Turkish vs. Armenian Autosomal DNA - Compare and Contrast Results.

3.

Movsesian and Kochar, 2000

“Cranial similarities between modern Armenians and the Armenians of Armenia 1600 – 700 BC indicate the continuity of the genetic connection to the ancient people ”
 
4.
ALU INSERTION POLYMORPHISMS IN POPULATIONS
OF THE SOUTH CAUCASUS

“Armenians are a separate ethnic group,
which originated from Neolithic tribes of the Armenian Uplands”

Litvinov S*, Kutuev I, Yunusbayev B, Khusainova R, Valiev R,
Khusnutdinova E
 
5.
40% of Armenian genes dates back to Paleolithic era.
Levon Yepiskoposyan

6.

The result of the over 300 individuals that have already been tested revealed that the Armenian branches of DNA are at the root of many branches in Europe.

Armenians belong to 13 distinct genetic groups that go back tens of thousands of years, while at the same time there is no trace of invaders in their DNA in the last 4000 years, making them "homogeneous in their diversity".

Armenian DNA Project at Family Tree DNA
 
7.
“Modern Armenians and Armenian inhabitants around that time [Neolithic era] have cranial similarities, indicating a genetic continuity with ancient populations. Spread to Indian subcontinent and Europe.”

Luigi Cavalli-Sforza (1922-), world renowned population geneticist, Princeton University.
Author of many books including:
Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., & P. Menozzi, A. Piazza. (1994). The History and Geography of Human Genes.

Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Cavalli-Sforza, L. (2000). Genes, Peoples, and Languages, tr. Mark Seielstad, North Point Press.

http://www.bjmg.edu.mk/record.asp?subrecordid=970
http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/bitstream/handle/10062/782/Roostalu.pdf?sequence=5

Different peoples throughout different times used different names for Armenia and Armenians. The Sumerians in around 2,800 BCE called Armenia – Aratta, while the Akkadians that succeeded them in the second half of Third Millennium BCE called Armenia – Armani or Armanum. The Hittites who rose in the Second Millennium BCE called Armenia – Hayasa, while the Assyrians who arose in the second half of Second Millennium BCE called Armenia – Uruatri or Urartu (Ararat of the Bible).
Aratta is considered the first recorded Armenian state.It is mentioned in the oldest Sumerian texts that we have found about the Epic of Gilgamesh. Although it is mentioned in the earliest inscriptions, about 4.800 years ago that does not mean Aratta did not exist before that. Quentin Atkinson and Russell Gray have proved that Armenian language already split from the Mother Tongue in the Indo-European Homeland in Armenian Highland some 8,500 years ago. When our ancestors built Portasar about 12,000 years ago there was already some kind of level of sophisticated organization which was surely required to accomplish such a massive undertaken for its time period.
 
8.
Peter Hrechdakian on “Armenian DNA Haplogroups: Ancient, Unique & Relevant”
Beirut, October 7, 2010- On October 5, 2010, Peter Hrechdakian, Administrator of the Armenian DNA Project at Family Tree DNA, delivered a lecture entitled “Armenian DNA Haplogroups: Ancient, Unique & Relevant” for the first Cultural Hour of this academic year in the Haigazian University Auditorium. This lecture is the first in a series of events and activities planned over the year, commemorating Haigazian University’s 55th anniversary.

Hrechdakian was visiting from Belgium, where he is currently working on the Armenian DNA Project, and was introduced to the audience by Dr. Arda Ekmekji, Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
Ekmekji stated that we uphold “a liberal arts system,” making us interdisciplinary, so that even scientific issues such as genetics and the makeup of the Armenian DNA are discussed in lectures at Haigazian.

Hrechdakian began his lecture by explaining how Armenian DNA is ancient, unique and relevant to the other populations in the world. Although himself neither a biologist nor a geneticist, Hrechdakian conveyed to the audience his passion for the Armenian DNA Project, which is based on individual DNA testing in collaboration with Family Tree DNA.
DNA testing, Hrechdakian emphasized, is very important for Armenians since most of their genealogical records were burned by the Ottoman Empire and this is a way for them to recover their history.
Going over the more scientific aspects of the topic, Hrechdakian described how paternal and maternal lines could each be uncovered by studying a different part of our DNA. He showed that Armenians belong to 13 distinct genetic groups that go back tens of thousands of years, while at the same time there is no trace of invaders in their DNA in the last 4000 years, making them “homogeneous in their diversity.”
Hrechdakian concluded with some surprising finds concerning Armenian DNA as a result of the over 300 individuals that have already been tested, revealing that the Armenian branches of DNA are at the root of many branches in Europe. In addition, 85% of Armenian groups are native to the region, having lived there even before the Armenian language came into existence.
This DNA project started 1 year ago and by 2011 Hrechdakian hopes to have 1000 individuals tested. It is his wish that other people will take interest and that the work will expand to research on ancient DNA, studying human remains that are thousands of years old, thus continuing to delve into the secrets of Armenian history and indeed that of the entire world.

http://www.haigazian.edu.lb/NewsEvents/Pages/default.aspx?NewsID=294
 
“The Armenians are a nation and an ethnic group originating from the Caucasus
and eastern Anatolia, where a large concentration of this community has
remained, especially in Armenia.”

Nasidze,Ling, Quinque, Dupanloup, Cordaux, Rychkov, Naumova, Zhukova, Sarraf-Zadegan, Naderi, Asgary, Sardas, Farhud, Sarkisian, Asadov, Kerimov, Stoneking (2004)

”Analyses of a number of classical genetic markers (blood groups, serum proteins, red cell enzymes) showed substantial genetic diversity in the Caucasus (Barbujani et al. 1994a,b). The results of these studies indicated a single ancient origin for the Caucasus populations.”
 
Armenian Y-DNA (Paternal) Haplogroups
(Updated on 28 january 2012)

R1b1a2a represents the largest haplogroup for Armenians in general and project members in particular. It has been estimated to be 8,000 years old. According to Vince Vizachero who runs the haplogroup R-ht35 Project: "From prior analysis, it appears that R1b1a2a moved north and west into Europe quite rapidly. And the data we are seeing in our project are consistent with that: the oldest forms of R1b1a2a are found at high frequency in the "homeland" of SW Asia and places with the most contact with that region. The closer we get to NW Europe, the more we observe the youngest, derived forms of R1b1a2a." The current distribution of this haplogroup shows a heavy concentration in Western Europe (from the Northern part of the Iberian peninsula to Ireland and England via France and Belgium) as can be seen in this MAP. The map corroborates Vince's conclusions as it shows a 15% concentration of R1b1a2a in a Northern swath of Anatolia - with a peak of 25% in the middle of the swath. The studies on which the map makers drew sampled broadly in the region including Turks, Kurds, Georgians and Azeris. If you sample only Armenians, you get a concentration of 30% of R1b1a2. If you sample only Armenians from Karabakh and Syunik you get concentrations of more than 40%.
 
The blogger Dienekes raises the question:

"All of the above combine to make a pretty compelling story. Could it be that Armenians preserve a legacy of admixture between a linguistically Indo-European speaking, genetically Sardinian-like population, which arrived in Asia Minor from the Balkans at the end of the Bronze Age, finally settling in the Armenian Highlands, and mixing with the local people they encountered?"
 
Mediterranean Admixture


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Red Sea Admixture

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West Asian Admixture


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African Admixture

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East European Admixture

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East Asian Admixture

2i8zx35.gif
 
South-West Asian Admixture

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Gedrosian Admixture

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Caucasian Admixture

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Veritator said:
Armenian Y-DNA (Paternal) Haplogroups
(Updated on 28 january 2012)

R1b1a2a represents the largest haplogroup for Armenians in general and project members in particular. It has been estimated to be 8,000 years old. According to Vince Vizachero who runs the haplogroup R-ht35 Project: "From prior analysis, it appears that R1b1a2a moved north and west into Europe quite rapidly. And the data we are seeing in our project are consistent with that: the oldest forms of R1b1a2a are found at high frequency in the "homeland" of SW Asia and places with the most contact with that region. The closer we get to NW Europe, the more we observe the youngest, derived forms of R1b1a2a." The current distribution of this haplogroup shows a heavy concentration in Western Europe (from the Northern part of the Iberian peninsula to Ireland and England via France and Belgium) as can be seen in this MAP. The map corroborates Vince's conclusions as it shows a 15% concentration of R1b1a2a in a Northern swath of Anatolia - with a peak of 25% in the middle of the swath. The studies on which the map makers drew sampled broadly in the region including Turks, Kurds, Georgians and Azeris. If you sample only Armenians, you get a concentration of 30% of R1b1a2. If you sample only Armenians from Karabakh and Syunik you get concentrations of more than 40%.
Click to expand...

Keep in mind that Karabakh used to be Caucasian Albania in early medieval times and antiquity.
 
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