Introduction
Valencia, Spain's third-largest city, is a dynamic blend of historical heritage and modern innovation located on the Mediterranean coast. Founded by the Romans in 138 BCE, Valencia boasts a rich history shaped by Visigothic, Moorish, and Christian influences, evident in its diverse architecture, including the Gothic Silk Exchange (La Lonja), a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The city is also renowned as the birthplace of paella, offering visitors a chance to savor this iconic dish in its traditional form. Valencia’s attractions range from its historic old quarter with landmarks like the Valencia Cathedral, home to the purported Holy Grail, to the futuristic City of Arts and Sciences complex designed by Santiago Calatrava. The Turia Gardens, created in a former riverbed, provide a green oasis for recreation, while nearby beaches such as Malvarrosa offer relaxation by the sea. With a vibrant cultural calendar, including the famous Las Fallas festival, Valencia is a city that seamlessly combines tradition and modernity.
Interesting Facts about Valencia
- Valencia is the birthplace of paella, where the traditional recipe uses chicken, rabbit, and snails instead of seafood.
- The Tribunal de las Aguas, the world’s oldest active court, has settled local water disputes every Thursday since the 10th century.
- L’Oceanogràfic, part of the City of Arts and Sciences, is Europe’s largest aquarium with 41.6 million litres of water.
- Valencia’s Turia River was diverted after a 1957 flood, and its former riverbed now houses a 10km urban park longer than New York’s Central Park.
- The Valencia Cathedral allegedly houses the Holy Grail, believed to be the cup used by Jesus during the Last Supper.
- With over 790,000 inhabitants, Valencia is Spain’s third-largest city after Madrid and Barcelona.
- The Fallas Festival in March features giant papier-mâché sculptures burned in spectacular bonfires, drawing millions of visitors.
- Valencia’s Central Market spans 8,000m² with 900 stalls, making it Europe’s largest fresh produce market.
- The Borgia family, including two Renaissance-era popes, originated from Valencia’s nearby town of Xàtiva.
- La Lonja de la Seda, a 15th-century silk exchange, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site showcasing Valencian Gothic architecture.
Plaza del Ayuntamiento
History
Valencia was founded as a Roman colony named Valentia Edetanorum in 138 BCE when Consul Decimus Junius Brutus rewarded his legionaries with fertile lands near the Mediterranean Sea. The city fell to the Visigoths in 413 CE and later to the Moors in 714, becoming the seat of an independent Moorish kingdom by 1021.The legendary Spanish hero El Cid conquered Valencia from the Almoravids in 1094 and ruled until his death in 1099, after which the Moors reclaimed it in 1102.James I of Aragon captured the city in 1238, forcing 50,000 Moors to leave, and established the Kingdom of Valencia with its own laws and parliament.The 15th century marked Valencia's Golden Age, when it became the most populous city in the Crown of Aragon and a major slave trade centre, second only to Lisbon in the West.During the Spanish Civil War, Valencia briefly served as the capital of Republican Spain in 1936.Throughout its history, Valencia has been shaped by various cultures and has become known for significant landmarks such as the Gothic Miguelete Tower (built 1381-1424), the Cathedral La Seo (completed 1482), and the historic Water Court, which has existed since at least the 10th century and still operates today, conducting proceedings in the Valencian dialect of Catalan.
Main Attractions
Plaza del Ayuntamiento
The Plaza del Ayuntamiento stands as Valencia's largest and most impressive square, serving as the vibrant heart of the city. This magnificent public space is dominated by the grand City Hall, an early 20th-century building featuring a blend of neoclassical and modernist architecture, complete with two distinctive cupolas. The square is further adorned by notable structures, including the stunning Central Post Office with its beautiful glass dome, and a collection of modernist buildings that house various institutions. At its centre lies an elegant fountain, surrounded by traditional flower stalls that add splashes of colour to the plaza. Throughout the year, the square buzzes with activity, hosting numerous cultural events and celebrations, most notably during Las Fallas festival in March. With its strategic location near the Estación del Norte railway station, the plaza serves as an ideal starting point for exploring Valencia's attractions, whilst its surrounding cafés and restaurants make it a perfect spot for people-watching and soaking in the authentic Spanish atmosphere.
Plaza de la Virgen
The Plaza de la Virgen stands as one of Valencia's most enchanting squares, situated in the heart of the old town where the Roman forum once thrived. This pedestrianised plaza is dominated by magnificent architectural marvels, including the Valencia Cathedral with its iconic Miguelete bell tower and the baroque Basilica de la Virgen de los Desamparados, featuring its distinctive blue dome. At the square's centre lies the remarkable Turia Fountain, designed by Manuel Silvestre Montesinos, depicting Neptune and eight female figures representing the irrigation channels of the Turia River. The plaza serves as a vibrant cultural hub, hosting significant events such as the weekly Water Tribunal—Europe's oldest functioning judicial institution—which convenes every Thursday at noon by the Cathedral's Apostles' Door. Visitors can soak in the atmospheric charm whilst relaxing at one of the many café terraces that line the square, enjoying local delicacies and watching street performers against the backdrop of centuries-old buildings. The square becomes particularly spectacular during Las Fallas festival, when the Virgin is adorned with countless offering flowers, making it an essential stop for anyone exploring Valencia's rich heritage.
Plaza de la Reina and Valencia Cathedral in the Old Town
La Lonja de la Seda (Silk Exchange)
The La Lonja de la Seda (Silk Exchange) in Valencia stands as one of Spain's most remarkable examples of late Gothic civil architecture. Built between 1482 and 1533, this UNESCO World Heritage site served as the heart of Valencia's prosperous silk trade during the city's Golden Age. The magnificent complex features several stunning sections, including the grand Hall of Columns (Sala de Contratación) with its soaring helical pillars, the Consulado del Mar (Maritime Consul), and a charming orange tree courtyard. The building's exquisite architectural details include intricate gargoyles, grotesque figures, and elaborate stone carvings that showcase the wealth and artistic sophistication of 15th-century Valencia. Located in the heart of the old town opposite the Central Market, the Lonja remains one of Valencia's principal tourist attractions, offering visitors a glimpse into the city's mercantile history through its masterful Gothic design and rich cultural heritage.
Torres de Serranos
The Torres de Serranos, considered the largest Gothic city gateway in Europe, stands as one of Valencia's most iconic medieval landmarks. Built between 1392 and 1398 by master architect Pere Balaguer, these majestic towers originally served as one of twelve gates in Valencia's ancient city walls and the main entrance to the city. Throughout its rich history, the structure has served multiple purposes: a defensive fortification, a ceremonial entrance for welcoming kings and ambassadors, a prison for nobility from 1586 to 1887, and even a safe haven for priceless artwork from the Prado Museum during the Spanish Civil War. Today, visitors can climb the towers for spectacular views over Valencia and admire their impressive Gothic architecture, featuring pentagonal towers connected by a common gallery and adorned with elegant Gothic designs. The monument remains a central part of Valencia's cultural life, hosting important events such as La Crida, the opening ceremony of the famous Fallas festival.
Torres de Serranos
Palace of the Marqués de Dos Aguas
The Palace of the Marqués de Dos Aguas, located in the heart of Valencia, stands as one of Spain's finest examples of Rococo architecture. Built in the 1740s as a radical renovation of an older Gothic mansion, this magnificent noble residence now houses the González Martí National Museum of Ceramics. The palace's most striking feature is its ornate alabaster entrance, crafted by Ignacio Vergara, which showcases two giant figures representing Valencia's major rivers. The rectangular building, with towers at each corner, boasts a splendid interior featuring original 19th-century salons, period carriages, and an impressive ceramic collection spanning from ancient times to contemporary works, including pieces by Picasso.
City of Arts and Sciences
The City of Arts and Sciences (Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències) stands as Valencia's most striking modern landmark, stretching across nearly two kilometres of the former Turia riverbed. This spectacular cultural and architectural complex, designed by Valencian architect Santiago Calatrava, comprises six stunning futuristic structures that have become iconic symbols of the city. The complex include:
- L'Hemisfèric: A planetarium and IMAX cinema
- El Museu de les Ciències Príncipe Felipe: An interactive science museum
- L'Umbracle: A landscaped walkway and garden with indigenous plants
- L'Oceanogràfic: Europe's largest aquarium housing over 45,000 marine creatures
- El Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía: An opera house
- L'Àgora: houses CaixaForum Valencia, a covered plaza for concerts and sporting events
Each building is surrounded by striking pools of water that mirror their avant-garde architecture, creating a harmonious blend of water, light, and innovative design that exemplifies Valencia's bold step into the 21st century.
El Museu de les Ciències Príncipe Felipe
Charming Neighbourhoods
El Carmen
This bohemian district in the old town is a maze of narrow streets, historic buildings, and vibrant street art. It's the perfect area for aimless wandering and discovering hidden gems.
Ruzafa
This trendy neighbourhood is known for its eclectic mix of vintage shops, art galleries, and hip cafés. It's the place to be for Valencia's nightlife scene.
Central Market
While technically not an attraction, this art nouveau building houses one of Europe's largest fresh produce markets. It's a feast for the senses and a great place to sample local delicacies.
Fallas Festival
If you're visiting in March, don't miss this spectacular festival featuring massive papier-mâché sculptures, fireworks, and traditional costumes.
Top Museums
Art Museums
- Museum of Fine Arts (Museo de Bellas Artes) - Features an extensive collection of medieval art, Renaissance, and Baroque works, including paintings by Van Dyck, Goya, and Sorolla.
- IVAM (Institut Valencià d'Art Modern) - Houses over 11,000 works of contemporary and modern art in a cutting-edge facility.
- Centro de Arte Hortensia Herrero (CAHH) - A newer addition to Valencia's art scene, receiving exceptional visitor ratings.
Cultural Heritage
- National Ceramics Museum (Museo Nacional de Cerámica) - Located in an ornate 18th-century palace, showcasing Valencia's rich ceramic heritage.
- Fallas Museum - Displays more than 80 preserved figures from the city's famous Fallas festival.
Science and Archaeology
- Príncipe Felipe Science Museum - Modern interactive science museum featuring diverse exhibits and workshops.
- La Almoina Archaeological Museum - Showcases ancient ruins including Roman baths and important archaeological artifacts.
Contemporary Culture
- Centro del Carmen (CCCC) - Located in a 13th-century convent, hosts contemporary exhibitions and cultural events.
Most museums are wheelchair accessible and family-friendly, with many offering special programs for children. Several institutions recommend booking tickets in advance, particularly the Science Museum and Centro de Arte Hortensia Herrero.
Local Cuisine
Valencia's culinary heritage is deeply rooted in Mediterranean traditions, with rice dishes taking centre stage in the local gastronomy. The region is the birthplace of the world-famous paella valenciana, traditionally made with chicken, rabbit, green beans, and local white beans called garrafón, all cooked in a wide, shallow pan over an open flame. Beyond paella, the city boasts an impressive array of rice-based dishes, including arròs negre (black rice with squid ink), arròs a banda (rice cooked in fish stock), and fideuà (a noodle-based seafood dish). The coastal location provides abundant fresh seafood, particularly the prized clóchinas—local mussels available from May to September. Traditional dishes like all i pebre (an eel and potato stew), esgarraet (a tapa of salted cod and roasted peppers), and coca de llanda (a traditional sponge cake) showcase the region's diverse culinary repertoire. The local cuisine perfectly balances land and sea ingredients, incorporating fresh vegetables from the surrounding orchards, locally-caught seafood, and high-quality olive oil.
Shopping
The city's main shopping district centres around Calle Colón, where popular high-street chains like H&M, Zara, and Mango line the bustling thoroughfare. For luxury shopping, the elegant El Pla del Remei district and Poeta Querol Street house exclusive boutiques and designer stores. The city also boasts several modern shopping centres, including El Saler and Aqua, perfect for all-weather retail therapy. Beyond mainstream shopping, Valencia charms visitors with its traditional markets, such as the architecturally stunning Mercado Central and the enchanting Plaza Redonda, where local artisans sell handcrafted goods, ceramics, and traditional Valencian products. Most shops operate from 10:00 to 21:00 Monday through Saturday, with some central locations also opening on Sundays with reduced hours.
Nature in and around Valencia
Valencia and its surrounding region offer a remarkable variety of natural attractions that make it a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts. The city itself boasts the stunning Turia Gardens, a verdant corridor running through its heart, whilst just 12 kilometres south lies the magnificent Albufera Natural Park, Spain's largest lake and a vital wetland hosting over 300 species of birds, including flamingos. The nearby Sierra Calderona Natural Park provides excellent hiking and mountain biking opportunities merely 30 kilometres from the city centre. Nature lovers can explore the dramatic landscapes of Las Hoces del Cabriel, a Biosphere Reserve known for its impressive canyons and river activities, or venture to Sot de Chera Nature Park, the region's first geological park, featuring natural pools and waterfalls. The coastline offers 20 kilometres of Blue Flag beaches, whilst inland areas present a mosaic of landscapes from rice paddies to Mediterranean forests, rugged mountains, and crystal-clear natural springs.
Getting Around
Valencia boasts a comprehensive and efficient public transport network that makes navigating the city a breeze. The system comprises 60 bus lines, 9 metro lines (including trams), and extensive metropolitan connections, ensuring seamless travel throughout the city and its surroundings. The EMT operates the distinctive red buses from 6:00 to 22:00, with night services running until the early hours. The modern metro system serves as the backbone of urban mobility, running from early morning until midnight, with extended weekend hours. Travellers can purchase a SUMA card for €8 plus a €2 card fee, which offers 10 journeys and allows transfers between different transport modes within a 90-minute window. For tourists, the Valencia Tourist Card provides unlimited travel for 24, 48, or 72 hours, including airport transfers on metro lines 3 and 5. The integrated network connects all major attractions, from the historic centre to the beautiful beaches, making it an ideal way to explore this vibrant Spanish city.
Best Time to Visit
The ideal time to visit Valencia is during the spring months from April to June or in early autumn from September to October. During these periods, you'll find pleasantly warm temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C, making it perfect for exploring the city's vibrant streets, futuristic architecture, and sunny beaches. Spring brings the added bonus of colourful festivals, including the spectacular Las Fallas in March, whilst autumn offers the advantage of warm sea temperatures and fewer tourists. June stands out as a particularly excellent month, offering warm summer weather without the intense heat, cloudless skies, and numerous cultural celebrations, all whilst avoiding the peak tourist season and its associated higher prices. These shoulder seasons provide the perfect balance of comfortable weather and manageable crowd levels, allowing visitors to fully appreciate Valencia's rich cultural heritage and Mediterranean charm.
