraska safely sat down under the cows in the stable." (R. Yendyk)
• "He put a chunk (bukatu) of cheese and some corn cake for the road into his bag, tucked a pistol into his belt, took an axe in his hands, and in a minute disappeared into the mountain pine thicket." (V. Hzhytskyi)
• "I have a piece (bukatu) of kulesha; the godmother brought it to us yesterday." (P. Fedyuk)
• "This made Dzhyobaka very happy, and he hurried to find sticks for the campfire, while he showed me where to carry the greyish chunks (bukaty) [of stone/ore] for smelting." (M. Yanovskyi)

• Figurative use: "Bronka, Bronka," she wrapped her arms around him, "don't you know, don't you feel, that for you I would not just give a piece of bread, but... I would slice off a chunk (bukatu) of my own life and give it to you?" (Iryna Vilde)

• "The stepmother, eager to push her stepdaughter out of the house as soon as possible, grabbed the bread [offered by suitors] with both hands and nudged her husband to agree. They gave their consent and sent for the girl, but something had come over her. She became stubborn, and stubborn, and stubborn; even if you chopped her into pieces(bukati), she just kept muttering: 'I don't want to and I won't go, you can cut me into little bits.'" (H. Khotkevych)

The words exists in Romanian:

bucată - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

en.wiktionary.org

bucătar - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

en.wiktionary.org

The definotion usualy matches Hutsul useage but not as as bread cutter. And tar, is not a normal Romanian suffix, the standard suffix is usually tor.

Seems convinient explanation, to push for a Latin origin. An admission to a Dacian substrate or the possiblity of such leads one to path that eventually reveals a treasure trove of other words like shkreprinje ad fleterinje.

Bukatar is from a Soviet project, which will be shared letter. For now we will focus on the Polish dicionary.

 

[PaleoRevenge]

борньовка/bornʹovka	Backpack	barrëson - 1) to bear, carry, transport, convey 2) (Fin) to carry over [ ] barrë - 1) burden; load 2) large quantity/amount 3) [Fig] heavy responsibility 4) (Law) burden on property, encumbrance 5) fetus
борсати/borsaty	To pull, to drag	barrëson - 1) to bear, carry, transport, convey 2) (Fin) to carry over [ ] barrë - 1) burden; load 2) large quantity/amount 3) [Fig] heavy responsibility 4) (Law) burden on property, encumbrance 5) fetus
byrka/byrnia	sheep	berr - small livestock (sheep or goat)
би́рька/býr'ka	Affec/Child. a little sheep/lamb	berr - small livestock (sheep or goat)
cap	he-goat, male of the goat	cjap - male goat, billy goat
цапо́к/capók	(hunting) a male roe deer / buck	cjapor - having large horns sticking straight up
цу́пкати/cúpkaty	to hop/skip (like kids/goats); to stomp/tap feet during a dance	cjapthi - rearing up on two front legs like a billy goat capok - young male goat
цепати/cepaty	to break up hard lumps in the garden	capit - to break up [clods of soil] with a short-handled cultivator, cultivate copëton - to break/cut/crush/tear [ ] into pieces, reduce [ ] to fragments: fragment, shred; decimate, devastate coptues - reducing to fragments/pieces copë - piece broken off from a larger part: fragment, crumb
cepit	fine gravel in the mountains	copë - 1) piece broken off from a larger part: fragment, crumb 2) piece, bit, part
поця́пці/pocjápci	bit by bit / in tiny amounts	copë/copkë - bit, fragment
ця́пку/cjápku	a tiny bit / a smidge	copëz/copkë- bit, fragment

 

[PaleoRevenge]

chytaty/chitaty	to go, to travel	çon - 1) to take [ ] somewhere, take [ ] along; deliver 2) to convey, carry 3) to send 4) to direct [ ] towards a target: cast, send 5) to lead 6) [Fig] to drive/lead [ ] forward, impel 7) [Colloq] to move
czupkaty	to stamp, to walk around	çap - 1) to extend one's leg for walking; get a move on; stride; the sound a step makes 4) to go somewhere, set off 5) to walk slowly/hesitantly 6) to pace, step, stride
чапаш/čapaš, Chapash / Chepash / Chopash (чапаш)	1) a trodden path made by animals, a trail or path worn down by people or livestock; a path through snow 2) (Rare) A clearing in a forest.	çap -1) step, pace; sound of a step 3) gait 4) hunting dog, hound
зачя́патисі/začjápatysi	to leave food residue on the lips	çap/përçap - 3) to chew, to munch, chew loudly çapllon - to eat noisily
розчипі́ритисі/rozčypírytysi	to sprawl one's legs wide apart	çapëlohet - 3) to sit astraddle; sprawl out çapluem - straddle-legged
чипі́рнатий/čypírnatyj	bow-legged / pigeon-toed	çapok - 1) (Anat) hipbone, hip; haunch 2) thighbone; thigh 3) shin; tibia, shinbone çapitet - 1) to take one's first steps: toddle, begin walking 2) to walk with difficulty: trudge, plod, walk laboredly, walk heavily 3) to stride, pace, step
чіпурда́ти/čipurdáty	to take small steps; (of a toddler) to start walking	çap - 1) step, stride, extended leg 2) to take steps in achieving something çapitet - 1) to take one's first steps: toddle, begin walking 2) to walk with difficulty: trudge, plod, walk laboredly, walk heavily 3) to stride, pace, step çaplon - 1) to stride, pace, step 2) to open one's legs; straddle

chytaty is likely a cousin to ЧЮТИТИ/ČJUTYTY, which in earlier section it's used by the Hutsuls to wake someone up after they've passed out. While chytaty has no direct cognate, it's likely related to çon/çoj, I could not find a Slavic cognate to explain it's meaning. Albanian çoj in the sense of transportation has a small overlap.

čapaš is interesting, like many words Ukranian linguist can't explain they just throw it behind a onomatopoeic tag, or in this case assigned to Hungarian, which has no etymology, and so many words with perfect cognate with Albanian are shunned and Daco-Thracian remains "unknown". The Hutsul span of definition from trail, step, leg and sprawl point to a consistent common origin with Albanian. One of the definitions can be plausibly Slavic (referring to sprawl from a Slavic word to split/spread) but the consistent use referring to leg action consistently favors a Daco-Thracian origin.

The endless train of coincidences marches on.

csapás - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

en.wiktionary.org