modern gaelic(s) and possible cognates or loanwords (play)

[MOESAN]

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mac	son (mab, mab, mab)
madainn	morning (mintin, matin)
magh	area (maes, maes)
mallaicht	to curse, to accurse (mallozh, melltith)
maol	obtus (moal, moel)
maor	steward (maer, maer, mayor, maire...?)
marbh	dead (marw, marw, mort, muerte, murder, mord, mrd-...)
marc (Alban)	horse (marc'h, march, maréchal, marshall, mare)
marcadh	market (marc'had, marchnad, markt, marché, mercato)
marcaich, marcaigh	rider (marc'heg, marchog)
math, maith	good (mad, mad, mas)
mathair	mother (moereb, modreb, madre, mère, mãe, matra, matka, majka, moeder, mutter, mor)
meadhràn	vertigo (mezw, meddw?)
mealladh	to hoax? (mell, -?, mêler???)
mealltach	sweet in manner (mild?)
meamhlach	mew (cat) (miaoual/miañwal, mewian, miauler)
meàn, meadhan	middle, mean (moaien(t), mewn,moyen, mitan...)
meanàn	young of goat, kid (menn, myn)
meilim	to grind (malañ, malu, moudre, moulin, molino...)
meisce (ar meisce)	drunk (mesk, mysg, mix-er?)
méith	fruit mellow (? - medd, meddal, moelle, medula >> med-, medved)
mian	desire (?, mwyn + mennoud, mynnu?)
mil, meala	honey (mel, mel? - miel)
milis	sweet (milis, melys <> melissa, miel)
mînîn	to explain (mind?, meenen?, mens...)
mîochaine	medecine (medissin/mezeg, meddyg, mire, metge...)
mîol	beast (mil, mil)
mios	month (mis, mis, mois, mes, mens-)
mocht	? (meizh, mwyth)
modh	mean(s), method (mod, modd, mode)
mol	hub of wheel
molaim	to praise, to laud (meuliñ, moli)
monadh (Alban)	hill (menez, mynydd << monid, mont, mont-)
môr	grand (meur, mawr, more, meer, mehr, mare 2, macro-, magn-?)
môr-roinn	continent (mor + rann, môr + rhan)
muc	swine (moc'h, moch)
muir	sea (mor, môr, mer, mar, mare, meer)
mùr	wall (mur, mur >> muro, muur, mauer)
murascaill	gulf (mor + askell, môr + asgell)

[TD="width: 208"] ma
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[TD="width: 595"] -va (maes <> magh) [/TD]

 

[MOESAN]

ouf! a possibility to keep on without loose place! thanks

nasc	tie (nask)
nascaim	to tether (naskañ, « nâchër » dialectal french of Brittany)
nathrair	snake (naer, neidr, natr-)
nead	nest (neizh, nyth, nid, nicher)
nèamh	paradise (neñv, nef + neved, nemeton)
neart	strenght (nerzh, nerth)
neartmhar	strong (nerzh + mor/mar, nerth)
néata	tidy (net << net?)
neulach (Alban)	cloud (niwl, niwl, nuée, nebul-)
nocht	bare, naked, nude (noazh, noeth)
noin	noon (midday) (naon? - newyn? "hunger")
nollaig, nodhlaig	yule (nedeleg, nadolig, noël, nadal, natal)
obair	action ((g)ober, (g)ober, oeuvre, opera)
ôg	young (yaouank, ieuanc/ifanc, jeune, joven, jong, jung, ung)
oighear	Ice (-, oer?)
ôl	to drink (ale, öl)
ola	oil (eoul, huile, olea...)
olai	wave (houlenn, houle)
olann, folann	wool (gwlan, gwlan, laine, lana, wolle …)
ôr	gold (aour/eur, eur, or, oro, auro)
ôraid	speech (os, oris >> orator- oreille "ear" )
ordôg	thumb (gorzh? gordd)
peaca	sin (pec'hed, pechod, péché, pecado, peccato)
pian	pain (poan, poen, peine, pijn)
plàmàs	to wheedle (« cajoler ») (plamoustriñ)
pobal	nation (pobl, pobl, peuple, popul-, pueblo <?> folk, volk?)
poit	pot (pod, pot, pot)
port	port, harbour (porzh, porth << port, porto, puerto >> ford, voord, fürth+? firth, fjord?)
pôsaim	to wed (épouser, sposa-)
priomh-	prime- (first) (? - pryf, prim-, prime)
ràmh	roar (roeñv + rañv?, rhwyf)
ràmhainn	spade (rañv + roeñv, rhwyf?)
reacht	statute (reizh, rheith, rect, direct, droit, recht, right...)
réidh	leisured (? - rhydd)
rialaîm	to govern (reoliañ, rheoli, régler, réguler, to rule)
rîoghail	royal (ri-?)
rith	to run (red-eg, rhed-eg)
roimh	kent (-? pryf, prime, premier)
roinn (Alban)	to parcel (rann, rhan)
ron	seal (reun/ran, rhawn)
roth	wheel (rod, rhod, roue, roda, rota)

[TD="width: 208"] naomh [/TD]
[TD="width: 595"] holy (neñv, neved, nef <> nem(eton) "temple")
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[MOESAN]

next:

sabhaill (Alban?)
sac	pack (sac'h, sach, sac, sacco, sack...)
sagairt, sagart	preast (sacerd-oce)
saighd	arrow (saezh-, saeth-)
saighead	arrow (saezh, saeth, sagitt-)
sàil	heel (seul, sawdl?)
sail	beam (heol, haul?)
saileach	willow (haleg, helyg, saule)
sailte	salted (sall, salé, sal, sel)
saith	sufficient (c'hoazh, ychwaith ?)
salann	salt (halen, holen, halen, sel, sal, zout, salt, sil?...)
samhail	likeness (heñvel/hañval, hafal, semblable, simil-, same, zame...)
samhail	model (heñvel/hañval, hafal, semblable, simili, same, to seam, zame …)
samhradh	summer (hañv, haf, semer)
sanas	advertissement (gw.- saniñ grik)
sannt (Alban)	desire (c'hoant, chwant)
santaim (mianaim)	to desire (c'hoantaad, chwanta>>chwannog)
saor	wright (saver? - saer)
saothraim	to cultivate land (had-, had- ?)
sasunn	england (bro-saos <> sais)
scàil	shadow, shade, darkness, obscurity (ysgod, skeud ?)
scair	share (skar, fr. escare?)
scairbh 1	shallow (sea, lake, river) (br- skorv?)
scamall 1	cloud (cwmwl, koumoul, cumul, comble ?)
scamhain	to whittle (diminish?) (skañvaad, ysgafnhàu)
scanradh	terror (spont ? Skond?)
scar, scaradh	to part, to separate ( ? share)
scàth	shadow (skeud, cysgod, shade, schaduw)
sceall 1	shell (skull, skaal?)
sceall 2	shale, flake, chip, thin slice (br- skolp ?, scalp?)
scealpôg	chip (skolp-enn)
scian, sgian	knife, stab (skej, skizh?)
sciath	shield (skoed, écu, escudo)
scoilt	split
scolb, scealp	splinter (skolp)
scread	to cry (kriañ, crio, crier, critare >> gritare, gridar + to shreek, schreken, skrika?)
scuabaim (<< scuab)	to sweep (skubañ, ysgubo <> escoba, scopa)
seabhac	Falcon (-? hebog)
seachdainn	week (sizhun "seven sleepings" # wythnos ("eight nights"!)
sealg	to hunt (-?, hela << *helgh)
seall	to observe (sell, syllu)
sean	old, ancien (hen-, hyn, sénile)
searbh	acid, acerb (c'hwerw, chwerw, sur, sur, zuur?)
seasc, seasg	sterile (hesk, hesp, hysb)
seinn	noise (son, sôn/swn, son)
seirc	kindness, attention (serc'h, serch)
seirmeil (Alban)	in a business-like manner (br- gwened.: sermoul ?)
seol	feast? (gouel <?> hwyl)
seoladair	sailor (sail, zegel, segla?)
seolaim	to drive (-?, heol?, sail, zegel, segla?)
sgamhan	longe (skevent, ysgyfent)
sgar (Alban) see scair	to separate by force, to disjoin (-?, ysgar)
sgarbh (Alban)	cormorant, (scot: 'scart') (skrev/skravig, -?)
sgian	knife (skizh/skej)
sgiobal	barn (skuber, ysgubor)
sgit (Alban)	little excrement (shit, schit, scheiss, skit...)
sglàmh	to eat voraciously, ti glut (skl-? , skoul, sklouf, sklokal???)
sgoch (Alban?)	to gash, to make an incision (skizh/skej, incision, scissure?)
sine	elder (hen, hen, sénile, sen-)
sîon	wheather (hin, hin)
sîonra	climate (hinad; hinsawdd)
sîoth, sith	peace (-?, hedd <?< séd-atif)
slat	yard (measure) + cane (? - llathen)
slis >> sliscog	chip (skliss-enn, ysglisen, éclisse, slice)
smaoineamh	to meditate (meno? - meindio? - to mean, to mind, meenen, mene, mena, mens- ? Mental)
sméar	berry (mouar/mouiar, mwyar, mûre)
snâithaid	needle (nadoez, nodwydd)
snàmhai	to swim (neuñvial, nofio <> nau-, nav-, navire, nef, nautique, Neptune-)
snuadh	visage, hue, colour of the face (neuz/neu, naws?)
so-	-able (he-, hy-)
soc	animal nose (riffle?) (hoc'h/soc'h, hwch +??? soc, sow, soue, swine, zwijn, schwein, svin, svinja)
solas	light (n.) (heol, haul)
sprid, spiorad	spirit (spered, isprid, ysbryd
sràid	street (straed, ystryd, straat, strasse, strada, estrade)
srath	plain (strad, ystrad, strada, straat, strasse...)
sreang	string
srôn	nose (fronn, ffroen + fri)
sruth	water-course (froud, ffrwd)
stad	halt (stad, statique, état, stare, estar, to stand)
stad	stay (stad, statique .........)
stiùir	steer (ystru, stur, stuur)
sùim	to suck (sugañ, chugoniñ, sugno, sucer)
sùmhar	succulent (sug + mor/mar = heñvel (suck+similar)?)

[TD="width: 595"] to rescue? (saveteiñ, safe ?) [/TD]

 

[MOESAN]

tàbla	table (taol << table, tabula)
tanai	shallow (tanaw/tenaù, tenau, ténu, thin, din...)
tant	string (tant, tant)
taobh	side (tu, tu)
taoide	tide (tijd, zeit, tide, tida)
tarbh	bull (tarw, tarw, taureau, toro, dier)
teach	home (ti, ty, ty<< tig, <> toit, teg-ument, tuile, tegula, ziegel...)
teampall	temple
teanga	tongue (tong, zong...)
teann	tight (tenn, tyn, tens-, tendre)
tine	fire (tan, tân, tan)
tinneas	ache, pain (tenn?, tyn? tend-?, tens-?)
tiomânai	driver (timon-ier?)
tiompàn	drum (tympan)
tîr	country (tir, tir, terre, tierra, terra)
tiubh	thick (tew, tyw)
toll	hollow (toull, twll)
tonn	wave (tonn, ton)
torc	wild boar (tourc'h, twrch)
tôrr	hillock (tor, tor)
trà	strand (traezh, traeth)
trachtas	tract (treizh? trait, trajet, traject-?)
traibh	low tide (tre, trai)
trasnàn	diagonal (treus, tros/traws, trans, through, door...)
tràthnona	evening (tronos, trannoedd?)
treibh	clan (trev, tref, « trève », tribu)
tri, trid	through (dre, trwydd, drwydd)
troigh, troidh	foot (troad, troed, trôs)
trom	weighty, heavy (trumm? - trwm/trom)
truas	clemency (truez, truedd, truand?)
tuàth	country (tud, tud)
tuî	thatch (toen, to)
tuirne	spinning-wheel (<<torn, turn)
tur	dry (torr-éfié?)
tùr	tower (tour, twr, tour, torre, torn-)
ubh, ugh	egg (wi, wy, ei, ei, oeuf, ovo, huevo, ovce, ov-...)
ucht	bossom (poitr-ine, pect- ?)
uile	all (holl/oll, holl/oll, al)
uillinn	elbow, angle (ilin/elin, elin + el-bow, el-bog?)
uisce	water (visc- ?)
ùll, ubhall	apple (aval, afall, appel, apfel? - jabalka...)
ùmhal	obediant (uvel, uful, humble, humil-...)

[TD="width: 208"] OUF! FINISHED

tàbhairne
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[TD="width: 595"] tavern (tavarn, tafarn, taberna) [/TD]

 

[mihaitzateo]

Just from curiosity:
The usual name used by common people in Romania for Transylvania is Ardeal .
Now this area is mostly a hilly region.
Considering that are enough celtic artefacts found by archeological diggings there and were now found more,when building Transylvania highway,do anyone think that the name could be of Celtic origin?
I mean Ard-eal - people who know Celtic/Gaulish maybe can find a meaning to this name,linked to hills.

 

[MOESAN]

Just from curiosity:
The usual name used by common people in Romania for Transylvania is Ardeal .
Now this area is mostly a hilly region.
Considering that are enough celtic artefacts found by archeological diggings there and were now found more,when building Transylvania highway,do anyone think that the name could be of Celtic origin?
I mean Ard-eal - people who know Celtic/Gaulish maybe can find a meaning to this name,linked to hills.

I don't know - but even if romanian is a phonetically conservative enough language (not for all sounds) I think we need ancient forms of the toponymes before we shall make hypothesis - I recall two towns: one in Brittany, the other in Italy, with the same form Arzano but of two different origins I think - the breton form is An Arzhanoù (<< arth-nou) - yet the pronounciation is not the same (either taking french or breton in account) -
I have some experience in toponymes and anthroponymes and nevertheless I did some kolossale mistakes by ignoring the law of ancient forms!
that said I found very funny seeing the words tat = tad (father) and mare = meur/mawr (great) in romanian (surely I-E cognates)

 

[mihaitzateo]

I find another weird cognate,this time between Old French and Old Romanian:
army - Old French - ost - Romanian (is old Romanian,actually but still used sometimes in modern Romanian) oaste.
In both today Romanian and French,the word for army is some recent borrowing,no idea exactly from what language:
armata in Romanian,armee in French.(armata is very new in Romanian,was introduced about 1950,or so).
Can this be attributed to some common Galic root?

 

[MOESAN]

I find another weird cognate,this time between Old French and Old Romanian:
army - Old French - ost - Romanian (is old Romanian,actually but still used sometimes in modern Romanian) oaste.
In both today Romanian and French,the word for army is some recent borrowing,no idea exactly from what language:
armata in Romanian,armee in French.(armata is very new in Romanian,was introduced about 1950,or so).
Can this be attributed to some common Galic root?

No link with celtic:
ost is from hostis (latine) "enemy" >> "enemy army" >> "army" ! look at hostile, hostilité

 

[Diurpaneus]

Romanian zmeura(or smeura)- raspberry
Irish smeara -berry
Irish smear -blackberry

 

[MOESAN]

Romanian zmeura(or smeura)- raspberry
Irish smeara -berry
Irish smear -blackberry

Interesting, I have not ready explanation: the common origin seems here evident enough - an I-E cognate or a more recent common sharing? (Celts) - I don't know...
greek has moron, Lat- morum (fr- mûre), Sp-, Ital- mora for "blackberry" or "mulberry" - the placing of a S- before words seems very common among I-E languages so...
I find that very surprising, but yes, perhaps have we here a good example of a celtic word conserved in romanian?
or a southern word (I-E or not by origin?) passed in other I-E languages of Europe, more recently??? Taranis could help us here...

 

[mihaitzateo]

Interesting, I have not ready explanation: the common origin seems here evident enough - an I-E cognate or a more recent common sharing? (Celts) - I don't know...
greek has moron, Lat- morum (fr- mûre), Sp-, Ital- mora for "blackberry" or "mulberry" - the placing of a S- before words seems very common among I-E languages so...
I find that very surprising, but yes, perhaps have we here a good example of a celtic word conserved in romanian?
or a southern word (I-E or not by origin?) passed in other I-E languages of Europe, more recently??? Taranis could help us here...

Romanian has mure for blackberry why is so closed,almost identical to french word?
It is a word that is very old,in Romanian,so it was not borrowed from French.

 

[mihaitzateo]

Welsh : bran - raven
Serbian - vrana - crow
vran - raven
Also bran in Welsh meaning defender in Romania we have Bran village and Bran castle,which role was to defend Transylvania from Ottoman Empire.
Because as you are crossing mountains from South Romania/Wallachia to Transylvania,there is a mountain pass that starts at Campulung and gets out of mountains,in Transylvania,at Bran.
So Turks could have attacked Transylvania by there.

 

[MOESAN]

here some ideas, but I am sure of nothing:

Slavics: Rus: vóron : «raven» / Csech: vrán : «crow», «rook» + bilá vrán : «white blackbird» (!) + vrabec : «sparrow» / Pol: wrona : «crow», «rook» + wróbel : «sparrow» / Bulg : vrana : «crow», «rook» >< garvan : «raven» + vrabče : «sparrow» / SrbCr : vrana : «crow», «rook» + vrabac : «sparrow» -



celtics have: Gael : bran : «raven» / Britt : brân : «raven» -
a very hypothetic bet would be a common origin for slavic and celtic languages here – as we know celtic languages don't accept spirant consonnants at the beginnings of words and that they transform sometimes in construction the /B/ into a /V/ at the beginning of words, we could imagine they loaned a non-celtic word in °°vran- at some stage of their story (scholars think 'bran' is not an I-Ean root, so non-celtic, rather a substrata word): by the fact, bran in celtic is treated as a feminine word and undergoes the lenitive mutation at the singular after determinant article: bran, y frân, ar vran -
we know some loaned words as french «vélo-cipède» (masculine) >> breton belo, ar velo (feminine!) - french «vautour» masculine (<< Lat *vultur-is) >> breton bultur/burtul, ar vultur/ar vurtul feminine ! This transformation occurs upon words in /V-/, no more pronounced in /W-/, otherwise they turn into words in F- (Gael-) or Gw- (Britt-) - a tiny possibility here for a pre-I-Ean word of the whole Europe ?!? I nevertheless remain cautious ...
I think the slavic root *Vr- >> **Vr-n- (and perhaps **Vr-b- ???) concerns this whole family of noisy and unpleasant birds – but the ancient pronouciation could have been: /Wr-/ and not immediatly /Vr-/ -


the Germ-Engl- raven comes from a *hraban : German rabe, Dutch raaf, sometime *Hramn-/Hrafn in old scandinavic names – is would come from I-E k°r-/Kor- concept of «shout», «cry» (see: Greek krazô «to shout» / korax «raven» - Sskrt króçati «to shout» - Lat corvus «raven» + creparer «to creak» >> crepitare, French crever /
&: by the way, french cri/crier (>>cry) comes from Lat quiritare «to call the citizens» !!!

the slavic words in Bran have nothing to do neither with the celtic "crow" "raven" concept nor with the slavic others words in Vran, for I think!

 

[mihaitzateo]

here some ideas, but I am sure of nothing:

Slavics: Rus: vóron : «raven» / Csech: vrán : «crow», «rook» + bilá vrán : «white blackbird» (!) + vrabec : «sparrow» / Pol: wrona : «crow», «rook» + wróbel : «sparrow» / Bulg : vrana : «crow», «rook» >< garvan : «raven» + vrabče : «sparrow» / SrbCr : vrana : «crow», «rook» + vrabac : «sparrow» -



celtics have: Gael : bran : «raven» / Britt : brân : «raven» -
a very hypothetic bet would be a common origin for slavic and celtic languages here – as we know celtic languages don't accept spirant consonnants at the beginnings of words and that they transform sometimes in construction the /B/ into a /V/ at the beginning of words, we could imagine they loaned a non-celtic word in °°vran- at some stage of their story (scholars think 'bran' is not an I-Ean root, so non-celtic, rather a substrata word): by the fact, bran in celtic is treated as a feminine word and undergoes the lenitive mutation at the singular after determinant article: bran, y frân, ar vran -
we know some loaned words as french «vélo-cipède» (masculine) >> breton belo, ar velo (feminine!) - french «vautour» masculine (<< Lat *vultur-is) >> breton bultur/burtul, ar vultur/ar vurtul feminine ! This transformation occurs upon words in /V-/, no more pronounced in /W-/, otherwise they turn into words in F- (Gael-) or Gw- (Britt-) - a tiny possibility here for a pre-I-Ean word of the whole Europe ?!? I nevertheless remain cautious ...
I think the slavic root *Vr- >> **Vr-n- (and perhaps **Vr-b- ???) concerns this whole family of noisy and unpleasant birds – but the ancient pronouciation could have been: /Wr-/ and not immediatly /Vr-/ -


the Germ-Engl- raven comes from a *hraban : German rabe, Dutch raaf, sometime *Hramn-/Hrafn in old scandinavic names – is would come from I-E k°r-/Kor- concept of «shout», «cry» (see: Greek krazô «to shout» / korax «raven» - Sskrt króçati «to shout» - Lat corvus «raven» + creparer «to creak» >> crepitare, French crever /
&: by the way, french cri/crier (>>cry) comes from Lat quiritare «to call the citizens» !!!

the slavic words in Bran have nothing to do neither with the celtic "crow" "raven" concept nor with the slavic others words in Vran, for I think!

Romanian frâncioc means some kind of pray bird,closed to crow,as size.
https://www.google.ro/?gws_rd=cr&ei=9LxnU7KMF4rpOZ2mgegF#q=Lanius+excubitor

 

[Sile]

Interesting, I have not ready explanation: the common origin seems here evident enough - an I-E cognate or a more recent common sharing? (Celts) - I don't know...
greek has moron, Lat- morum (fr- mûre), Sp-, Ital- mora for "blackberry" or "mulberry" - the placing of a S- before words seems very common among I-E languages so...
I find that very surprising, but yes, perhaps have we here a good example of a celtic word conserved in romanian?
or a southern word (I-E or not by origin?) passed in other I-E languages of Europe, more recently??? Taranis could help us here...

Mora in Italian came from the venetian word Morea.
but Mora in Venetian means brown colour, while in italian its Morrone.

The penepolesse was named by the venetians as Morea due its abundance of mulberry trees used for silk making. The Ottomans destroyed this industry when they took control of Morea.

 

[MOESAN]

Romanian frâncioc means some kind of pray bird,closed to crow,as size.
https://www.google.ro/?gws_rd=cr&ei=9LxnU7KMF4rpOZ2mgegF#q=Lanius+excubitor

I 'm afraid you think that every kind of evolution can occurs in every language at every stage of evolution, Mihaitzateo:
could you prove us that f- and v- are interchangeable in romanian? I think gaelic initial F- is rarely in link with romanian F- / by the way, bran is bran in gaelic, not °°fran- and when it mutes it becomes Bhran with/v/ not /f/...
I think, without offense you, that you as some others believe that historic phonetic is a cubes game -

 

[FrankN]

Great effort, Moesan!

I have noted several types of relations. First, there are the obvious Latin roots, especially for words related to Christianity (angel, chapter etc.). Of course, many similarities also go back to generic IE vocabulary. Secondly, a number of similarities exist for English, but not for German. This indicates either English directly borrowing from Celtic, e.g. baby, care, doll (from lat. idol?), or via French (Normans). What I find furthermore interesting is that a number of Celtic words appear to be closer to German than to English, which would attest the close prehistoric relation of both groups in Central Europe. I will come up with list of these parallels in a separate post.

First two general observations:
1. The cluster beoir (beer), beol (lip), bracht (sap, brew?), braich (malt) suggests that beer-brewing was rather a Celtic than a Germanic invention. Though I guess it was probably already done in pre-Celtic times (LBK) - applying the concept of "genetic diversity" would point to Bohemia, Bavaria and upper Franconia as the region where Central European beer brewing originated. Interestingly, the distillate is known as whiskey (water) by Celts, vodka by Slavonics, but Korn by Germans, so distilling appears to be a younger (post bronze age) technology.

2. Lighting large fires (braight) on a mountain top (braigh), e.g. the Brocken (Harz), is still a common habit for Walpurgis night (coinciding with Beltane) in Germany. This year, I spent the evening on the Walberla in Upper Franconia - site of a Neolithic hill settlement, and the region's political centre during the Hallstatt period, where Walpurgis night festivities are recorded from the 9th century AD, but probably date back much longer.
/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walpurgis_Night
/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehrenb%C3%BCrg

In any case, Celtic hilltop towns (oppida) live forth in German Berg (mountain)/Burg (castle/city) /Bürger (citizen) and similar Slavonic constructions around Hrad/ Grad/ Gora, with apparent etymological parallels to Celtic braigh . Indian pura suggests an IE root. Interestingly, the concept seems to partly have got lost in Latin/Romanic languages, except for mons /municipium. If ever existing in English, it didn't survive the Norman invasion.

 

[FrankN]

[TABLE="width: 800"]
[TR]
[TD]Here the announced list of Gaelic words with strong parallels to German.

[/TD]
[TD][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Gaelic (Eng. translation)

[/TD]
[TD]German (optional Eng. translation)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]abhain (river)
[/TD]
[TD]Ache, Au (creek, small river)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]ascaill (armpit)
[/TD]
[TD]Achsel
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]beàs (custom)
[/TD]
[TD]Weise (way of doing sth.)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]bith (being)
[/TD]
[TD]Wesen
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]blath (flower)
[/TD]
[TD]Blüte (blossom)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]blonag (fat n.)
[/TD]
[TD]Flomen (pork belly fat)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]bolg (stomach)
[/TD]
[TD]Balg (cleaned animal skin to be used as container, originally in the sense of "bag" or "balloon"); Blase-balg (Eng. bellows)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]bonn (base, bottom)
[/TD]
[TD]Boden
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]bothàn (cabin)
[/TD]
[TD]Bude
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]breac (speckled)
brocach (dirty)
[/TD]
[TD]Fleck (spot), fleckig (spotted, dirty)
[Sommer-]Sprosse (freckle) - two independent German loans?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]breitheamh (judge)
[/TD]
[TD]Richter
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]briosc (fragile)
[/TD]
[TD]brüchig, zer-brech-lich
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]broid (to goad)
[/TD]
[TD]reizen
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]bruchtaim (to erupt, to vomit)
[/TD]
[TD]aus-brechen (to erupt), er-brechen (to vomit)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]bruich (to boil)
[/TD]
[TD]brühen
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]bruid (brute)
[/TD]
[TD]Riese (giant) ?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]cabhan (hollow, cavity)
[/TD]
[TD]Hafen (port, originally also pot, kettle) ?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]cac (sh*t)
[/TD]
[TD]Kacke
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]cacht (confinement, bondage)
[/TD]
[TD]Haft (imprisonment) loaned before 1st Germanic consonant shift ?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]cagainn (to chew)
[/TD]
[TD]kauen ?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]cainc (projection, pominent nose)
[/TD]
[TD]Zinke (projection), Zinken (prominent nose, colloq.)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]càl (cabbage)
[/TD]
[TD]Kohl
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]caorthann (rowan tree)
[/TD]
[TD]Material for a separate thread! den*/tin*/tan* appears to mean various kinds of trees in various languages: Needle tree in German, oak in Slavonic, fig tree in semitic languages, date palm with the Berbers, mahogany in Tchad
w_ww.heinrich-tischner.de/22-sp/2wo/wort/idg/deutsch/t/tanne.htm

[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]carraigh (rock)
[/TD]
[TD]Harz mountains in Germany?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]coil (wood)
[/TD]
[TD]Holz
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]corc (oats)
[/TD]
[TD]Hafer?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]croch (hook?)
[/TD]
[TD]Krug (pitcher) [discussed in Grimm's dictionary]
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]crom (bent)
[/TD]
[TD]krumm
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]cruadh (austere)
[/TD]
[TD]krüde (crude) ?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]culaith (clothes, suit)
[/TD]
[TD]Kleid (dress)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]ciall (good sense, prudence)
[/TD]
[TD]schlau adj. (clever) - Schlaufe (looped thread, e.g. in knitting)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

Enough for tonight..

 

[FrankN]

[TABLE="width: 800"]
[TR]
[TD]Gaelic (Eng. translation)

[/TD]
[TD]German (opt. Eng. translation)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]dail (interval, delay)
duil (element)
[/TD]
[TD]Teil (part)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]daimh (oxen, bullock)
[/TD]
[TD]Dam-hirsch (fallow deer)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]damnaim (to damn)
[/TD]
[TD]ver-dammen
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]dean (to do)
[/TD]
[TD]tuen
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]deoir, deur (to tear)
[/TD]
[TD]zerren (to pull, to drag)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]deud (set of teeth)
[/TD]
[TD]Zähne
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]dachaidh (at home)
[/TD]
[TD]daheim
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]diluchtaim (to discharge)
[/TD]
[TD]löschen (to discharge cargo, to extinguish fire, to erase)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]dleacht (due)
[/TD]
[TD]An-recht (due, entitlement)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]docht (tight)
[/TD]
[TD]dicht
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]doras (door)
[/TD]
[TD]Tür
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]dorm (fist)
[/TD]
[TD]Daumen (thumb)?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]duine (man, people)
[/TD]
[TD]->deutsch [goth thiud, old German diot = people)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]eisir (oyster)
[/TD]
[TD]Auster
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]faghail (weakness, failing)
faillean (neglect, waste, loss)
fallambh (empty)
[/TD]
[TD]Fehler (fault)
fehlen v. (to be missing, to fail)
fehlend adj. (missing)

[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]fiascaim (to tighten)
[/TD]
[TD]be-festigen (to fasten)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]faisg (near)
[/TD]
[TD]fast (almost)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]faisg (to press)
[/TD]
[TD]waschen (to wash) ?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]feach (to see, to behold)
[/TD]
[TD]wachen (to watch, to guard)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]feachd (army)
[/TD]
[TD]->fechten (to fight [with swords])
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]feacht 2 (flow, current)
fiuch (wet)
[/TD]
[TD]feucht (wet)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]fear (grass)
[/TD]
[TD]Wiese (meadow) ?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]fearna (elder tree)
[/TD]
[TD]Föhre (pine ->fir)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]féar (better)
[/TD]
[TD]wohl (fine, well)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]feonn (wither, decay)
[/TD]
[TD]ver- pref. (withering)

[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]fia (deer)
fiadhaich (wild, terrible)
[/TD]
[TD]Wild n. (game, huntable animal)
wild adj.
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]fiodhull (fiddle)
[/TD]
[TD]Fiedel
fidel (joyful)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]fiodoir (weaver)
[/TD]
[TD]-> Fetzen (piece of cloth), north German Feudel (floor cloth)?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]fior, fear (true)
frinn, frinne (truth)
[/TD]
[TD]wahr (from Lat. vero)
Wahrheit
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]foir (verge)
foirceann (end, extremity)
[/TD]
[TD]->fahren (ride a vehicle/ boat, fare) ?
Ferne (far distance, remoteness); Ende (end)?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]foisc (evening)
[/TD]
[TD]west?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]folamh (hollow)
folach (concealment, hiding)
folmhaim (to evacuate)
[/TD]
[TD]hohl
Höhle (cave) ! Any connection of folach to burying?
Flucht, fliehen (ecape) ?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]folcaim (to wash)
[/TD]
[TD]walken (to waulk, to full a piece of cloth, French: foulage)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]frag (kind wife)
[/TD]
[TD]Frau (woman, spouse)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]freumhach (root)
[/TD]
[TD]Wurzel ?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]fuath (aversion, hatred)
[/TD]
[TD]Furcht (fear)?
Wut (anger)?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

 

[FrankN]

[TABLE="width: 800, align: left"]
[TR]
[TD]gabha (smith)
[/TD]
[TD]No obvious German parallel.
But: Did the smiths govern the Celts (or at least provide essential tools for governing)?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]galan (calling, proclamation)
[/TD]
[TD]Schall (sound), Klang (clang, tone), Hall (reverb)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]galar (disease, distemper)
[/TD]
[TD]Galle (biliary anat., French: bile)
gallig adv. (caustic, liverish, bad-tempered)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]garbh (naughty, crude)
[/TD]
[TD]garstig (rotten, naughty) ?
darben (to starve) ?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]gé (goose)
[/TD]
[TD]Gänse
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]geolbach (jowl)
goilim (to weep)
[/TD]
[TD]jaulen (jowl),
heulen (howl, cry, weep)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]glais (to lock)
[/TD]
[TD]schließen
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]glan (pure)
[/TD]
[TD]Glanz (glance, sparkle, lustre) as displayed by pure metal
klar (clear)?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]gleoite (nice)
[/TD]
[TD]goldig (nice), derived from gold-like ?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]glun (knee)
[/TD]
[TD]Gelenk (joint anat.)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]gop (beak)
[/TD]
[TD]Gosche (mouth) south German dialects, typically used derogatively
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]goile (appetite)
[/TD]
[TD]geil (gay, lustful, rich food, with sexual appetite)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]gorath (to heat)
[/TD]
[TD]kochen (to cook)?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]graine (grimace)
[/TD]
[TD]Grinsen
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]gran (grain)
granach (cereal)
[/TD]
[TD]Korn
Gras (grass), Granne bot. (awn, French: barbe bot.)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]greim (to grip)
[/TD]
[TD]greifen
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]greithe (valuables)
[/TD]
[TD]Güter (goods, possessions) ?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]grioth (cry, shout, grunt)
grunta (deep, bottom sounding)
[/TD]
[TD]schreien (cry,shout),
grunzen (grunt), Grund (bottom, base)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]griog (slight, irritating pain)
[/TD]
[TD]Reiz (stimulus, irritation med.) ?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]gual (coal)
[/TD]
[TD]Kohle
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]guidh (to pray, to wish)
[/TD]
[TD]wünschen (to wish)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]iarann (iron)
[/TD]
[TD]Eisen
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]imholta (admirable)
[/TD]
[TD]hold poet.
halten (to hold, to keep)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]iuch (timber)
iur (yew)
[/TD]
[TD]Joch (yoke, French: jouge)
Eibe
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]labh (word, lip)
labhar (to speak)

[/TD]
[TD]Lippe (lip)
labern coll. (to prattle, to wibble)
seems to indicate Proto-Celtic and Proto-Germanic
were only to some extent mutually intelligible
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]laghdaim (to decrease)
[/TD]
[TD]lichten (to thin out, to clear a forest)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]lann (sword, blade)
[/TD]
[TD]Klinge ?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]lao (calf)
[/TD]
[TD]Lamm (lamb)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]lar (ground floor)
[/TD]
[TD]Flur (hall, corridor, field, plot)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]lata (lath)
[/TD]
[TD]Latte
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]léannta (erudite)
[/TD]
[TD]ge-lehrt ?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]leather (leather)
[/TD]
[TD]Leder
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]lesciuil, leisg (lazy)
[/TD]
[TD]lasch (feeble, lazy, lax), lax, lässig (casual, uninspired)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]loc (sheep fold)
[/TD]
[TD]Pflock (stake, post), e.g. for tying animals or building a fold yard ?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]locht (loft)
[/TD]
[TD]Low German: Lucht
Dach-Luke (loft hatch)->lugen (to peep, to look out), related to Loch (hole) and Licht (light)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]loiscneach (caustic)
[/TD]
[TD]->Lohe (tanbark), Lauge (caustic solution) ?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]loisgeach (to burn)
[/TD]
[TD]lodern (to flare, to blaze) ->Lohe (blaze)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]lothainn (pack)
[/TD]
[TD]Ladung (load)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]luaidhe (lead chem.)
[/TD]
[TD]Lot (plumb); Blei (lead) [apparently packed & shipped quite regularly]
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]luath (ashes)
[/TD]
[TD]Asche [from smelting lead, or because lead is ash-grey ?]
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]luascaim (to wag, to swing)
[/TD]
[TD]Related to diluchtaim (discharge- löschen)?
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]luchd, lucht (pack, cargo)
[/TD]
[TD]Last (load)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]