Introduction
Tuscany (Toscana in Italian) is the fifth largest and ninth most populous region of Italy. With a land area of 23,000 km² (8,900 sq mi) and 3.75 million inhabitants, Tuscany is about the same size as Israel or the US state of New Jersey, though half less populous than either of them. The region corresponds roughly to the original core of ancient Etruria, the cradle of Etruscan civilisation.
Tuscany is regarded as the true birthplace of the Italian Renaissance, and has been home to some many influential people in the history of arts and science (see below).
Tuscany has more World Heritage Sites than any other Italian region. The UNESCO list includes the historical centre of Florence, Siena, Pisa, San Gimignano and Pienza, as well as the Renaissance landscapes of the Val d'Orcia.
The Vespa, the iconic Italian brand of scooter is manufactured by Piaggio in Pontedera, in western Tuscany.
Famous people from Tuscany include (chronologically): the poet Dante Alighieri, the humanist and poet Petrarch, the humanist Giovanni Boccaccio, the architect Filippo Brunelleschi, the sculptor Donatello, the painter Sandro Botticelli, the statesman Lorenzo de' Medici, the mathematician Luca Pacioli, the polymath Leonardo da Vinci, the explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci, the politician and philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli, the artist Michelangelo, the pysicist and astronomer Galileo Galilei, the children's writer Carlo Collodi (author of Pinocchio), the composer Giacomo Puccini, the painter Amedeo Modigliani, and the fashion designer Roberto Cavalli.
The first modern ice cream was developed at the Medici court in Florence in the 16th century.
Cuisine
Tuscan cuisine is characterised by its simplicity and the use of fresh, high-quality fruits, vegetables and herbs (basil, oregano, rosemary, sage, tarragon, thyme) from the Tuscan countryside, which also produces Italy's finest olive oil. Tuscans are proud of the Chianina and Maremmana cows, two of the world's oldest cattle breeds, whose meat is used for the famous bistecca alla fiorentina. Wild game, cured meats, and sausages are also widely consumed.
Tuscan culinary specialties include bistecca alla Fiorentina (thick T-bone steak grilled very rare and seasoned with salt, black pepper, and olive oil), casseruola alla Fiorentina (pasta and diced chicken breasts covered with a sauce of spinach, mushroom soup, garlic, cheese, herbs and sausage), lampredotto (cow's stomach served with tomato, onion, parsley and celery, and eaten in a bread roll), panzanella (salad of bread, tomatoes and olive oil, sometimes also with onions and basil), pappardelle sulla lepre (very broad flat egg noodles in a wild hare sauce), ribollita (potage made with bread and vegetables), and trippa alla fiorentina (tripe fried with vegetables and topped with tomato sauce and Parmesan cheese).
The history of viticulture in Tuscany dates back to the Etruscan civilisation, starting in the 8th century BCE. The region produces some of most appraised Italian wines, such as Brunello di Montalcino, Carmignano, Chianti, Vernaccia di San Gimignano, or Vino Nobile di Montepulciano. Tuscany has 6 Denominazioni di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG), and 35 Denominazioni di origine controllata (DOC), the second most after Piedmont. 55% of Tuscan wines have a DOC(G) label.
The region's most famous biscuits are the cantuccini, also known as biscotti di Prato, twice-baked hard almond oval-shaped biscuits typically served with a glass of vin santo, a sweet dessert wine. The city of Siena is renowned for its ricciarelli (almond biscuit made with sugar, honey and egg white) and its panforte (a dense almond fruitcake), both dating back to the Middle Ages. In Florence, try the zuccotto (a chilled, dome-shaped dessert made with brandy, cake and ice cream) and schiacciata Alla Fiorentina (an orange-flavoured cake made for the Carnival).
Attractions
Attractions are listed geographically, from west to east (left to right) and north to south (top to bottom).