GEDMatch HarappaWorld Gedmatch, post and compare your admixtures to ancient and contemporary.

[Tomenable]

Dodecad K12b:

Orange = changes associated with Copper Age; red = with Bronze-Iron Age:

https://s10.postimg.org/dymkjnhwp/Metal_Transition.png

^^^ Armenia is interesting.

Copper Age Areni-1 (I1631) has a high % of "NorthEurope", then it declines in Early Bronze Age Kura-Araxes samples (I1658 and I1635), and then it once again increases in Middle-Late Bronze Age samples (all of Armenian RISE + I1656).

Copper Age Armenian sample (I1631) was from this place:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areni-1_cave_complex

 

[Tomenable]

Here are some ancient DNA samples from Asia Minor on Gedmach:

Kum4 (from Kumtepe) is Indo-European, and has a lot of Steppe admixture:

Age in years	Period/culture	Gedmatch kit	Sample ID
~8635	Neolithic	Z145547	Tep002
~8350	Neolithic	M411713	I1583
~8350	Neolithic	M754279	I0746
~8350	Neolithic	M936428	I0709
~8350	Neolithic	M897077	I0707
~5826	Copper Age	M091434	I1584
~5150	Early Bronze	M300627	Kum4

 

[Tomenable]

I tested those ancient Anatolian samples with this calculator:

GedrosiaDNA - Eurasia K14 Neolithic:

https://s17.postimg.org/vsy61q40f/Steppe_Migration_Anatolia.png

Kum4 = Kumtepe B period: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumtepe

Around 3700 BC [~5700 years ago] new settlers came to Kumtepe. The people of this new culture, Kumtepe B, built relatively large houses with multiple rooms, sometimes a porch. They also practiced animal husbandry and agriculture. The main domestic animals were goats and sheep, bred not only for meat but for milk and wool as well. They knew lead and bronze along with copper. Shortly after 3000 BC Yassıtepe and Hisarlık (Troy) were colonized probably from Kumtepe.

Edit:

One Neolithic sample - I0746 - actually scored 2,5% Yamnaya-Afanasievo, but I added it to "other".

All the remaining four Neolithic samples scored zero (-) of Yamnaya-Afanasievo, exactly as expected.

 

[LeBrok]

I tested those ancient Anatolian samples with this calculator:

GedrosiaDNA - Eurasia K14 Neolithic:

https://s17.postimg.org/vsy61q40f/Steppe_Migration_Anatolia.png

Kum4 = Kumtepe B period: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumtepe



Edit:

One Neolithic sample - I0746 - actually scored 2,5% Yamnaya-Afanasievo, but I added it to "other".

All the remaining four Neolithic samples scored zero (-) of Yamnaya-Afanasievo, exactly as expected.

That's what I was getting from Harappa Armenian runs. Sharp increase of Steppe NE European admixture in Armenia and Anatolia since Bronze Age. Yamnaya expansion? Here we can see even earlier encroachment almost 4000 BC! Well, at least in Western Turkey. Kind of bizarre. Perhaps by way of sea?
Kumtepe is also incredible. No SW Asian?

 

[Tomenable]

Kumtepe is also incredible. No SW Asian?

David W. Anthony wrote that Proto-Anatolian speakers came from the Steppe to the Balkans ca. 4200-4000 BC. Those who came to Kumtepe ca. 3700 BC were the same wave of IE migrants who had settled in the Balkans before. This explains why Kum4 had no any SW Asian admixture*, but only Steppe and Neolithic EEF - they mixed with farmers in the Balkans, then moved to Anatolia.

Yamnaya admixture in Areni-1 is harder to explain, but they didn't have as much of it as Kumtepe B.

====================

*SW Asian = more or less Levantine.

 

[LeBrok]

David W. Anthony wrote that Proto-Anatolian speakers came from the Steppe to the Balkans ca. 4200-4000 BC. Those who came to Kumtepe ca. 3700 BC were the same wave of IE migrants who had settled in the Balkans before. This explains why Kum4 had no any SW Asian admixture*, but only Steppe and Neolithic EEF - they mixed with farmers in the Balkans, then moved to Anatolia.

Yamnaya admixture in Areni-1 is harder to explain, but they didn't have as much of it as Kumtepe B.

====================

*SW Asian = more or less Levantine.

How would Yamnaya person look in K14?

 

[LeBrok]

These are Harappa runs of Copper and Bronze age Iberians, first two rows. I have found their best match, comparing tens of other genomes, to be Neolithic European Farmers in general, but not exactly. All farmers are high in Mediterranean admixture. Notably, CA Iberian has the highest ever at 63%! The elevated NE admixture of CA Iberian is from WHG, and is higher than in Hungarian Copper Age (next column). I think it is typical for Iberian Neolithic. I wish Gedmatch had Early Neolithic sample from Iberia to confirm.

Now, Iberian Bronze Age (ATP9) has lower Med admixture, and elevated NE Euro and Caucasus. This points to more WHG/EHG admixture. Obviously the CA Iberians mixed with other population to become BA Iberians. Who could have been the source of these changes? I'm presenting two more rans, Bronze Age Hungarian and Unetice Culture samples, in Harappa runs. Seems like BR1 Hungarian is much better fit for Bronze Age invaders into Iberia. It has very low Baloch, which can easily vanish ones it gets to Iberia, unlike Unetice Baloch admixture which is at 12%.
Baloch is similar to Gedrosia and always existed in Iran, Caucasus and Steppe HGs populations.

I suspect that Hungarian Bronze could have come from West Yanaya or North Cucuteni or from mix of West Yamnaya and Cucuteni, which theoretically should have had lower Baloch, being farther away from Steppe.

CA Iberia, ATP2, M849224	BA Iberian, ATP9, M116706			CO1 Hungary			BR1 Hungary			Unetice I0116, M425717
Population			Population			Population			Population			Population
S-Indian	-		S-Indian	-		S-Indian	-		S-Indian	-		S-Indian	-
Baloch	-		Baloch	-		Baloch	-		Baloch	3.15		Baloch	12.21
Caucasian	4.19		Caucasian	7.33		Caucasian	19.26		Caucasian	14.73		Caucasian	2.27
NE-Euro	24.19		NE-Euro	36.77		NE-Euro	16.74		NE-Euro	46.18		NE-Euro	58.33
SE-Asian	0.23		SE-Asian	-		SE-Asian	-		SE-Asian	0.2		SE-Asian	-
Siberian	-		Siberian	-		Siberian	-		Siberian	-		Siberian	-
NE-Asian	-		NE-Asian	-		NE-Asian	-		NE-Asian	-		NE-Asian	-
Papuan	0.23		Papuan	-		Papuan	-		Papuan	0.18		Papuan	-
American	-		American	-		American	-		American	-		American	0.88
Beringian	-		Beringian	-		Beringian	-		Beringian	-		Beringian	-
Mediterranean	63.33		Mediterranean	55.74		Mediterranean	55.37		Mediterranean	31.73		Mediterranean	26.25
SW-Asian	5.14		SW-Asian	-		SW-Asian	8.52		SW-Asian	3.33		SW-Asian	-
San	-		San	-		San	-		San	-		San	-
E-African	-		E-African	-		E-African	-		E-African	-		E-African	-
Pygmy	-		Pygmy	-		Pygmy	-		Pygmy	-		Pygmy	0.07
W-African	2.69		W-African	0.15		W-African	0.1		W-African	0.48		W-African	-

Is Bronze Age Hungary a place where R1b developed their bronze weapons and military prowess before moving South and West? Baden Culture?

 

[LeBrok]

BR1 Hungary			IR Hungary			scythian			Srubna culture, 3.5kya
Population			Population			Population			Population
S-Indian	-		S-Indian	-		S-Indian	0.67		S-Indian	-
Baloch	3.15		Baloch	14.83		Baloch	24.99		Baloch	19.64
Caucasian	14.73		Caucasian	15.12		Caucasian	7.68		Caucasian	6
NE-Euro	46.18		NE-Euro	43.91		NE-Euro	45.27		NE-Euro	56.05
SE-Asian	0.2		SE-Asian	-		SE-Asian	0.83		SE-Asian	0.09
Siberian	-		Siberian	2.97		Siberian	6.39		Siberian	0.66
NE-Asian	-		NE-Asian	-		NE-Asian	1.31		NE-Asian	-
Papuan	0.18		Papuan	-		Papuan	-		Papuan	-
American	-		American	2.03		American	2.85		American	0.2
Beringian	-		Beringian	-		Beringian	1.4		Beringian	0.15
Mediterranean	31.73		Mediterranean	21.14		Mediterranean	8.62		Mediterranean	16.91
SW-Asian	3.33		SW-Asian	-		SW-Asian	-		SW-Asian	-
San	-		San	-		San	-		San	-
E-African	-		E-African	-		E-African	-		E-African	-
Pygmy	-		Pygmy	-		Pygmy	-		Pygmy	-
W-African	0.48		W-African	-		W-African	-		W-African	0.29

Looks like Iron Age Hungarian is a cross of about 50% Bronze Age Hungarian and 50% Scythian, the Steppe new invader. Interestingly there seems to be a connection of IR Hungarian and Srubna Culture, though not directly as Srubna is many centuries older than IR Hungary.

 

[Joey D]

My Harappa results:

1	Caucasian	37.71
2	Mediterranean	24.56
3	NE-Euro	15.28
4	SW-Asian	10.94
5	Baloch	8.96
6	Papuan	0.77
7	W-African	0.76
8	E-African	0.5

#	Population (source)	Distance
1	ashkenazy-jew (behar)	5.34
2	ashkenazi (harappa)	6.68
3	sephardic-jew (behar)	9.31
4	morocco-jew (behar)	12.1
5	turk-aydin (hodoglugil)	12.89
6	tuscan (1000genomes)	13.74
7	tuscan (hgdp)	14.33
8	tuscan (hapmap)	14.98
9	cypriot (behar)	15.52
10	turk-istanbul (hodoglugil)	17.03

#		Primary Population (source)	Secondary Population (source)	Distance
1		65.8%	tuscan (1000genomes)	+	34.2%	azerbaijan-jew (behar)	@	1.83
2		65.1%	tuscan (1000genomes)	+	34.9%	georgia-jew (behar)	@	2.07
3		65.8%	tuscan (1000genomes)	+	34.2%	assyrian (harappa)	@	2.13
4		63.6%	tuscan (1000genomes)	+	36.4%	lebanese-druze (haber)	@	2.48
5		66.2%	tuscan (1000genomes)	+	33.8%	armenian (yunusbayev)	@	2.55
6		71%	cypriot (behar)	+	29%	french (hgdp)	@	2.56
7		53.4%	italian (hgdp)	+	46.6%	azerbaijan-jew (behar)	@	2.6
8		52.6%	italian (hgdp)	+	47.4%	georgia-jew (behar)	@	2.78
9		67.1%	tuscan (1000genomes)	+	32.9%	iranian-jew (behar)	@	2.8
10		61.7%	tuscan (hapmap)	+	38.3%	lebanese-christian (haber)	@	2.99

[FONT=&quot]Using 4 populations approximation:[/FONT]
[FONT=&quot]1 armenian + sephardic-jew + tuscan + tuscan @ 1.035586[/FONT]
[FONT=&quot]2 armenian + sephardic-jew + tuscan + tuscan @ 1.038698[/FONT]
[FONT=&quot]3 armenian + sephardic-jew + tuscan + tuscan @ 1.058087[/FONT]
[FONT=&quot]4 armenian + sephardic-jew + tuscan + tuscan @ 1.093112[/FONT]
[FONT=&quot]5 armenian + sephardic-jew + tuscan + tuscan @ 1.115652[/FONT]
[FONT=&quot]6 armenian + sephardic-jew + tuscan + tuscan @ 1.121329[/FONT]
[FONT=&quot]7 armenian + sephardic-jew + tuscan + tuscan @ 1.160678[/FONT]
[FONT=&quot]8 armenian + sephardic-jew + tuscan + tuscan @ 1.188504[/FONT]
[FONT=&quot]9 armenian + sephardic-jew + tuscan + tuscan @ 1.190425[/FONT]
[FONT=&quot]10 armenian + sephardic-jew + tuscan + tuscan @ 1.206224[/FONT]

 

[Pax Augusta]

My Harappa results:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 65.8% tuscan (1000genomes) + 34.2% azerbaijan-jew (behar) @ 1.83
2 65.1% tuscan (1000genomes) + 34.9% georgia-jew (behar) @ 2.07
3 65.8% tuscan (1000genomes) + 34.2% assyrian (harappa) @ 2.13
4 63.6% tuscan (1000genomes) + 36.4% lebanese-druze (haber) @ 2.48
5 66.2% tuscan (1000genomes) + 33.8% armenian (yunusbayev) @ 2.55
6 71% cypriot (behar) + 29% french (hgdp) @ 2.56
7 53.4% italian (hgdp) + 46.6% azerbaijan-jew (behar) @ 2.6
8 52.6% italian (hgdp) + 47.4% georgia-jew (behar) @ 2.78
9 67.1% tuscan (1000genomes) + 32.9% iranian-jew (behar) @ 2.8
10 61.7% tuscan (hapmap) + 38.3% lebanese-christian (haber) @ 2.99

Which part of East Sicily? Italian HGDP is North Italian from Bergamo on Harappa.

 

[Joey D]

Which part of East Sicily? Italian HGDP is North Italian from Bergamo on Harappa.

Four generations, that I am aware of, all from that area immediately east of Parco dell'Etna, from Acireale in the South to Fiumefreddo in the North (close to the border of Provincia di Messina).

 

[LeBrok]

My Harappa results:

1	Caucasian	37.71
2	Mediterranean	24.56
3	NE-Euro	15.28
4	SW-Asian	10.94
5	Baloch	8.96
6	Papuan	0.77
7	W-African	0.76
8	E-African	0.5

Very storn Caucasian admixture. Strong like in Northern Part or Near East. I wonder if all Sicily is like this?

 

[Joey D]

Very storn Caucasian admixture. Strong like in Northern Part or Near East. I wonder if all Sicily is like this?

I don't know, but on other forums, like on GEDMatch, my results look typically Sicilian.

I'm really curious to find out more - one reason why I'm here - there's a piece of the jigsaw puzzle that I'm just not quite getting my head around - either these high Caucasus readings are going back to Neolithic migrations, and/or are also carried by the earliest Greek migrations...or they are a hint on the origins of the Sicels - or we are talking about the same thing - that all these groups are actually closely related, and the differences are temporal (which is interesting in its own right).

 

[LeBrok]

I don't know, but on other forums, like on GEDMatch, my results look typically Sicilian.

I'm really curious to find out more - one reason why I'm here - there's a piece of the jigsaw puzzle that I'm just not quite getting my head around - either these high Caucasus readings are going back to Neolithic migrations, and/or are also carried by the earliest Greek migrations...or they are a hint on the origins of the Sicels - or we are talking about the same thing - that all these groups are actually closely related, and the differences are temporal (which is interesting in its own right).

Caucasian admixture might as well be normal for Sicily, though it is a bit higher what Neolithic EEF brought to Europe, and invasions of IEs and Northern Europeans would lower it further. In this case there must have been substantial migration from Anatolia or Costal Near East to Sicily since Bronze Age to increase Caucasian admixture. Possibly few events including Greeks, Phoenicians, Jews, etc

Do someone from Eupedia members know where we can find Harappa runs for European countries?

 

[Joey D]

The previous page has a map showing what I assume to be the Harappa plots, and unsurprisingly, Sicily, Malta and Ashkenazi plot very close together.

The closest ancient plot is Chalcolithic Anatolia, which makes some sense.

Then there is this interesting post from MarkoZ on the same page:

"Mariya Ivanova in her study of the pre-historic cultures around the Black Sea stresses that the technology from the Chalcolithic onward tended to spread across what she calls the 'Royal Road' - a corridor connecting the Near Eastern highlands, Anatolia and the Balkans, terminating in the Carpathian Basin. The grasslands north of the Caucasus on the other hand weren't very well suited to the spread of innovation due to their low effective population density and the lack of discernible social organization, the Royal Road thus being the most immediate vector for the dispersal of technology into Europe.

My hypothesis that there was a separate migration emanating out of the Taurus-Zagros range or the surrounding areas (which comprises most hotbeds of human innovation from the Chalcolithic until historic times) into south-eastern Europe, causing the somewhat elevated affinity to the Iran-Caucasus populations found in the Balkans, the Aegean and parts of Italy today. Indeed, the sudden appearances of the various deliberately produced bronze alloys in the European Mediterranean and the hypothetical concomitant migrations could have already had a enough of an impact to cause a substantial shift to the Near East before the onset of the Iron Age. "

 

[New Englander]

# Population Percent
1 Caucasian 27.99
2 Mediterranean 25.86
3 NE-Euro 24.09
4 SW-Asian 10.42
5 Baloch 9.4
6 American 0.64
7 SE-Asian 0.49
8 W-African 0.39
9 Papuan 0.25
10 Beringian 0.24
11 S-Indian 0.23


Single Population Sharing:


# Population (source) Distance
1 tuscan (1000genomes) 7.36
2 tuscan (hgdp) 7.73
3 tuscan (hapmap) 8.33
4 ashkenazi (harappa) 8.52
5 ashkenazy-jew (behar) 10.95
6 bulgarian (yunusbayev) 12.4
7 romanian-a (behar) 12.79
8 italian (hgdp) 14.03
9 sephardic-jew (behar) 17.35
10 morocco-jew (behar) 17.79
11 turk-aydin (hodoglugil) 18.63
12 romanian-b (behar) 24.65
13 spaniard (behar) 24.67
14 turk-istanbul (hodoglugil) 25.19
15 spaniard (1000genomes) 25.5
16 turk-kayseri (hodoglugil) 26.07
17 french (hgdp) 26.43
18 hungarian (behar) 26.61
19 cypriot (behar) 26.69
20 turk (behar) 27.29


Mixed Mode Population Sharing:


# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 56.2% french (hgdp) + 43.8% lebanese-druze (haber) @ 1.61
2 56.2% french (hgdp) + 43.8% lebanese-christian (haber) @ 1.67
3 56.7% cypriot (behar) + 43.3% british (1000genomes) @ 1.87
4 58.4% cypriot (behar) + 41.6% orcadian (hgdp) @ 1.96
5 77.7% ashkenazy-jew (behar) + 22.3% orcadian (hgdp) @ 2.26
6 76.5% ashkenazy-jew (behar) + 23.5% british (1000genomes) @ 2.32
7 55.6% cypriot (behar) + 44.4% utahn-white (1000genomes) @ 2.33
8 75.7% ashkenazy-jew (behar) + 24.3% utahn-white (1000genomes) @ 2.33
9 75.9% ashkenazy-jew (behar) + 24.1% n-european (xing) @ 2.65
10 50.2% french (hgdp) + 49.8% cypriot (behar) @ 2.65
11 54.1% french (hgdp) + 45.9% lebanese-muslim (haber) @ 2.83
12 57.1% french (hgdp) + 42.9% georgia-jew (behar) @ 2.96
13 71.4% ashkenazy-jew (behar) + 28.6% french (hgdp) @ 3.08
14 59.5% french (hgdp) + 40.5% druze (hgdp) @ 3.09
15 82.4% ashkenazi (harappa) + 17.6% orcadian (hgdp) @ 3.11
16 81.4% ashkenazi (harappa) + 18.6% british (1000genomes) @ 3.16
17 60.8% sephardic-jew (behar) + 39.2% hungarian (behar) @ 3.19
18 80.9% ashkenazi (harappa) + 19.1% utahn-white (1000genomes) @ 3.3
19 77% ashkenazi (harappa) + 23% french (hgdp) @ 3.38
20 58.6% romanian-a (behar) + 41.4% morocco-jew (behar) @ 3.41

Using 3 populations approximation:
1 50% french +25% georgia-jew +25% sephardic-jew @ 1.555397




Using 4 populations approximation:
1 ashkenazy-jew + british + georgia-jew + italian @ 0.868904
2 basque + cypriot + iraq-jew + ukranian @ 0.960263
3 ashkenazy-jew + georgia-jew + italian + utahn-white @ 1.020719
4 cypriot + iraq-jew + spain-basc + ukranian @ 1.072419
5 basque + cypriot + iranian-jew + ukranian @ 1.098566
6 ashkenazy-jew + assyrian + hungarian + spaniard @ 1.110787
7 ashkenazy-jew + azerbaijan-jew + hungarian + spaniard @ 1.119947
8 ashkenazy-jew + iraq-jew + italian + utahn-white @ 1.132655
9 georgia-jew + italian + orcadian + sephardic-jew @ 1.140920
10 ashkenazy-jew + georgia-jew + hungarian + spaniard @ 1.151600
11 ashkenazi + iraq-jew + italian + utahn-white @ 1.186620
12 iraq-jew + tuscan + tuscan + utahn-white @ 1.206571
13 british + cypriot + french + lebanese-christian @ 1.240409
14 ashkenazi + french + italian + uzbekistan-jew @ 1.245210
15 iranian-jew + serbian + spaniard + tuscan @ 1.246615
16 ashkenazy-jew + georgia-jew + hungarian + spaniard @ 1.286285
17 iraq-jew + serbian + spaniard + tuscan @ 1.287919
18 ashkenazi + iranian-jew + italian + utahn-white @ 1.292424
19 basque + cypriot + georgia-jew + ukranian @ 1.302049
20 iraq-jew + serbian + spaniard + tuscan @ 1.311692

 

[LeBrok]

Did someone see Harappa admixture table done per European countries?

 

[LeBrok]

Where can I find a recent Gedmatch list with descriptions and numbers of ancient samples, please? Any new ancient samples added?

 

[Joey D]

Modern population:

Just wanted to get this map up again from the previous page, has anyone here ever discussed why Sicilian, Maltese and Ashkenazi plot so close together?

On this map, Sicilians are plotting closer to Ashkenazi than Greek (Sicilian mid-way between Greek and Turkish Jew).

Why do they plot so closely together?

 

[LeBrok]

Just wanted to get this map up again from the previous page, has anyone here ever discussed why Sicilian, Maltese and Ashkenazi plot so close together?

On this map, Sicilians are plotting closer to Ashkenazi than Greek (Sicilian mid-way between Greek and Turkish Jew).

Why do they plot so closely together?

Without getting into detail (which I might not know, lol) they both have similar source populations, like Levant Neolithic, EEF, some ANE to start with, plus Ashkenazy "formulated" some of their genome in Southern Europe, probably during Roman Empire. With all of this they should fit closer to Turkish Jews, to the right of their current position. However, because they had spent some time in Eastern Europe they got a bit of their genetics and this pulled them more to the left towards Ukraine and Belarus, placing them accidently where Sicilians are.
Populations don't need to be 100% identical to plot in the same place, sometimes it is accidental. We know that Spanish or Sardinians are not exactly EEF, but they plot like they were.