maybe that could explain some e-m81 in france
if we see in the
6th century an autosomaly north african case that far in north france
fascinating and cool :cool-v:
Genetic population structure across Brittany and the Loire basin
Abstract
European genetic ancestry originates from three main ancestral populations - Western hunter-gatherers, early European farmers and Yamnaya Eurasian herders - whose edges geographically met in present-day France. Despite its central role to our understanding of how the ancestral populations interacted and gave rise to modern population structure, the population history of France has remained largely understudied. Here, we analysed 856 high-coverage whole-genome sequences along with genome-wide genotyping data of 3,234 present-day individuals from the northern half of France and merged them with publicly available present-day and ancient Europe-wide genotype datasets. We also analysed, for the first time, the whole-genome sequences of six medieval individuals (300-1100 CE) from Western France to gain insights into the genetic impact of what is commonly known as the Migration Period in Europe. We found extensive fine-scale population structure across Brittany and the downstream Loire basin, emphasizing the need for investigating local populations to better understand the distribution of rare and putatively deleterious variants across space. Overall, we observed an increased population differentiation between the northern and southern sides of the river Loire, which are characterised by different proportions of steppe vs. Neolithic-related ancestry. Samples from Western Brittany carry the largest levels of steppe ancestry and show high levels of allele sharing with individuals associated with the Bell Beaker complex, levels that are only comparable with those found in populations lying on the northwestern edges of Europe. Together, our results imply that present-day individuals from Western Brittany retain substantial legacy of the genetic changes that occurred in Northwestern Europe following the arrival of the Bell Beaker people c. 2500 BCE. Such genetic legacy may explain the sharing of disease-related alleles with other present-day populations from Western Britain and Ireland.
...
In addition, we sequenced six individuals with dates ranging from the 4th to the 12th century CE, from Pays-dela-
Loire (Fig. 4a) to increase our resolution in detecting changes in ancestry during the
Mediaeval Period. PCA resulting from projecting the ancient individuals onto the principal
component space of modern variation shows that most of the samples fall well within the
distribution of present-day French (Fig. S4.1). Out of the six individuals, one (fra009, Table S4.1)
likely represents a migrant with genetic affinities to present-day North Africans. This individual,
dated from the 5th-6th century CE, was found in an archaeological site located in an ancient
town likely built during the Roman period (see SOM, Supplementary archaeological details).
Trading networks involving this town may explain the presence of North African migrants so far
north. To test whether French Mediaeval samples from the 3-4th century CE and samples from
the 6-7th century CE significantly differ in their genetic affinities to other ancient European
populations we computed the f4-statistics of the form f4(Mbuti, ancient European sample;
sLoire_France_3-4cCE, sLoire_France_6-7cCE). We found no significant differences in allele
sharing between individuals from early (300-550 CE, fra001 and fra004) and later Mediaeval
Period (600-700 CE, fra016 and fra017, Table S4.2). Therefore, we considered individuals from
both periods to represent the same population and refer to them as “Mediaeval French”
page 14 in pdf
We found Mediaeval samples from Western France to carry generally less steppe ancestry than their geographical close present-day populations (Fig. 4b). This is consistent with a model in which the introduction of steppe ancestry in Northern French ~2000 BCE remained restricted to this region for millennia. Nevertheless, we recall that Early Mediaeval samples display substantial genetic heterogeneity as two samples carry contrasting proportions of steppe- vs. Neolithic-ancestry (fra016 and fra017) and one sample (fra009) did not fit the genetic diversity of present-day France. Instead, this sample seems to originate from North Africa and provides evidence for long-distance migration between the northern part of France and northern Africa, as early as the Early Mediaeval period (~5-6 century CE). Finally, we found a lack of genetic continuity between Mediaeval French and Iberian populations dating from the first millennium BCE (P < 0.05, results not shown). Signals of genetic continuity were only found with Iberian individuals archaeologically associated with Germanic invasions, suggesting that until late Antiquity and Early Mediaeval Period (3th-10th century CE) French and Iberians might have kept low levels of gene flow
source:
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.478491v1
There's no possibility for this sample to be E-V68