We know that the Bessi tribe lived before the Roman Period in North-West of Rhodopes Mountains. I think thats where Proto-Albanians got their Doric loanwords (if Albanians truly descend from those Bessi). The theory about the Doric loanwords comming from western Dardanians is possible if the Bessi from the Roman Times are not the same with the Bessi from Antiquity( thus the term ,,Bessi,, was probably used for all Daco-Thracians within Roman Empire).Nish and Shtip area fit with the Bessi territory, Proto-Albanian has also Doric Greek loanwords some linguists argue directly some argue that those words entered via a secondary language this puzzles me with the bessian theory, the only explanation I would think is if western Dardanians who were probably glasinac-mati(Illyrian) loaned them into proto-Albanian. Dardania as a whole is very complex.
Matzinger denies also Illyrian hypothesis. 2 pages ago, Johanne Derite presented arguments from the linguist Radu Craciun which presents arguments on why Matzinger is wrong about the rejection of Thracian origin of Albanian. The same linguist, in the same work, presented phonetic evolutions of Thracian and sometimes Illyrian languages that matches Albanian, which further disprove Matzinger's arguments for Albanian being descendent of a separate paleo-balkan language.You should read Willem Vermeer and Matzinger. Both of them reject the Bessi theori or a Thracian origin from Bulgaria.
Prizren in Kosovo is another toponym they picked up from Albanian speakers en . wikipedia.org/wiki/ Prizren
''Nine Albanian stock-breeding villages within the vicinity of Prizren are mentioned explicitly - these villages are known with the names Gjinovci (Gjinajt), Magjerci, Bjellogllavci (Kryebardhët), Flokovci (Flokajt), Crnça, Caparci (Çaparajt), Gjonovci (Gjonajt), Shpinadinci (Shpinajt) and Novaci. ''
The Albanians in this area were the natives that were occupied by these medieval invaders .
Archeology and Linguistics suggest that the Illyrian Dardani, lived in what is now the western half of Kosovo. The regions east of the Illyrian Dardani were inhabited by Thracians and possibly by a third paleo-balkan group and thus Naissus and Astibos were in a clear Thracian linguistic zone all the way until the fall of the Roman Empire in the Balkans, so there were no Illyrians living in Naissus because this city was far from the Illyrian/Thracian border zone. In eastern Dardania were documented settlements called Besiana and Besaiana, Bessi were also recorded living in Scupi, an important city of the Roman Province of Dardania, this could all explain why Skopje shows Albanian phonetic evolution. All of these things show that Bessi definitely lived in Dardania during the Roman Rule and that they are a candidate of being Proto-Albanian or at least related.Prizren, just like Ohrid, is not of Slavic origin and definitely was not founded by Slavs, especially not Serbs. The Serbs raided and pillaged it. It is actually believed it was occupied originally by Albanians. Shkupi/Skopje was picked up from Albanian speakers too en wikipedia . org/wiki/Skopje , Sharr too. Lipjan another non-Slavic name.
Willem claims this territory (South-Serbia, Kosovo, North-Macedonia) was originally inhabited by Albanian speakers prior to the expansion of the Serb state. The expansion of the Serbs and Bulgars is also what lead to the spread of the Romanian - Aromanian language to other areas of the Balkans according to Willem.
The Thracian element in Dardania cannot be explained away by the Bessi. There was a Thracian population in Dardania that mixed with the Illyrian one even in Nish and where you have profiles that range from Illyrian to Thracian which is why most scholars today that support the Albanian transmission of Naiss > Nish still reject the Thracian theory and the Bessi theori. Daco-Thracian toponyms such as Dardapara and Qumedava in Dardania have nothing to do with the actual Bessi. Willem does not reject entirely the Illyrian theory, he just rejects the Thracian one but supports Naissus > Nish.
The Thracian theory is rejected by experts including Vermeer and Matzinger. Shkupi follows Albanian phonetic laws from the Latin just like Sharr, Shkodra, Drisht, Lezha, Shtip and possibly Nish and Lipjan because they have continiously been inhabited by Albanians since the Roman era and were preserved in the Albanian language. If they hadn't, the names known in Albanian would not be what they are today. Scupi would of not evolved to of become Shkup but in Albanian would rather be a Slavic loanword and so forth. The toponyms are a mixture of Slavic and Albanian due to Slavic-Albanian contact. The Bessi supposedly living in Dardania does not mean they were the proto-Albanians there were other main populations there and even the Thracian element there cannot be attributed only to the Bessi. The name Bessi came also to be applied to all Thracian groups. If Proto-Albanians had been the Bessi that means they picked up such toponyms including Nish and Shtip and Shkup and most in Albania from foreigners but thats not what the linguistic arguments suggest. They claim Nish and Shtip came directly from Albanian development, the Bessi did not originate in these areas which means the Bessi picked up such toponyms from foreigners. If such a theory was true, the placenames in Albania would show a different development too including Mat and many others.Archeology and Linguistics suggest that the Illyrian Dardani, lived in what is now the western half of Kosovo. The regions east of the Illyrian Dardani were inhabited by Thracians and possibly by a third paleo-balkan group and thus Naissus and Astibos were in a clear Thracian linguistic zone all the way until the fall of the Roman Empire in the Balkans, so there were no Illyrians living in Naissus because this city was far from the Illyrian/Thracian border zone. In eastern Dardania were documented settlements called Besiana and Besaiana, Bessi were also recorded living in Scupi, an important city of the Roman Province of Dardania, this could all explain why Skopje shows Albanian phonetic evolution. All of these things show that Bessi definitely lived in Dardania during the Roman Rule and that they are a candidate of being Proto-Albanian or at least related.
Matzinger said that the Illyrians were related to Proto-Albanian before he came to the conclusion that they arent Proto-Albanians. As you said, Vermeer doesnt fully support Illyrian theory neither. Vermeer is correct about the phonetic evolution of Naissus and Astibos but the only weird thing is that those cities were inhabited by Bessi (the only paleo-balkanic population attested both documentary and archeologically living there and the surrounding zones) during Roman Rule. Probably in Eastern Dardania were some Illyrian elites at first but they didnt assimilate the broader Thracian and Dardani population living there as archeology doesnt show such a thing, so Nish and Astibos were always in a clear Thracian linguistic zone even during Roman Rule.From what I know, Shkodra doesnt match Albanian phonetic evolution, its name should have been Hader if Albanians lived there continiuosly, this was stated by Matzinger.Matzinger also says that Shar is a slavic borrowing so Proto-Albanians couldnt have originated there. About Messapian, many linguists and archeologists state that they were different from the other 2 Lapygian tribes, for example, this can be seen in their funerary style, Messapians used cremation like Daco-Thracians and other populations influenced by them, meanwhile Dauni and Peucetians used cremation like Illyrians. Read the argumentation that was made by Radu Craciun that were posted here 2 pages ago and you will see why we can still talk about why Albanian could be a Daco-Thracian language and why Matzinger is wrong on excluding Daco-Thracian origin.The Thracian theory is rejected by experts including Vermeer and Matzinger. Shkupi follows Albanian phonetic laws from the Latin just like Sharr, Shkodra, Drisht, Lezha, Shtip and possibly Nish and Lipjan because they have continiously been inhabited by Albanians since the Roman era and were preserved in the Albanian language. If they hadn't, the names known in Albanian would not be what they are today. Scupi would of not evolved to of become Shkup but in Albanian would rather be a Slavic loanword and so forth. The toponyms are a mixture of Slavic and Albanian due to Slavic-Albanian contact. The Bessi supposedly living in Dardania does not mean they were the proto-Albanians there were other main populations there and even the Thracian element there cannot be attributed only to the Bessi. The name Bessi came also to be applied to all Thracian groups. If Proto-Albanians had been the Bessi that means they picked up such toponyms including Nish and Shtip and Shkup and most in Albania from foreigners but thats not what the linguistic arguments suggest. They claim Nish and Shtip came directly from Albanian development, the Bessi did not originate in these areas which means the Bessi picked up such toponyms from foreigners. If such a theory was true, the placenames in Albania would show a different development too including Mat and many others.
Vermeer supports the transmission of Naiss > Nish and Astibos > Shtip yet rejects the Thracian theory for example or an origin from Thrace proper atleast. Matzinger rejects the Illyrian theory but says in some of his other works its related, Vermeer is unsure about the Illyrian theory but rejects the Thracian one. In Eastern Dardania there were definitely Illyrians that mixed with a Thracian one eventually which is what we will eventually see in genetics. I know Shkupi and Nish had a Thracian population. The E-V13 in Nish had a Thracian profile, something related to that.
Regardless, the Bessi theory is rejected by both Vermeer and Matzinger. They coud of not been proto-Albanians for various reasons. Matzinger supports the Messapic relation.
Aromanian split from Romanian earlier and migrated in Greece and other places in the Balkans in the 9th century, meanwhile Proto-Romanians migrated later in what is now Romania.So basically they expanded into Albanian land and took these lands from Albanian speakers, Nish was literally Albanian land... The Torlak dialect has Albanian-Romanian influence. Expansion of Slavs into these territories is also what lead to the spread of the Romanian and Aromanian language to other areas of the Balkans....
Yes, Aromanians split from Romanian earlier. It is exactly Dardania that these linguists claim happened the contact between Albanian-Romanian.Aromanian split from Romanian earlier and migrated in Greece and other places in the Balkans in the 9th century, meanwhile Proto-Romanians migrated later in what is now Romania.
The toponyms that match Albanian phonetic evolution in that area are Nish and Shtip and possibly Lipjan. Anyway, toponyms provide evidence that Albanian was spoken both in Dardania and Albania in Late Antiquity.Western Dardania cannot be the place where this happened as Sharr doesnt match Albanian phonetic evolution so the area of contact between Albanians and Vlachs was in Eastern Dardania and Western Dacia Mediteranea,as thats where all toponyms that match Albanian phonetic evolution are located.
Toponyms from Albania dont have Albanian phonetic evolution, that was stated by many linguists especially Matzinger. As for Lipjan, while no Roman Era document mention any paleo-balkan population living there, it could have been inhabited by Bessi because Scupi, Besiana and Besaiana are all three located close to Ulpia (Lipjan). Also, the city is located in the area of contact between Thracians and Illyrians which further increases the probability that Bessi lived there aswell.The toponyms that match Albanian phonetic evolution in that area are Nish and Shtip and possibly Lipjan. Anyway, toponyms provide evidence that Albanian was spoken both in Dardania and Albania in Late Antiquity.
Most linguists agree Albanian was even in Albania in Late Antiquity. Mat is considered an Albanian toponym. If you see the proto-Albanian wikipage. Lissos in Albania and Naissos in Dardania show the same developments btw. Nish and Shtip in Late Antiquity represent the easternmost expansion. Shkupi, Sharr, Drisht and Shkodra all show the same developments. Proto-Albanian being Bessi has been rejected by scholars including Vermeer and Matzinger. The location of proto-Albanian in Late Antiquity makes the Bessi theory even less likely. The Thracian element in Dardania cannot be explained away by the Bessi. They might of mixed with proto-Albanians however.Toponyms from Albania dont have Albanian phonetic evolution, that was stated by many linguists especially Matzinger. As for Lipjan, while no Roman Era document mention any paleo-balkan population living there, it could have been inhabited by Bessi because Scupi, Besiana and Besaiana are all three located close to Ulpia (Lipjan). Also, the city is located in the area of contact between Thracians and Illyrians which further increases the probability that Bessi lived there aswell.
You keep repeating nonsense. Modern linguists such as Matzinger dont suport that Proto-Albanians were in whats now Albania, however they support the fact that they migrated there, thats how these toponyms such as Mat appeared. Shkodra, Sharr and other toponyms in Albania dont follow Albanian phonetic evolution, that was said by Matzinger himself. About the Bessi theory, you seem to ignore the argumentation made by Radu Craciun but do whatever you want, I wont force you to read it. The location of toponyms that show Albanian phonetic evolution is intercalated with the location of Bessi, everyone can see that very well. The Thracian element in Eastern Dardania could be explained by the Bessi as there were 3 settlements located there, where these people lived: Scupi, Besiana and Besaiana.Most linguists agree Albanian was even in Albania in Late Antiquity. Mat is considered an Albanian toponym. If you see the proto-Albanian wikipage. Lissos in Albania and Naissos in Dardania show the same developments btw. Nish and Shtip in Late Antiquity represent the easternmost expansion. Shkupi, Sharr, Drisht and Shkodra all show the same developments. Proto-Albanian being Bessi has been rejected by scholars including Vermeer and Matzinger. The location of proto-Albanian in Late Antiquity makes the Bessi theory even less likely. The Thracian element in Dardania cannot be explained away by the Bessi. They might of mixed with proto-Albanians however.