Porto Travel Guide

Introduction

Porto, Portugal's second-largest city, is a captivating destination known for its rich history, vibrant culture, and scenic location along the Douro River. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, its historic center features narrow cobblestone streets, Baroque churches, and the iconic Dom Luís I Bridge. The city is famed for its production of port wine, with Vila Nova de Gaia on the southern bank housing numerous wine cellars offering tastings and tours. Porto’s compact layout makes it ideal for exploration on foot, from the colorful Ribeira district to landmarks like the Clérigos Tower and São Bento Train Station with its stunning azulejo tile murals. With a mix of historic charm and modern vitality, Porto offers visitors a unique blend of architectural beauty, culinary delights, and cultural experiences.

Interesting Facts about Porto

• Portugal derives its name from Porto, originally called "Portus Cale" by the Romans.
• Porto is one of Europe's oldest cities, with evidence of settlement dating back to the 8th century BC.
• The iconic Dom Luís I Bridge was designed by a student of Gustave Eiffel after disagreements over the original plans.
• Porto's historic centre has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996, renowned for its medieval architecture.
• Residents of Porto are nicknamed "Tripeiros" after eating tripe during the 15th-century siege of Ceuta.
• Port wine is produced in the Douro Valley but aged in Vila Nova de Gaia's riverside cellars.
• J.K. Rowling lived in Porto in the 1990s, with local architecture said to inspire elements of Harry Potter.
• The São João Festival in June features crowds hitting each other with inflatable hammers for good luck.
• Porto's São Bento Station boasts over 20,000 azulejo tiles depicting Portuguese history.
• The city's signature Francesinha sandwich contains five meat layers smothered in beer sauce.

Luis I Bridge and the Douro River at sunset

History

Porto's history dates back to the 8th century BCE, with Celtic settlements discovered in various areas. Originally known as Portus Cale during Roman times, the settlement's name eventually evolved into Portugal, giving the entire country its name. The city fell to Moorish rule in 711 but was reconquered by Christians under Vímara Peres in 868, who established the first County of Portugal. Prince Henry the Navigator, born in Porto in 1394, launched the Portuguese Age of Discovery from the city's port in 1415. The city's residents earned the nickname 'tripeiros' (tripe-eaters) during this period, as they gave the best cuts of meat to sailors and kept only tripe for themselves. Porto played a crucial role in the development of port wine trade, particularly after the 1703 Methuen Treaty established trade relations between England and Portugal. The city witnessed significant historical events, including a devastating bridge collapse during the Napoleonic invasion in 1809, when the Ponte das Barcas collapsed under the weight of fleeing citizens. Porto's resilience was demonstrated during an eighteen-month siege in the Portuguese Civil War (1832-1833), earning it the title 'Cidade Invicta' (Unvanquished City). The city's historical significance was recognised in 1996 when its historical centre was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Main Attractions

Ribeira

Nestled along the banks of the Douro River, Porto's Ribeira district stands as one of the city's most enchanting neighbourhoods and a UNESCO World Heritage site. This historic riverside quarter features a mesmerising maze of medieval alleyways and cobblestone streets that cascade down to the waterfront, where colourful, timeworn buildings house an array of cafés, restaurants, and shops. The vibrant Cais da Ribeira, the district's iconic riverfront promenade, offers spectacular views of the magnificent Dom Luís I Bridge and the port wine lodges of Vila Nova de Gaia on the opposite bank. Whilst the area once served as Porto's bustling harbour, today it pulses with tourism, street performances, and authentic Portuguese charm. The heart of the district, Praça da Ribeira, dates back to medieval times and serves as a lively gathering spot where visitors can soak in the atmosphere of this postcard-perfect quarter whilst enjoying local cuisine or watching talented street artists perform against the backdrop of historic architecture.

Porto's Old Town on the Douro River

Luís I Bridge (Ponte de Dom Luís I)

The iconic Dom Luís I Bridge, spanning the Douro River between Porto and Vila Nova de Gaia, stands as a testament to 19th-century engineering brilliance. Completed in 1886 by Belgian engineer Théophile Seyrig, a former partner of Gustave Eiffel, this double-deck metal arch bridge held the world record for the longest iron arch at 172 metres when it opened. Today, the bridge's upper deck carries Porto's metro line D and pedestrians, offering breathtaking panoramic views of the city and river from its 45-metre height, whilst the lower deck accommodates vehicles, cyclists and pedestrians. The bridge serves as a vital link between Porto's historic Ribeira district and Vila Nova de Gaia's famous port wine cellars, making it not just a remarkable feat of engineering but also a beloved symbol of Porto and an essential part of the city's UNESCO World Heritage site.

Bolhão

Bolhão is a vibrant district in the heart of Porto's downtown, centred around the iconic Mercado do Bolhão, a neoclassical market building dating back to 1914. This bustling neighbourhood, situated between the artsy Cedofeita and Bonfim enclaves, perfectly blends tradition with modernity. The area is particularly renowned for its shopping opportunities, with the famous Rua de Santa Catarina offering a mix of traditional shops, designer boutiques, charming cafés and pastry shops. The recently restored Mercado do Bolhão serves as the district's main attraction, housing 79 fresh produce stalls on the ground floor and 10 restaurants on the upper level, making it an essential destination for food enthusiasts. The neighbourhood's central location and excellent transport connections, including the Bolhão and Trindade metro stations, make it an ideal base for exploring Porto, whilst its lively atmosphere and abundance of accommodation options attract both locals and tourists alike.

Clérigos Tower (Torre dos Clérigos)

The Clérigos Tower, a magnificent Baroque bell tower soaring 76 metres above Porto's historic quarter, stands as one of the city's most iconic landmarks. Completed in 1763 by Italian architect Nicolau Nasoni, this granite masterpiece held the distinction of being Portugal's tallest building until the late 19th century. The tower, which is part of the Clérigos Church complex, offers visitors who brave its 240 steps a breathtaking 360-degree panoramic view of Porto's terracotta roofs, winding streets, and the Douro River. Open daily from 9:00 to 19:00, with special evening openings until 23:00 during peak seasons, the tower welcomes visitors for €8, granting access to not only the tower but also the adjoining church and museum.

Porto street leading to the Clérigos Tower

Porto Cathedral (Sé do Porto)

The Cathedral of Porto, known as Sé do Porto, is a magnificent Romanesque structure perched atop Penaventosa Hill in the historic centre of Porto. Originally constructed in the 12th century under Bishop Hugh, this fortress-like cathedral has evolved through the centuries, incorporating Gothic, Baroque and Mannerist elements. Its imposing granite exterior features twin towers crowned with cupolas, an elaborate baroque doorway, and a striking 13th-century rose window. Inside, visitors can admire the narrow barrel-vaulted nave, exquisite azulejo tiles depicting biblical scenes, and the stunning 14th-century Gothic cloisters. The cathedral houses several remarkable treasures, including a silver altar that was cleverly hidden from Napoleon's troops in 1809 by being painted over. From the cathedral's terrace, one can enjoy breathtaking panoramic views of Porto's old quarter, the Douro River, and the iconic Dom Luís I Bridge.

Porto Cathedral

Livraria Lello

The Livraria Lello in Porto is widely regarded as one of the world's most beautiful bookshops and stands as an iconic architectural masterpiece in Portugal's second-largest city. This stunning Neo-Gothic building with Art Nouveau elements, located on Rua das Carmelitas, first opened its doors in 1906 after being commissioned by the Lello brothers. The bookshop's most striking feature is its magnificent crimson staircase, complemented by ornate wooden carvings, stained glass ceilings, and intricate architectural details throughout. Whilst it gained additional fame from claims of inspiring J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series during her time in Porto, the bookshop's true allure lies in its remarkable century-old heritage and breathtaking interior design. Today, visitors can explore this literary gem for an entrance fee of €5, which can be deducted from any book purchase. To avoid the typically large queues, it's advisable to arrive early in the morning or late afternoon, and tickets can be purchased in advance online.

Livraria Lello, the famous bookshop in Porto

São Bento Railway Station

São Bento Railway Station, situated in the heart of Porto's historic centre, is a magnificent architectural masterpiece that seamlessly blends practicality with artistic splendour. The station, which officially opened in 1916, was built on the site of a former 16th-century Benedictine monastery and showcases the stunning French Beaux-Arts style designed by architect José Marques da Silva. The station's most remarkable feature is its grand vestibule, adorned with approximately 20,000 azulejo tiles crafted by artist Jorge Colaço between 1905 and 1916. These blue and white ceramic tiles depict significant moments in Portuguese history, including the Battle of Valdevez and the Conquest of Ceuta, as well as scenes from daily life in Portugal's various regions.

Palácio da Bolsa

The Palácio da Bolsa, a magnificent neoclassical palace in Porto's historic centre, stands as one of Portugal's most remarkable architectural treasures. Built in 1842 on the ruins of the St Francis Convent, this former stock exchange showcases an impressive blend of architectural styles, including Tuscan and English Neo-Palladian influences. The palace's most spectacular feature is the opulent Arab Room, designed to mirror Granada's Alhambra Palace, with its walls and ceiling adorned with intricate gold Arabic inscriptions. Today, the palace serves as the headquarters of Porto's Commercial Association and hosts various cultural and political events. Visitors can explore its grand spaces through guided tours, including the stunning Pátio das Nações (Courtyard of Nations), the Portrait Room with its exceptional craftsmanship, and the lavishly decorated halls that reflect Porto's 19th-century commercial prosperity. As one of Northern Portugal's most visited monuments, the palace offers a glimpse into the city's rich mercantile history and stands as a testament to its economic power during the Victorian era.

Courtyard of Palácio da Bolsa

Crystal Palace Gardens (Jardins do Palácio de Cristal)

Perched atop a scenic bluff in Porto, the Crystal Palace Gardens offer a splendid escape from the urban bustle, boasting breathtaking views of the Douro River and the Atlantic Ocean. These romantic 8-hectare gardens, designed by architect Émile David in the 19th century, feature several themed areas including aromatic and medicinal plant gardens, a charming rose garden, and a peaceful forest section. The gardens take their name from the original Crystal Palace, which was modelled after London's Crystal Palace and stood here until 1951, when it was replaced by the distinctive dome-shaped Rosa Mota Pavilion (now known as Super Bock Arena). Visitors can wander through geometric pathways adorned with fountains, statues representing the four seasons, and a tranquil lake whilst admiring the diverse collection of flora, including camellias, rhododendrons, and ginkgoes. The gardens are particularly enchanting for their resident peacocks, numerous picnic spots, and the adjacent Romantic Museum, making them a perfect retreat for both contemplative strolls and family outings.

Foz do Douro

Where the Douro River meets the Atlantic Ocean, Foz do Douro offers a picturesque promenade perfect for leisurely walks. Enjoy the sea breeze, watch the sunset, or dine at one of the many seafood restaurants in the area.

Port Wine Cellars

Nestled along the southern banks of the Douro River in Vila Nova de Gaia, Porto's historic Port Wine Cellars offer visitors a fascinating glimpse into centuries of winemaking tradition. These cellars, known locally as 'caves', house the world's finest Port wines, with some establishments dating back to the 17th century. Ancient laws dictate that all Port wine must be stored and matured in Vila Nova de Gaia, resulting in a concentrated collection of prestigious wine houses including Taylor's, Sandeman, Graham's, and Ferreira. Visitors can explore these magnificent buildings through guided tours, which typically include a journey through underground cellars filled with centuries-old barrels, detailed explanations of the Port wine-making process, and culminate in tastings of various Port styles. Many cellars also feature museums displaying historical artifacts, vintage bottles, and photographs that document their rich heritage, whilst some offer spectacular terraces with panoramic views over Porto's historic riverfront.

Aging Port wine in cellar in Vila Nova de Gaia, Porto

Top Museums

Serralves Museum of Contemporary Art

The Serralves Museum is one of Porto's most prominent cultural institutions. It features:

• Collections of Portuguese and international contemporary art
• Beautiful gardens surrounding the museum
• Special events like "Serralves em Festa" with 48 hours of continuous activities

Soares dos Reis National Museum

As the oldest public museum in Portugal, the Soares dos Reis National Museum is a must-visit. It offers:

• Over 13,000 works of art, including sculptures, paintings, and decorative arts
• Collections spanning from the 17th to early 20th century
• Housed in the historic Palacio dos Carrancas

World of Discoveries

This interactive museum is excellent for both adults and children. It features:

• Exhibits on Portugal's Age of Discovery
• Interactive displays and touch screens
• A boat ride exploring different continents discovered by Portuguese explorers

Casa do Infante (House of the Prince)

Located in a medieval building in Ribeira, this museum is crucial for understanding Porto's history. It includes:

• Exhibits on the city's history
• Archaeological remains, including a Roman mosaic
• A model of the city of Porto

FC Porto Museum

Football enthusiasts will appreciate this high-tech museum. It offers:

• Multimedia displays on FC Porto's history
• Club memorabilia
• Stadium tours

Porto Tram Museum

Housed in an old electricity station, this museum is dedicated to the history of trams in Porto. Visitors can:

• Explore vintage trams
• Learn about the city's transportation history
• Take a tram ride to the city center (ticket included)

Local Cuisine

Porto's culinary scene is a hearty celebration of Portuguese flavours, with several iconic dishes that have become synonymous with the city. The most famous is the francesinha, a robust sandwich stuffed with various meats, draped in melted cheese and served in a rich beer and tomato sauce. The city's love for seafood shines through in dishes like pastéis de bacalhau (cod croquettes) and polvo com molho verde (octopus in green sauce), whilst meat enthusiasts can savour local specialities such as alheira (a traditional Portuguese sausage) and tripas à moda do Porto (a tripe stew that earned Porto's residents the nickname 'tripeiros'). The local street food culture is particularly vibrant, with vendors offering everything from the Porto-style hot dog known as cachorrinho to warming bowls of caldo verde (a traditional green soup). These dishes, often accompanied by the region's famous Port wine, showcase Porto's dedication to preserving its culinary heritage whilst embracing modern interpretations of classic recipes.

Shopping

The city's main shopping thoroughfare, Rua de Santa Catarina, bustles with international retailers, local boutiques and the charming Via Catarina Shopping Centre. For a more alternative shopping experience, the Cedofeita district, particularly around Rua de Miguel Bombarda, houses unique design shops and art galleries. Fashion enthusiasts will appreciate the numerous shopping centres, including NorteShopping and MAR Shopping, whilst bargain hunters should head to Vila do Conde Outlet for significant discounts on designer brands. The city also boasts several concept stores like The Feeting Room and Labels of Tomorrow, which showcase Portuguese designers alongside international labels. For those seeking traditional Portuguese products, the historic Mercado do Bolhão offers local specialities, whilst gourmet shops like Terroir Gourmet provide high-quality Portuguese gastronomy items.

Nature in and around Porto

The city is blessed with the majestic Douro River flowing through its heart, whilst the Atlantic coastline features beautiful beaches like Matosinhos and Foz do Douro, perfect for surfing and swimming. The sprawling Porto City Park, Portugal's largest urban park, provides extensive green spaces with lakes and walking trails.

Just outside the city, the Peneda-Gerês National Park presents a wilderness wonderland of craggy peaks, hidden waterfalls and riverside woodlands, whilst the UNESCO-listed Douro Valley captivates visitors with its terraced vineyards cascading down steep hillsides. Nature enthusiasts can also explore the Alvão Nature Park, known for its dramatic Fisgas de Ermelo waterfalls, or venture to the Litoral Norte Nature Park with its characteristic sand dunes and diverse birdlife.

Getting Around

The modern metro system, comprising six lines, is the backbone of the network, connecting key areas including the airport and city centre. Complementing the metro are the city's extensive bus routes, operated by STCP, which reach areas not covered by the underground. For a nostalgic journey, visitors can hop aboard one of Porto's iconic trams, particularly the scenic Line 1 that runs along the Douro River. The Andante Card offers a convenient way to access both metro and bus services, with options for single trips or multi-day passes. For those looking to conquer Porto's steep hills, the Funicular dos Guindais provides a unique way to travel between the Ribeira district and the Batalha area. With these options at hand, tourists can easily navigate Porto's charming streets and reach its many attractions without hassle.

Best Time to Visit

The optimal time to visit Porto is during the shoulder seasons of spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November), with May and September being particularly splendid months for travel. During these periods, you'll encounter mild, pleasant temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C, fewer tourist crowds at major attractions, and more reasonable accommodation prices. Spring brings beautiful blooming flowers and comfortable sightseeing conditions, whilst autumn offers the added bonus of the grape harvest in the Douro Valley. These months provide the perfect balance of agreeable weather for outdoor activities, including the famous Six Bridges cruise and visits to nearby beaches, though the Atlantic waters remain quite brisk. Whilst summer (June to August) offers guaranteed sunshine and warmer temperatures around 25°C, the city becomes rather crowded with tourists and prices surge accordingly. Winter months, particularly December, bring considerable rainfall and cooler temperatures, though they do offer the most budget-friendly travel options.