Egyptian Ancient Dna from the Old and Middle Kingdoms

The leaked information from twitter/x wasn’t entirely correct. There is no Bell Beaker ancestry in the Middle Kingdom, it’s actually just contamination.

IMG_0385.jpeg
 
It looks like even King Tut and his dynasty were likely contaminated.

Old Kingdom Egypt are almost entirely E-M35 with some rare J/T present.
 
Egyptian_Old_Kingdom_Period_Gizeh:I6409
Egyptian_Old_Middle_Kingdom_Period_Dahshur:I10020
Egyptian_Middle_Kingdom-Djehuty_Nakht_2100B.C:I6130
Egyptian_Dynasties_Period:I4270
Egyptian_Middle_Kingdom_Period:Egyptian_1879bc:Nakht-Ankh
Egyptian_Late_Kingdom_Period:EGY_Late_Period:JK2134
Egyptian_Late_Kingdom_Period:EGY_Late_Period:JK2911

Do any of these samples have contamination?


Egyptian_Ptleomic_Period:EGY_Hellenistic_contam:JK2888 This one is labeled as having contamination. Is some contamination ok when using samples for modeling? I wouldn't think so.
 
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It looks like even King Tut and his dynasty were likely contaminated.

Old Kingdom Egypt are almost entirely E-M35 with some rare J/T present.

agree
by logic we should find some e-m78>v12
and e-m78>v22 among the ancient egyptians ;)
about contamination i think they are talking about this paper :
“Genetic Predisposition of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Ancient Human Remains”
( And it look like that paper includes:
some new 17 ancient egyptian remains)


1712423369548.png



p.s
some of them were uploaded to theytree
it is not only strange the r1b dominance among them
but also autosomally some of the 17 remians had k12b values that look more like southern europeans
 
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agree by logic we should find some e-m78>v12
and e-m78>v22 among the ancient egyptians ;)
about contamination i think they are talking about this paper :
“Genetic Predisposition of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Ancient Human Remains”
( And it look like that paper includes:
some new 17 ancient egyptian remains)


p.s
some of them were uploaded to theytree
it is not only strange the r1b dominance among them
but also autosomally there k12b values look more like southern europeans

miro explained in twitter, they are contaminated by a single person from a North Italian lab. Egyptian mummies are notoriously known to be touched by various persons.

Also, miro is the 3rd guy to confirm Old Kingdom is totally dominated by E1b (likely E-M35/E-M78). First guy leaked this several years ago (who leaked that Etruscans were mostly R1b and was true), now we know even New Kingdom saw resurgence of E-M35 domination.

King Tut dynasty very likely has the same fate. It will be invalidated soon.

We will have Old Kingdom Egyptian and Sumerian samples finally soon from more mature labs.
 
Egyptian_Old_Kingdom_Period_Gizeh:I6409
Egyptian_Old_Middle_Kingdom_Period_Dahshur:I10020
Egyptian_Middle_Kingdom-Djehuty_Nakht_2100B.C:I6130
Egyptian_Dynasties_Period:I4270
Egyptian_Middle_Kingdom_Period:Egyptian_1879bc:Nakht-Ankh
Egyptian_Late_Kingdom_Period:EGY_Late_Period:JK2134
Egyptian_Late_Kingdom_Period:EGY_Late_Period:JK2911

Do any of these samples have contamination?


Egyptian_Ptleomic_Period:EGY_Hellenistic_contam:JK2888 This one is labeled as having contamination. Is some contamination ok when using samples for modeling? I wouldn't think so.
Those that show minimal Steppe ancestry are contaminated. That should especially be true for "Egyptian_Middle_Kingdom-Djehuty_Nakht_2100B.C:I6130" but if my memory serves me well also for "Egyptian_Middle_Kingdom_Period:Egyptian_1879bc:Nakht-Ankh".

Contaminated samples are more or less useless because they show modern ancestry by those that worked on them.

It looks like even King Tut and his dynasty were likely contaminated.

Old Kingdom Egypt are almost entirely E-M35 with some rare J/T present.

I never believed in Tuts supposed R1b Y-Haplogroup in the first place. Didn’t make much sense 3 years ago and much less today.
 
Those that show minimal Steppe ancestry are contaminated. That should especially be true for "Egyptian_Middle_Kingdom-Djehuty_Nakht_2100B.C:I6130" but if my memory serves me well also for "Egyptian_Middle_Kingdom_Period:Egyptian_1879bc:Nakht-Ankh".

Contaminated samples are more or less useless because they show modern ancestry by those that worked on them.



I never believed in Tuts supposed R1b Y-Haplogroup in the first place. Didn’t make much sense 3 years ago and much less today.
1712424339594.png


I see what you mean with the steppe
 
What's the evidence for that?
None.
In fact the paper tested staff member DNA (as usual) to verify for contamination risks.
But, it is a typical mecanism from non-scientific "theoreticians", when their model didn't fit with data, then they will claim that the data have an issue.

I even saw that in collaboration meeting few years ago (in Physics), when a dude started to "yell" that there was a big issue with our data !!!
Our data were quite new. We were still trying to figure out all aspect of the data, thus we were all interested about what he might have found. We asked him what he identified.
He just replied that his model wasn't fitting, and therefore the data were wrong.
Back in those day, we nearly all laughed quite loudly.

Usually it start to smell bad when data quality is determined on the basis of the agreement with a model.
On internet forum, this is a behavior you'll meet quite often.

Regarding King-Tut Y-haplogroup ... it is pointless anyway.
Could a R-M269 made its way to egyptian New Kingdom ? Definitely possible (It is not like the geographical distance is that huge).
But, we know that if such movement occured it was linked to isolated travellers/merchants as no significant cultural influences are documented.
Thus : end of the "scientific" part of the story, Y-lineage are peculiar oddities based on the lucky success of some males, like for any other mutations (sometimes expansion of mutations is based on natural selection, sometimes just on random founder effects).
Then starts the "ideological" part of the story, with some idéologically motivated considerations ... with peoples fighting not about data/science but about some preconceived ideology they want to push for.

In the case of Tut's lineage, what strongly disfavor the contamination idea is the coherence of the genealogic tree :
Capture-d-e-cran-2024-04-07-a-10-31-01.png

If heavy contamination was at play, you won't expect it to follow the structure of the genealogic tree.
Therefore, considering the contamination checks made in the paper, and considering that the results are following a consistent patern for the genealogic tree ... there is little to no scientific reasons to cast doubts about the found haplogroups.

Now, of course, some ideologies might be annoyed that such haplogroup made it to Egypt back in the New Kingdom and even "dared" to end up on a Royal line !
In fact, a single lineage taken alone (even on a Royal line) says nothing about autosomal components and cultural influences.
The only peoples who care about that are probably having some "strange" vision of how humans mobility works (and how cultural integration works).

What we know from modern DNA of Egyptians is that if some European lineages made it to Egypt during BA, they weren't a lot (which is consistent with the lack of cultural influences).
Trying to prove that not a single lonely traveller made it to Egypt is at best a very weird angle for a scientific work.
Scientifically speaking it is pointless, no-one serious cares about one peculiar haplogroup when reasoning at the scale of civilisations.

What shows Tut's Y-DNA is just that human mobility between Europe and North-Africa wasn't equal to 0 (yet we have many reasons to think that is was very very small).
Which shouldn't comes as a surprise anyway.
Now, most likely, Tut's lineage didn't arrive from outside to conquer Egypt ... it was likely from a traveller that got abosrbed by Egyptian culture and luckily accessed to power many years after, once being an "integrated" component of the egyptian population.
Thus it is only a "case" for people having some ideological issues about human mobility.

Historically-wise, such peculiar Y-DNA is pointless. Statistical analysis about Y-lineages can be usefull, but for that it would require a lot of tested lineages (and not only royals), and very deep analyses to establish exact clades.
 
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from this paper :

1712492556930.png

those that were uploaded to theytree:












p.s
it is ok even as an hobbyist like myself to ask questions
were is e1b1b1?
strange
it is the most common y haplogroup in egypt
 
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from this paper :

View attachment 15855
those that were uploaded to theytree:












p.s
it is ok even as an hobbyist like myself to ask questions
were is e1b1b1?
strange
it is the most common y haplogroup in egypt

It was already given an answer, these are not real results. They are contaminated and will be nullified.

Old Kingdom Egypt will be mostly E-M35. They are coming soon as a peer reviewed paper.
 
It was already given an answer, these are not real results. They are contaminated and will be nullified.

Old Kingdom Egypt will be mostly E-M35. They are coming soon as a peer reviewed paper.

hopefully ;)

e-m78 (x v13) should be there big time
 
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I wish they would go into overdrive in pumping out new ancient samples (G25 coords, etc) for Egypt and the near east entirely. For England alone from the BA-IA there's over 280 samples. For Egypt counting the questionable samples that aren't averages, there's only like 12 with coordinates.
 
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I wish they would go into overdrive in pumping out new samples (G25 coords, etc) for Egypt and the near east entirely. For England alone from the BA-IA there's over 280 samples. For Egypt counting the questionable samples that aren't averages, there's only like 12 with coordinates.


these are the only ancient egyptians individuals
i see at davidski g25 spreadsheet : ( we need more )


Egypt_ThirdIntermediatePeriod:JK2134,0.046667,0.149283,-0.037712,-0.119188,-0.001846,-0.050479,-0.005875,-0.008077,0.048063,0.005467,-0.000487,-0.012139,0.030178,0.002615,-0.001221,-0.012066,-0.008996,-0.004307,-0.006159,0.009755,0.004742,0.000618,0.005053,0.011568,0.006347

Egypt_ThirdIntermediatePeriod:JK2911,0.054635,0.144205,-0.045632,-0.118219,-0.001846,-0.04769,-0.019271,-0.000231,0.048063,0.006925,0.01835,-0.016635,0.0278,-0.009771,-0.003529,0.002121,-0.00678,0.005828,-0.006536,0.018759,0.006613,0.006306,0.003821,-0.008917,-0.005508

and these are modern egyptian samples :

Egyptian:10AJ136,0.004553,0.142174,-0.050534,-0.09044,-0.005847,-0.033467,-0.00423,0.000231,0.02986,-0.000364,0.01088,-0.017534,0.02438,0.000413,0.010993,0.003845,-0.009388,-0.007601,-0.010433,-0.000875,-0.000749,-0.006306,0.008258,0.003856,-0.003832

Egyptian:10AJ137,-0.014797,0.13405,-0.034695,-0.083334,0.000923,-0.026216,-0.013161,-0.000231,0.03211,-0.004556,0.005846,-0.013638,0.012933,-0.00578,-0.003393,0.005436,0.002086,-0.006714,-0.008045,0.004502,-0.002745,0.006183,0.008627,0.003253,-0.000239

Egyptian:12AJ129,-0.009106,0.132019,-0.052797,-0.07429,-0.006463,-0.039602,-0.019976,-0.002308,0.044586,-0.002551,0.011854,-0.010041,0.020664,0.006193,-0.00665,-0.009016,-0.012126,-0.003167,-0.00088,-0.001751,0.00025,0.005812,0.003204,0.010604,0.014609

Egyptian:12AJ136,-0.010244,0.128972,-0.043746,-0.09367,-0.001846,-0.029284,-0.017861,0.006461,0.037428,-0.004556,0.005521,-0.009741,0.019029,0.011973,-0.0057,-0.002519,-0.007823,0.005194,0.002891,0.001376,0.000749,0.005193,0.002465,-0.003374,0.002874

Egyptian:15AJ137,-0.029594,0.139128,-0.039598,-0.090763,-0.011694,-0.028168,-0.007285,0.006692,0.040291,-0.004009,0.004547,-0.005695,0.029881,0.005367,0.003122,-0.006762,-0.00678,0.007475,-0.013198,-0.005878,0.003743,-0.009027,-0.002588,0.001325,-0.000479

Egyptian:16AJ137,-0.011382,0.133034,-0.041106,-0.082688,0.004924,-0.031794,-0.011281,-0.001385,0.037428,0.006743,0.002598,-0.012589,0.013825,-0.001927,0.0038,-0.008884,-0.009127,-0.005068,-0.000628,0.002876,-0.01148,-0.008161,-0.001972,0.010604,-0.000838

Egyptian:1AJ137,-0.003415,0.140143,-0.048271,-0.083334,-0.010771,-0.027331,-0.015981,-0.003461,0.038041,0.004556,0.009906,-0.009142,0.015907,0.007019,0.000679,0.004243,0.007041,-0.007221,-0.008925,0.002376,-0.001248,-0.001237,-0.002958,0.001084,0.004431

Egyptian:2AJ137,-0.020488,0.140143,-0.042992,-0.09367,0.004616,-0.034025,-0.020681,-0.005077,0.03845,0.001276,0.013803,-0.009891,0.020812,0.00523,-0.002036,-0.006099,-0.006389,-0.003294,-0.004777,0.008629,-0.004742,0.006306,0.000246,-0.00241,0.00012

Egyptian:3AJ137,0.002276,0.13405,-0.038843,-0.097223,-0.00277,-0.03263,-0.01081,0.001615,0.029042,0.001458,0.012179,-0.01109,0.028246,-0.003303,0.003257,0.005569,0.015907,-0.003421,-0.008547,0.007504,-0.002121,-0.005317,-0.001109,0.000361,-0.002994

Egyptian:4AJ136,-0.006829,0.132019,-0.050911,-0.095931,-0.014156,-0.032351,-0.011045,-0.002308,0.039269,0.013668,0.006658,-0.005845,0.029137,0.010322,0.009365,-0.000265,-0.011865,-0.004941,-0.005028,0.002251,0.003993,-0.004946,-0.008627,-0.003374,-0.001557

Egyptian:4AJ137,-0.022765,0.133034,-0.039598,-0.090763,-0.004924,-0.034861,-0.011045,0.001846,0.044177,-0.006014,0,-0.007343,0.011001,-0.004266,-0.0038,-0.007558,-0.016298,-0.00228,-0.010307,-0.003627,-0.003244,-0.00643,-0.010846,-0.003735,-0.001557

Egyptian:5AJ136,-0.018212,0.12491,-0.035449,-0.078812,-0.001846,-0.026774,-0.014336,0.007384,0.041109,0.010752,0.009743,-0.015886,0.022745,0.000826,-0.010586,0.013392,0.007302,-0.001014,-0.010182,0.005878,-0.007986,-0.002844,-0.001232,0.008676,0.002155

Egyptian:5AJ137,-0.117238,0.125926,-0.029415,-0.064277,-0.002462,-0.030399,-0.016451,0.003692,0.037837,-0.004738,0.005359,0.003897,0.021556,0.004954,0.000543,-0.004641,0.003912,-0.012542,0.002765,0.007003,0.000998,-0.005688,0.001602,-0.003012,-0.001437
Egyptian:6AJ129,0.026179,0.137096,-0.053174,-0.10336,0,-0.037092,-0.016921,0.001615,0.036405,0.007289,0.005034,-0.007793,0.030773,0.008257,0.004614,-0.007425,-0.017341,0.003674,-0.006285,0.001376,0.011729,0.00371,-0.003574,-0.003735,-0.002155

Egyptian:7AJ129,-0.050082,0.127957,-0.046763,-0.073967,-0.005847,-0.031515,-0.00705,0.001846,0.043768,0.001822,0.001624,-0.009292,0.023786,0.005092,-0.011808,-0.001326,-0.019166,0.000253,0.003897,0.004627,0.006239,-0.001607,-0.000616,0.002651,-0.005868

Egyptian:7AJ136,-0.01935,0.131003,-0.043369,-0.085595,-0.009848,-0.027331,-0.00611,-0.006923,0.030474,0.004738,0.009094,-0.002847,0.008771,-0.006744,-0.007057,0.009679,0.00326,-0.004814,0.006159,-0.002251,0.003868,-0.016322,-0.002465,-0.004699,-0.007784

Egyptian:8AJ129,-0.018212,0.144205,-0.043746,-0.084949,-0.01231,-0.030957,-0.019506,0.001846,0.023725,-0.00328,0.000162,-0.008992,0.020961,0.00812,0.004479,-0.001591,-0.005476,0.004434,-0.004274,0.01038,0.000749,-0.000742,0.00456,-0.00494,0.000239

Egyptian:8AJ136,-0.013659,0.141159,-0.046386,-0.097223,-0.011387,-0.033188,-0.016451,0.009923,0.039882,-0.010205,0.00406,-0.003597,0.031813,0.005918,0.018594,0.010475,-0.005867,-0.006081,-0.009176,0.015758,0.006364,0.000742,-0.003204,0.008073,-0.007544

Egyptian:9AJ129,-0.012521,0.14319,-0.038089,-0.091086,0.005539,-0.038487,-0.021151,0.001846,0.036405,0.014761,0.009581,-0.009891,0.023488,-0.001514,-0.007193,0.005304,0.003129,-0.004434,0.006411,0.009254,0.00287,0,0.009737,-0.001084,0.001796

Egyptian:Egypt12AQ172,-0.009106,0.132019,-0.043369,-0.091086,0.001539,-0.031236,-0.01034,-0.002077,0.045404,-0.000911,0.007307,-0.004646,0.028692,-0.005092,-0.008143,-0.003447,0.001304,-0.010515,-0.004777,-0.000875,-0.007237,-0.008037,-0.003944,0.007471,0.002754

Egyptian:Egypt15AQ172,-0.013659,0.133034,-0.039975,-0.09044,-0.008617,-0.046017,-0.013866,-0.000923,0.034769,0.005103,0.00747,-0.008692,0.022002,0.007432,-0.001493,-0.012596,-0.009257,-0.000633,-0.005531,0.002876,-0.000873,0.005317,-0.001109,0.001205,0.000239

Egyptian:Egypt17AQ176,-0.006829,0.127957,-0.040729,-0.083334,0,-0.029284,-0.014336,0.003461,0.043155,0.004009,0.007307,-0.004196,0.023488,0.00234,0.003393,-0.009149,-0.005215,-0.004814,-0.006536,0.00025,-0.006988,-0.002102,-0.000493,-0.000723,-0.001557

Egyptian:Egypt1AQ172,-0.001138,0.132019,-0.04186,-0.092055,-0.005539,-0.04016,-0.015511,0.005769,0.046631,-0.007836,0.008119,-0.012289,0.023786,0.003028,0.001493,0.000928,0.001956,0.002154,0.004399,0.008129,0.001373,-0.009892,0.001972,0.006386,-0.011256

Egyptian:Egypt22TD21,-0.006829,0.131003,-0.044123,-0.08075,-0.001846,-0.037371,-0.017391,0,0.043359,-0.004009,0.004384,-0.006744,0.019029,-0.003303,0.000543,0.004906,0.011865,-0.006081,-0.006034,0.006628,-0.004367,-0.00136,0.002342,0.004699,-0.000239

Egyptian:Egypt3AQ172,-0.002276,0.136081,-0.038089,-0.087533,-0.000308,-0.04016,-0.014571,-0.001154,0.039064,0.004556,0.012017,-0.006145,0.022894,0.002615,-0.007872,0.009281,-0.005607,-0.001267,0.002388,0.000625,-0.006489,0.002349,0.006162,-0.007832,0.014011

Egyptian:Egypt5AQ172,-0.005691,0.123895,-0.04714,-0.091086,-0.007386,-0.033188,-0.013866,-0.000692,0.03845,-0.000182,0.013153,-0.014537,0.031516,-0.00578,-0.001493,-0.015248,-0.007432,0.003041,-0.009553,-0.004377,0.008485,0.00371,0.003328,-0.00494,0.000718

Egyptian:Egypt7AQ172,-0.001138,0.135065,-0.040729,-0.085595,-0.003693,-0.039324,-0.012691,-0.000462,0.032315,0.008565,0.009419,-0.006894,0.031516,0.00812,0.003529,-0.005967,-0.003912,0.007348,0.001131,0.001376,-0.005989,0.004081,0.007395,0.00494,0.000479

Egyptian:Egypt8AT113,-0.028456,0.142174,-0.046386,-0.087533,-0.005232,-0.032072,-0.008225,-0.007384,0.035383,0.002187,-0.000812,-0.013788,0.030475,-0.006606,-0.000136,0.00769,-0.00678,-0.005321,-0.001634,0.004377,0.003743,0.001731,0.003204,0.00723,-0.009101

Egyptian:Egypt9AQ172,-0.021626,0.133034,-0.039598,-0.091086,-0.004616,-0.030399,-0.018096,-0.000462,0.034155,0.001093,0.005359,-0.014987,0.022894,-0.003303,-0.003393,0.010342,0.001565,-0.005321,-0.004777,0.005002,-0.007487,-0.010387,0.002588,-0.001687,0.006347

Egyptian:Egypt9AQ177,-0.022765,0.133034,-0.04186,-0.08075,-0.010156,-0.035977,-0.013396,-0.002308,0.035178,-0.003462,0.007145,-0.003447,0.022002,-0.000826,-0.003257,0.009546,0.007432,-0.005574,0.004902,0.003877,0.001248,-0.013354,0.00419,-0.010965,-0.00455
 
these are the only ancient egyptians individuals
i see at davidski g25 spreadsheet : ( we need more )


Egypt_ThirdIntermediatePeriod:JK2134,0.046667,0.149283,-0.037712,-0.119188,-0.001846,-0.050479,-0.005875,-0.008077,0.048063,0.005467,-0.000487,-0.012139,0.030178,0.002615,-0.001221,-0.012066,-0.008996,-0.004307,-0.006159,0.009755,0.004742,0.000618,0.005053,0.011568,0.006347

Egypt_ThirdIntermediatePeriod:JK2911,0.054635,0.144205,-0.045632,-0.118219,-0.001846,-0.04769,-0.019271,-0.000231,0.048063,0.006925,0.01835,-0.016635,0.0278,-0.009771,-0.003529,0.002121,-0.00678,0.005828,-0.006536,0.018759,0.006613,0.006306,0.003821,-0.008917,-0.005508
Code:
Egyptian_Old_Kingdom_Period_Gizeh:I6409,0.029665247,0.13868540,-0.047587444,-0.14426329,-0.0022221347,-0.063518622,-0.014261081,-0.013556098,0.087986490,0.0041161682,-0.0028172711,-0.019512651,0.055365686,0.0068209691,0.0071103512,0.014172621,-0.0011899901,-0.019799603,-0.021658496,0.032836460,-0.0024145371,-0.010472191,-0.0046426664,-0.0034683108,0.0029676763
Egyptian_Old_Middle_Kingdom_Period_Dahshur:I10020,0.011530275,0.13728656,-0.049170061,-0.11359996,0.00099127203,-0.049440638,-0.020387999,-0.0026683728,0.062675346,-0.0081175666,0.0020009024,-0.011293133,0.028314321,0.020438082,0.0095046032,0.0088030027,-0.017175880,-0.0096735594,-0.0038784026,0.00068539449,0.0029141859,-0.015338366,-0.0043286787,-0.0012691466,0.0014364105
Egyptian_Middle_Kingdom-Djehuty_Nakht_2100B.C:I6130,0.053504150,0.13702279,-0.042256778,-0.088577892,0.0016483012,-0.037922341,-0.014478379,-0.0022917330,0.032911256,0.0051009809,0.0091531458,-0.013376381,0.026522487,0.0012096728,-0.0043573045,-0.0011185066,-0.021307803,6.0763451e-05,0.0033831153,0.0024352202,0.0013931869,-0.0017261886,0.0014597641,0.0049339092,0.0086866961
Egyptian_Dynasties_Period:I4270,0.029426332,0.12950421,-0.035513124,-0.086261212,0.00033343075,-0.051749749,-0.019966154,-0.0054937906,0.034047365,-0.0075339831,0.0072808600,-0.0097472856,0.017746303,0.0042224539,-0.0035992889,0.017692031,-0.0029042799,0.0011414125,-4.6902190e-05,-0.0047014951,0.0096118254,0.0052474445,0.0030944825,0.0031438881,0.0037047543
Egyptian_Middle_Kingdom_Period:Egyptian_1879bc:Nakht-Ankh,0.0012,0.129,-0.044,-0.0965,-0.0031,-0.0534,-0.017,-0.0078,0.0551,-0.0049,0.0138,-0.0172,0.0306,-0.0015,0.0069,-0.0072,-0.0111,0.0053,-0.004,0.0042,-0.0012,0.0046,-0.0078,0.0026,-0.0013
Egyptian_Ptleomic_Period:EGY_Hellenistic_contam:JK2888,0.040976,0.159438,-0.055437,-0.102068,0,-0.060798,-0.023266,-0.008307,0.048472,0.007472,0.015427,-0.019782,0.034341,-0.004129,0.00475,-0.015646,-0.024121,0.007348,-0.005028,-0.00025,-0.004617,0.008285,-0.012571,0.005302,-0.005987
Egyptian_Late_Kingdom_Period:EGY_Late_Period:JK2134,0.046667,0.152329,-0.037712,-0.121126,0,-0.054384,-0.010575,-0.006231,0.048472,0.007289,0.000162,-0.010191,0.026164,0.000138,0,-0.008486,-0.007953,-0.005194,-0.00176,0.006878,0.005989,0.001237,0.005053,0.013134,0.006227
Egyptian_Late_Kingdom_Period:EGY_Late_Period:JK2911,0.053497,0.141159,-0.04714,-0.115635,-0.004001,-0.04518,-0.020681,-0.003231,0.046427,0.005103,0.017863,-0.012739,0.0333,-0.011836,-0.001629,0.004375,-0.00691,0.001267,-0.005279,0.017133,0.005241,0.002102,0.002218,-0.005302,-0.007424
Egyptian_Outlier:Byzantine_Period:Iznik_Basilica_Nun,0.034147,0.143190,-0.036958,-0.089956,0.014157,-0.035001,-0.012574,-0.004385,0.047654,0.016766,0.008282,-0.010416,0.026313,-0.001170,0.004208,-0.005635,-0.005802,-0.009312,-0.019986,0.007254,-0.006426,-0.013355,0.005978,-0.004820,0.002036
Egyptian_Outlier:Beirut_IAIII_Egyptian:SFI-43,0.037562,0.14319,-0.050911,-0.109821,0.000615,-0.045459,-0.009635,0.001154,0.044995,0.006196,0.012991,-0.020382,0.0388,0.001101,-0.000407,0.005436,-0.002999,-0.002914,-0.004399,0.018259,0.013975,0.002968,0.001356,0.005302,-0.003353
Egyptian_Outlier:Beirut_IAIII_Egyptian:SFI-44,0.046667,0.146236,-0.040729,-0.094639,-0.000308,-0.03765,-0.011281,0.000231,0.041109,0.006743,0.010068,-0.010341,0.024529,-0.000826,0.006379,-0.010607,-0.015125,-0.001774,-0.002137,-0.001376,0.010107,0.009645,-0.001109,-0.001807,0.002754
Egyptian_Outlier:England_Roman_Period_Egyptian_Gladiator_o:3DT26,0.05122,0.156392,-0.050911,-0.102068,-0.003077,-0.044065,-0.012926,-0.007154,0.031906,0.000364,0.004384,-0.015436,0.027354,0.003853,-0.003936,0.005304,-0.000782,-0.001014,-0.005908,0.010505,0.003494,-0.003833,-0.001109,0.006868,-0.010059

These are what I have that I think are Individuals contamination or not.
 
None.
In fact the paper tested staff member DNA (as usual) to verify for contamination risks.
But, it is a typical mecanism from non-scientific "theoreticians", when their model didn't fit with data, then they will claim that the data have an issue.

I even saw that in collaboration meeting few years ago (in Physics), when a dude started to "yell" that there was a big issue with our data !!!
Our data were quite new. We were still trying to figure out all aspect of the data, thus we were all interested about what he might have found. We asked him what he identified.
He just replied that his model wasn't fitting, and therefore the data were wrong.
Back in those day, we nearly all laughed quite loudly.

Usually it start to smell bad when data quality is determined on the basis of the agreement with a model.
On internet forum, this is a behavior you'll meet quite often.

Regarding King-Tut Y-haplogroup ... it is pointless anyway.
Could a R-M269 made its way to egyptian New Kingdom ? Definitely possible (It is not like the geographical distance is that huge).
But, we know that if such movement occured it was linked to isolated travellers/merchants as no significant cultural influences are documented.
Thus : end of the "scientific" part of the story, Y-lineage are peculiar oddities based on the lucky success of some males, like for any other mutations (sometimes expansion of mutations is based on natural selection, sometimes just on random founder effects).
Then starts the "ideological" part of the story, with some idéologically motivated considerations ... with peoples fighting not about data/science but about some preconceived ideology they want to push for.

In the case of Tut's lineage, what strongly disfavor the contamination idea is the coherence of the genealogic tree :
Capture-d-e-cran-2024-04-07-a-10-31-01.png

If heavy contamination was at play, you won't expect it to follow the structure of the genealogic tree.
Therefore, considering the contamination checks made in the paper, and considering that the results are following a consistent patern for the genealogic tree ... there is little to no scientific reasons to cast doubts about the found haplogroups.

Now, of course, some ideologies might be annoyed that such haplogroup made it to Egypt back in the New Kingdom and even "dared" to end up on a Royal line !
In fact, a single lineage taken alone (even on a Royal line) says nothing about autosomal components and cultural influences.
The only peoples who care about that are probably having some "strange" vision of how humans mobility works (and how cultural integration works).

What we know from modern DNA of Egyptians is that if some European lineages made it to Egypt during BA, they weren't a lot (which is consistent with the lack of cultural influences).
Trying to prove that not a single lonely traveller made it to Egypt is at best a very weird angle for a scientific work.
Scientifically speaking it is pointless, no-one serious cares about one peculiar haplogroup when reasoning at the scale of civilisations.

What shows Tut's Y-DNA is just that human mobility between Europe and North-Africa wasn't equal to 0 (yet we have many reasons to think that is was very very small).
Which shouldn't comes as a surprise anyway.
Now, most likely, Tut's lineage didn't arrive from outside to conquer Egypt ... it was likely from a traveller that got abosrbed by Egyptian culture and luckily accessed to power many years after, once being an "integrated" component of the egyptian population.
Thus it is only a "case" for people having some ideological issues about human mobility.

Historically-wise, such peculiar Y-DNA is pointless. Statistical analysis about Y-lineages can be usefull, but for that it would require a lot of tested lineages (and not only royals), and very deep analyses to establish exact clades.

From the paper:

DNA extraction, authentication and contamination monitoring:

"Strict adherence to requirements of ancient DNA authentication, including laboratory design andpractice standards, was adopted for proof of reliability and quality of the results (Richards et al. 1995,291–299; Roberts & Ingham 2008, 600–613; Hawass et al. 2010, 638–647; Hawass et al. 2012,e8268; Keller et al. 2012, 698; Khairat et al. 2013, 309–325). DNA sampling and extraction weredone following the published protocols for ancient DNA (Scholz & Pusch 1997, 61–64; Hawass etal. 2010, 638–647; Hawass et al. 2012, e8268). Sampling, DNA extraction, amplification, andsequencing were carried out in distinct working areas. Surfaces and equipment were continuouslydecontaminated with DNase and bleach and exposed to UV irradiation. Procedural components werestrictly controlled and tested for the presence of contaminants. Negative controls were processedalongside each procedure to detect possible contamination with exogenous DNA sources (Tully et al. 2001, 83–91; Pusch & Bachmann 2004, 957–964; Gilbert et al. 2005, 541–544; Lamers et al.2009, 40–55; Haak et al. 2010, e1000536; Hawass et al. 2010, 638–647; Fulton 2012, 1–11; Khairatet al. 2013, 309–325). DNA fingerprinting for the lab members was carried out to exclude the presenceof staff DNA contamination. Reproducible results were verified through bacterial cloning of amplicons(Pääbo et al. 2004, 645–679; Fernández et al. 2014, e1004401) and through the analyses of differentbiopsies per mummy, where 3–6 bone samples were taken from various body areas of each studiedmummy (Hawass et al. 2010, 638–647). Recruitment of a dedicated laboratory separated from theoriginal one, run by an independent research team, was used for replication purposes (Gilbert et al.2005, 541–544; Lamers et al. 2009, 40–55; Hawass et al. 2010, 638–647; Fulton 2012, 1–11; Hawasset al. 2012, e8268)."

- Gad et al. 2020, Maternal and Paternal Lineages in King Tutankhamun’s Family


It even looks like they might have tested them twice as Tutankhamun's results were leaked back in 2011.

The finding that Amenhotep III had mtDNA H2b also fits with the evidence that his mother Mutemwiya was a Mitanni royal:

"H2b, on the other hand, is a minor branch. It contains several ancient samples from Russia, all basal to the rest of the branch, including one individual from the Yamnaya culture and one from the Late Bronze Age Srubnaya culture, both from the Pontic-Caspian Steppe region, and five other Bronze Age samples from east of the Volga river: three from Sintashta and two from Krasnoyarsk. Also in a basal position, there are three modern Russian samples (two from the Altai region) and one Danish sequence. Interestingly, while the vast majority (70%) of H2 modern sequences in our dataset are of European origin, H2b displays a strong South Asian component, with seven samples from Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka. The newly published Sintashta and Middle Bronze Age Krasnoyarsk (Russian) sequences (Narasimhan et al.2018), together with the previously released Yamnaya and Srubnaya, span a period from 5 to 3.5 ka. These, plus the modern South Asian sequences, support our earlier suggestion that H2b was involved in movements east and southwards from the Pontic-Caspian region into South Asia, by documenting its progress eastwards across the Eurasian Steppe. The Sintashta Culture in the Ural Mountains, or a “Sintashta-derived” culture (such as the Andronovo), is thought to have expanded eastwards into Central Asia 3.8 ka, reaching South Asia"

- Silva et al. 2019, Untangling Neolithic and Bronze Age mitochondrial lineages in South Asia
 
So everytime a test is done we can conclude there has been some contamination. These bizzare results are likely just mistakes aka imperial Rome.
 
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Those that show minimal Steppe ancestry are contaminated. That should especially be true for "Egyptian_Middle_Kingdom-Djehuty_Nakht_2100B.C:I6130

This is a bit of a mystery. Djehutynakht had mtDNA U5b2b5, which is European in origin, and has been found in Bell Beaker samples. This result was found independently by Harvard and FBI labs, with no evidence of contamination. U5b2b5 has also been found in 10 samples from Christian period Nubia, and the Djehutynakht sequence is similar to a modern Egyptian U5b2b5 sample. So it seems implausible or even impossible that the Djehutynakht result is due to contamination, and it appears to be completely unrelated to the Eurac lab where this contamination is supposedly from. The result also fits with the presence of Bell Beaker ancestry – It makes sense, seeing as U5b2b5 has been found in Bell Beaker samples. Furthermore, according to the leaked data Djehutynahkt had Y-DNA G2a2a, and there's a Bronze Age sample from central Italy with U5b2b5, G2 and Bell Beaker ancestry. So it seems remarkably coincidental that this sample with a European haplogroup, would be contaminated with unrelated modern European DNA, which also matches ancient Bell Beaker DNA from Italy, which is associated with this haplogroup.

On top of this, another sample which according to Miro C is contaminated (a sample from Thebes) appears to be Takabuti, who also had a European mtDNA haplogroup (H4a1) which is associated with the Bell Beaker culture, and which seems to have a link to U5b2b5. This haplogroup was also found in the Guanches, along with Bell Beaker ancestry and R1b-M269. According to Fregel et al. (2020) its presence there is likely due to Bronze Age migration from Europe to North Africa. So again this fits with the presence of Bell Beaker ancestry in Takabuti. Takabuti's mtDNA was extracted and analysed at the Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, with no evidence of contamination.

This suggests to me that the apparent Bell Beaker ancestry in these samples might not actually be due to contamination, but I guess we'll have to see when the samples are finally published, if that ever happens.
 
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MTree: Modern Egyptian sample and Djehutynakht, U5b2b5: https://www.yfull.com/mtree/U5b2b5a2a/

Nubian Christian Period samples:

"Ten individuals from both cemeteries belong to mtDNA haplogroup U5b2b5, though they also exhibit three additional mutations not typically found in members of this haplogroup. One of these mutations was detected in a 4,000-year-old mummy from Deir el-Bersha, Egypt also assigned to this haplogroup [Djehutynakht], raising the possibility that the presence of U5b2b5 at Kulubnarti reflects deep connections with Egypt”

- Sirak et al. 2021, Social stratification without genetic differentiation at the site of Kulubnarti in Christian Period Nubia

Ancient U5b2b5 samples:

1712674861614.png

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1yr77K8rGsPDTeMu1XQIAfNItGtIbh45xQqviKRL1Mqk/edit#gid=0
 
MTree: Modern Egyptian sample and Djehutynakht, U5b2b5: https://www.yfull.com/mtree/U5b2b5a2a/

Nubian Christian Period samples:

"Ten individuals from both cemeteries belong to mtDNA haplogroup U5b2b5, though they also exhibit three additional mutations not typically found in members of this haplogroup. One of these mutations was detected in a 4,000-year-old mummy from Deir el-Bersha, Egypt also assigned to this haplogroup [Djehutynakht], raising the possibility that the presence of U5b2b5 at Kulubnarti reflects deep connections with Egypt”

- Sirak et al. 2021, Social stratification without genetic differentiation at the site of Kulubnarti in Christian Period Nubia
Ancient U5b2b5 samples:

View attachment 15896
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1yr77K8rGsPDTeMu1XQIAfNItGtIbh45xQqviKRL1Mqk/edit#gid=0
Interesting
 
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