Romance in Contact with AlbanianWhy the relation of Albanian to Romanian disqualifies the west balkan yamnaya groups from being the source of the Albanian language is not just the "Eastern Latin" that you refer to, but also the non-Latin Albanian component in Romanian. It requires proto-Albanians in the areas of the Romanian ethnogenesis.
Walter Breu, University of Konstanz
There is no "Romanian ethnogenesis" in the timeframe you're pointing out. Romanians formed out the Balkan Romance in the early middle ages, not earlier. The relation of Romanian and Albanian comes from a)loanwords of Albanian to Balkan Romance which could have happened anywhere from Kosova to north Macedonia and b)from a common set of Latin vocabulary which however forms a small part of the Latin vocabulary in Albanian, so it doesn't refer to any "special" relation. In fact, differences between Latin influence on Albanian and Romanian mean that they developed in a noticeably different context.In any case, possible contacts with Romanians do not concern the oldest Latin influences
on Albanian, as they go back to times when only the coast was Romanized and not the central
Balkan areas. What is more, Albanian has preserved Latin characteristics that did not survive in
any Romance language, that is, from before the regionalization of Latin, or at least may be found
elsewhere only in very conservative varieties (Meyer-Lübke, 1914, p. 32; Mihăescu, 1966, pp. 8–
11); see, for example, the preservation of Latin k, g before front vowels Albanian has in common
with Sardinian varieties (section 2.2.1), the conservation of the neuter in Latin borrowings (Çabej,
1962, p. 190) or archaic Latin lexemes like ōs ‘mouth’ → Alb. vesh ‘ear’, vetus, veteris → Alb. i vjetër
‘old’, where Romance languages, including Romanian, show only derivations (Mihăescu, 1966, p.
9).
It has been claimed that parallelisms of Albanian with Romanian normally do not go back to some
type of borrowing from Romanian (and its southern-Danube varieties) into Albanian.22 Rather, it
has been argued that they result from borrowings from Albanian to Romanian23 or that they are
due to a parallel lexicon in Balkan Latin varieties in different parts of the peninsula (Treimer,
1917). Additionally, Romanian-Albanian parallelisms sometimes go back to pre-Latin substrates
on the Balkans and to Albanian loans in Romanian.
Mihăescu (1966, pp. 12–32) differentiated four categories of common terms of Albanian with
Romanian, which in a way contrary to Çabej’s opinion (1962) also reflect different chronological
stages:
Latin words of extended circulation, preserved not only in Albanian and Romanian, but also
in western Romance languages (including Italian). This is the largest group in Mihăescu’s
corpus, containing 270 items like altare ‘(sacrificial) altar’ → Alb. lter, Ro. altar; arena → Alb.
rërë (Geg rênë), Ro. arină; aurum → Alb. ar, Ro. aur.
Latin words, common to Albanian and western Romance languages (partially also to
Dalmatian), but not found in Romanian. Mihăescu counted 151 elements in this group, for
example, amicus ‘friend’ → Alb. mik; causa ‘thing’ → Alb. kafshë ‘animal, thing’; fides ‘belief’
→ Alb. fe; servire ‘to serve’ → Alb. shërbenj.
Latin words found only in Romanian and Albanian. Mihăescu’s corpus contains 39 of them,
of which 19 are terms of wider circulation in these languages, like canticum ‘song’ → Alb.
këngë, Ro. cîntec; sessus ‘plain’ → Alb. shesh, Ro. şes. Twelve of them are uncertain because of
formal or semantic inconsistencies, for example, hospitium, *hostip(it)ium → Alb. shtëpi
‘house’, Ro. ospăţ ‘banquet’; dirigere → Alb. dërgonj ‘to send’, Ro. drege ‘to make’. The rest of
them consist of local Hellenisms like spodium (→ Grk. σπούδιον) → Alb. shpuz ‘embers’, Ro.
spuză.
Latin loans preserved only in Albanian. In Mihăescu’s opinion (1966, p. 30), the 85 items he
counted are especially useful for knowledge of Latin and help determine the territory and
the date of the influence of the Roman culture on the ancestors of the Albanians. In referring
to Jokl (1923, p. 136), he remarked that the basic agricultural terminology of the ancient
Albanians is clearly Latin, for example, apparamentum ‘provision’ → parmendë ‘plough’,
*hiberninum (cf.. hibernus ‘wintery’) → vërri ‘winter pasture’. Flora and fauna terms in this
group according to Mihăescu are mainly Mediterranean or refer at least to humid territories,
as, for example, olivaster → ullashtër ‘wild olive-tree’, catta → gatë ‘heron’. Additional
information comes from religious terms, which, being partially pre-Christian, turned into
Christian ones and followed without interruption the western (Roman) Church, while the
ancestors of the Romanians oriented themselves by the Byzantine model, for example, Lat.
Saturni dies → Alb. e shtunë ‘Saturday’ (≠ Ro. sâmbătă), Lat. Christi natale → kërshëndella
‘Christmas’ (≠ Ro. Crăciun, etymology unclear).
Likewise the shtokavian dialects are less albanoid lexically and grammatically than bulgaro-Macedonian, which points to west balkan being a non Albanoid language for slavs to interact with. All these things have been mentioned in this thread countless times.
What is this nonsensical comparison? The geographical center of Shtokavian is Bosnian, so how could it be influenced by any "Albanoid" language? The center of the Balkan Sprachbund is in Macedonia and more specifically the area around Ohrid. This is how Bulgaro-Macedonian dialects are affected by it as these features were transferred from this region to others.
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