maps

Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DR3. The maximum frequencies are observed in Sardinia (56%), the Basque country (19.5%), Ireland (18%), Morocco (16.5%), Tunisia (16.5%), Libya (15.5%), Saudi Arabia (15.5%), Belgium (15.5%), Wales (15%), Algeria (15%), England/Scotland (14.5%)...

Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DR16. The maximum frequencies are observed in the United Emirates (18%), Bulgaria (17.5%), Macedonia (15.5%), Greece (13.5%), Albania (12.5%), Serbia (11%), Croatia (10.5%) and Sardinia (10.5%). It is completely absent from the Saami, Breton...

I have found this map of Europe on BigThink. It shows what a European Union with 28 equipopulous member states would look like. But the division is far from arbitrary. I have thought about redividing the EU by considering the cultural, ethnic, linguistic and historical similarities between...

It's been a while since I haven't made any new maps. Here is an attempt to show what Europe, the Near East and North Africa looked like in terms of Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups some 10,000 years ago. I delimited the (very) approximate borders of the first cereal/legume farmers in the Fertile...

Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DR1. The maximum frequencies are observed in the Volga-Ural region, among the Mari (24%), Chuvash (18.5%), Kostroma Russians (17.5%) and South Ural Russians (16%). Subtypes There are three main subclades of DR1: - DRB1*01:01 : the vast...

Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-A3, which is divided in two subtypes : A3:01 and A3:02. The former is mostly found in Europe, with lower frequencies across the Middle East, Central Asia (Uygurs), India and even isolated parts of Africa (Cameroon). The latter peaks in Georgia...

Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DQ2. The world's highest frequencies are observed among the Sardinians (59%), the Basques (48%), the Brahui and Balochi of Pakistan (40%), the Moroccans (35%) and the Saudis (35%). Subtypes HLA-DQ2 comprises two subtypes DQB1*0201 and...

Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-B27. The maximum frequencies are observed among the Saami (20% in northern Sweden, 15% in Norway), then in the rest of Fennoscandia, in Belgium, England and Scotland. HLA-B27 is the most routinely tested HLA types by doctors because carrying...

Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DR4. The maximum frequencies are observed among Murmansk Saami, Norwegians, Welsh, Southwest English, Belgians and Armenians. Subtypes DR4 has over 100 subtypes (subclades). Here is the distribution of the 10 most common. DRB1*04:01: peaks...

I have made a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DRB1*11, aka HLA-DR11. It clearly seems to have a West Asian origin, and probably spread alongside Y-DNA haplogroup J2 considering the high frequencies of both in Iran, Armenia, Turkey, Greece, Albania and Italy. The Saudis and North Africans...

To complete the series of main R1a subclades here is the map of Z93 in Eurasia. I have tried to avoid colouring uninhabited regions (high mountains and deserts), but it may not be 100% accurate. Click on the map to get to the Y-DNA maps page, and click again to see a larger version.

I am working on a new page dedicated to the genetic history of the Britain & Ireland. I have almost finished. I had to calculate the regional Y-DNA frequencies and revise all the maps based on the finer resolution that I obtained. Please feel free to provide your feedback and let me know if you...

Following the new map of R1a-M458, here is the map of R1a-CTS1211 (aka M558 or Y93). The distribution is more exclusively Balto-Slavic than M458, although the Czechs have very little of it. Note that about half of all R1a in Italy, south-west France and Spain is CTS1211, meaning that it was...

In order to make such maps we need a lot of data from all over the Europe. By the nature of this data collection it will be a self reporting project. It is not the best way, but it might be the only way to gather data for these maps. Please post your EEF, WHG, EEF numbers with place of birth...

Seven years ago I analysed the UNICEF report on children well-being in rich countries. Here is a new report for 2013, which has eight additional countries. The Netherlands still tops the ranking, followed by Scandinavian countries like before, except Denmark which fell from 3rd to 11th...

I have created a map showing the distribution of East & North Asian (Mongoloid) mtDNA haplogroups in Europe and the Middle East. This includes haplogroups A, B, C, D, E, F, G, M7, M8, Y and Z. ANALYSIS: Western Europe Western Europe has the lowest percentage of East Asian haplogroups, with...

MtDNA haplogroup L is the oldest maternal branch of humanity comprises almost all the lineages in sub-Saharan Africa. All Eurasian haplogroups descend from L3, the subclade that is the most common in the Arabian peninsula and North-East Africa. All four top branches of L (L0, L1, L2 and L3) are...

Haplogroup H5 is thought to have originated around 12,000 years ago in West Asia, probably around the Fertile Crescent. It was found in four individuals of from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B site of Tell Halula in Syria, dating from circa 6800 BCE. It was also found in Neolithic Germany, Minoan...

Haplogroup T1 is a maternal lineage which appears to have originated in the Fertile Crescent and/or the South Caucasus. It is strongly associated with the expansion of agriculture during the Neolithic period, and to a lesser extent also with the spread of the Indo-Europeans during the Bronze...

Mt-haplogroup T2 is a relatively widespread, yet mysterious haplogroup. Its distribution doesn't give much hint regarding its origin. The frequency of T2 varies widely within linguistic families or countries that otherwise share similar ancestry, and even between regions of a same country. The...